Personality and Individual Differences最新文献_第9页

Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037

A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin

{"title":"Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate","authors":"A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High status within social hierarchies is often the reserve of socially dominant individuals. Faster responses have been identified as a cognitive predisposition of socially dominant individuals, thought to confer an advantage by allowing them to act first in social contexts. Response speed is also thought to reflect decision confidence, but this has not been directly investigated in relation to social dominance. Moreover, personality traits, such as extraversion, may show a similar relationship with decision-making speed and confidence and may explain any relationship with social dominance. Confidence is thought to be domain specific and it is therefore important to assess whether any association between decision confidence and social dominance, is also observed in other cognitive domains. Across three studies, we assessed performance on a two-choice statistical learning decision-making task and a self-referential memory task. To measure metacognitive bias, we included confidence for both decisions and memory traces. We also included a measure of extraversion to investigate whether these two related personality traits explain overlapping or unique variance in task performance. Across three studies, social dominance and extraversion were positively correlated. Both social dominance and extraversion independently predicted variance on confidence for decisions, with stronger evidence for a unique role for social dominance, but no relationship was identified for confidence in memory traces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of emotional intelligence on facial expression processing in males and females with and without psychiatric illnesses

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113040

Marie Huc , Katie Bush , Lindsay Berrigan , Sylvia Cox , Natalia Jaworska

{"title":"The influence of emotional intelligence on facial expression processing in males and females with and without psychiatric illnesses","authors":"Marie Huc , Katie Bush , Lindsay Berrigan , Sylvia Cox , Natalia Jaworska","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotional intelligence (EI) is a critical skill for understanding and managing emotions, and navigating daily social interactions. Emotion recognition is a crucial aspect of EI; however, our understanding of the impact of EI on facial expression identification, while accounting for both sex and mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress and loneliness), is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we examined the influence of EI on facial expression recognition of masked faces [i.e., accuracy and reaction time (RT)] via an online study in <em>N</em> = 469 adult males and females, while also assessing mental health symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Females tended to exhibit higher EI scores than males; higher EI scores were found in individuals without vs. with a self-reported current psychiatric illness. Higher levels of loneliness and perceived stress were predictive of lower EI scores. Further, higher EI predicted greater accuracy to all faces and to happy faces, in particular. Females vs. males had greater accuracy in recognizing all faces and happy faces. Finally, being younger also predicted higher accuracy in recognizing masked faces overall.</div></div><div><h3>Impact</h3><div>Our results demonstrate the influence of sex and mental health symptoms on EI, as well as how they influence emotion recognition ability. These results can help inform public health and training programs in the realms of education, the workplace and mental health settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural rhythm processing predicts later executive functions and self-regulation in early adolescence

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033

Chen Sun , Xiangyun Meng , Qi Dong , Yun Nan

{"title":"Neural rhythm processing predicts later executive functions and self-regulation in early adolescence","authors":"Chen Sun , Xiangyun Meng , Qi Dong , Yun Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-regulation is a multifaceted construct central to mental health and real-world outcomes. Rhythm-based training experience seems to enhance children's self-regulation. However, whether rhythm ability is directly related to self-regulation remains unknown. We investigated how rhythm processing relates to multifaceted self-regulation as indexed by behavioral executive function tasks, fluid intelligence, self-report questionnaires, heart rate variability (HRV), and a real-world outcome (mobile phone addiction index, MPAI). We assessed neural (mismatch negativity, MMN) and behavioral beat perception in 53 typically developing 10- to 12-year-old children and examined self-regulation measures two years later. The results showed that MMN predicted HRV, executive functions (updating and shifting), and self-control, whereas behavioral beat perception predicted executive functions (updating and shifting) and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, MMN predicted fluid intelligence and MPAI through the mediating effects of executive functions (updating and shifting) and self-control, respectively. These findings suggest that individual differences in neural rhythm processing may serve as potential indicators of multiple aspects of self-regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of teacher–student relationships in grit during early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035

Jaehoon Yoo, Daeun Park

{"title":"The role of teacher–student relationships in grit during early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study","authors":"Jaehoon Yoo, Daeun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous cross-sectional studies have established positive associations between teacher–student relationships and grit in adolescents. However, these studies did not explore the mutual relationships between within-person changes in these variables. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between within-person changes in teacher–student relationships and grit using data from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey 2018, a large, longitudinal, and nationally representative dataset. A total of 2607 Korean adolescents (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 10.14, <em>SD</em> = 0.30; 1294 females) participated in a three-wave study conducted at one-year intervals. The results of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model supported unidirectional associations between the two variables, indicating that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in grit, but not vice versa. Facet-level analyses revealed that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in perseverance but not passion. Conversely, within-person changes in perseverance or passion did not predict within-person changes in teacher–student relationships. These findings underscore the importance of teacher–student relationships in the development of grit during adolescence, suggesting that positive teacher–student interactions can contribute to beneficial outcomes beyond academic achievement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choice

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036

Dritjon Gruda , Jim A. McCleskey

{"title":"I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choice","authors":"Dritjon Gruda , Jim A. McCleskey","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a preference for order, hierarchy, and conformity to norms, and has been associated with conservative values and structured environments. Using a sample of 5762 participants across 18 majors, we examine the association between RWA and academic college major choice, proposing that individuals with higher RWA scores are more likely to select disciplines that align with their values of structure and authority. We found that individuals with higher RWA scores were more likely to choose disciplines emphasizing authority and tradition, such as Business, Law, and Medicine. We also found a moderating effect of gender, in that men with high RWA tended to select traditionally masculine fields (e.g., Engineering and Law), while women favored caregiving-oriented majors (e.g., Psychology and Social Work), reinforcing conventional gender roles. These findings suggest that RWA influences not only political and social attitudes but also academic choices, highlighting the importance of considering personality traits in understanding educational trajectories and their broader social implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A meta-analysis of psychopathy and the sociosexual orientation inventory

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021

Kaitlyn P. White , Marisa A. Muhonen , Keara A. Werth , Andrew Lac

{"title":"A meta-analysis of psychopathy and the sociosexual orientation inventory","authors":"Kaitlyn P. White , Marisa A. Muhonen , Keara A. Werth , Andrew Lac","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People possessing high trait psychopathy may be more prone to exhibiting an unrestricted sociosexual orientation. Trait psychopathy is a trait characterized by low empathy, low anxiety, high thrill-seeking, and high impulsivity. Sociosexual orientation – operationalized here with the most widely administered measures of sociosexuality, the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory and its revisions – is defined as the openness to engaging in uncommitted sexual encounters. The current meta-analysis examined the connection between trait psychopathy and sociosexual orientation. A systematic and exhaustive search based on the inclusion criteria identified 48 independent samples across 37 studies consisting of 15,471 participants. Four potential meta-moderators were tested: sex, age, trait psychopathy measurement scale, and college student status. Applying a random-effects model, the summary effect determined a positive correlation between trait psychopathy and unrestricted sociosexual orientation <em>r</em> = 0.31, <em>Z</em> test = 16.68, <em>p</em> < .001, 95 % CI [0.27, 0.34]. Tests of publication bias indicated that bias in publication was not evidenced in this line of research. This meta-analytic review offers theoretical and applied insights and implications to help understand the connection between trait psychopathy and mating relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failing to attract a female partner – Are low mate value and low mate access associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men?

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034

Catharina Walldén, Annika Gunst, Julia Andersson, Jeremia Sjöblom, Jan Antfolk

{"title":"Failing to attract a female partner – Are low mate value and low mate access associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men?","authors":"Catharina Walldén, Annika Gunst, Julia Andersson, Jeremia Sjöblom, Jan Antfolk","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We tested the hypothesis that individual differences in capacity to attract female partners is associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men. Building on evolutionary theories of female choice, we hypothesized that men with low (vs. high) mate value and low (vs. high) mate access are more motivated to limit female choice, and, therefore, to adopt sexism and oppose women's sexual freedom. We used self-reports of mate value, mate access, sexism and, opposing women's sexual freedom from 159 men and examined associations between these self-reports by using structural equation modeling. We also inspected individual differences in regulating female sexual autonomy based on income, education, and socioeconomic status. As expected, men with low (vs. high) mate value displayed more sexism. Interestingly, there was no association between mate access and regulating female sexual autonomy neither in terms of sexism nor in terms of opposing women's sexual freedom. We also found a correlation between education and sexism, indicating respondents reporting a lower education reported more sexism. To conclude, the results are mixed and calls for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perfectionism profiles and school-related stress associations: Examining the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism in children

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009

Andrea Fuster, María Vicent, María Pérez-Marco, Carolina Gonzálvez

{"title":"Perfectionism profiles and school-related stress associations: Examining the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism in children","authors":"Andrea Fuster, María Vicent, María Pérez-Marco, Carolina Gonzálvez","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and school-related stress sources and manifestations in child population using a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 759 students aged between 8 and 12 years old (<em>M</em> = 9.68, <em>SD</em> = 1.24). The <em>Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale</em> and the <em>School Situation Survey</em> were employed. Four perfectionist profiles resulting from the combination between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) were obtained using the <em>quick cluster analysis</em>: <em>Mixed Perfectionism</em>, <em>Pure Self-Oriented Perfectionism, Pure Socially Prescribed Perfectionism</em> and <em>Non-</em><em>Perfectionism.</em> The <em>Mixed Perfectionism</em> group was the most maladaptive profile, whereas <em>Non-Perfectionism</em> was the most adaptive in terms of stress sources and manifestations in school environments. Results were interpreted considering the model 2 × 2 of perfectionism. Moreover, possible explanations and implications of this study for Educational Psychology were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State conscientiousness and perceptions of duties and intellectual demands in daily life: A continuous-time modeling approach

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113030

Gaja Zager Kocjan , Andreja Avsec , Vesna Buško , Gregor Sočan

{"title":"State conscientiousness and perceptions of duties and intellectual demands in daily life: A continuous-time modeling approach","authors":"Gaja Zager Kocjan , Andreja Avsec , Vesna Buško , Gregor Sočan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we employed continuous-time dynamic modeling to investigate the evolving interplay between students' state conscientiousness and their perceptions of situation characteristics related to duties and intellectual demands. A week-long experience sampling study (ESM) was conducted using a mobile application, yielding 4694 reports from 185 undergraduate students (87.6 % female, mean age 20.2 years) responding to prompts five times daily. Results indicated that higher perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands were concurrently associated with higher state conscientiousness. Increases in state conscientiousness predicted subsequent reductions from the initial increase in perceived duties, possibly reflecting a sense of self-efficacy after acting conscientiously that lowered the perceived burden of subsequent duties. On the other hand, increases in perceived levels of duty and intellectual demands predicted subsequent reductions from the initially elevated state conscientiousness. Increased duty and intellectual demands may temporarily strain self-regulatory resources needed to meet momentary demands, making it difficult to engage in highly conscientious behavior on a sustained basis. The negative cross-effects underscore the importance of appropriate resource management for students, particularly in situations where they are expected to pursue multiple goals and tasks or engage in intellectually demanding activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who hails the unsung heroes? Individual differences in heroizing essential workers during a viral outbreak

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027

Zachary Airington, Freya A. Woods, Janet B. Ruscher

{"title":"Who hails the unsung heroes? Individual differences in heroizing essential workers during a viral outbreak","authors":"Zachary Airington, Freya A. Woods, Janet B. Ruscher","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the appellation “hero” rarely was applied to essential workers in nonmedical or nonemergency industries, e.g., grocery clerks, delivery drivers. Such novel usage prompts inquiry into motivations for heroizing: why might some individuals heroize workers during a viral outbreak? The current research considers both economic system justification and perceived vulnerability to disease (comprising perceived infectability and germ aversion) as predictors of motivations to heroize (and reward) essential workers. As a hierarchy-maintaining orientation, economic system justification presumably relegates workers to dirty work (i.e., inhibits heroizing). Perceived vulnerability to disease, conversely, taps into vigilance for disease threats and mitigation and should facilitate heroizing of workers. In Study 1, whereas economic system justification predicted less support for rewards, perceived infectability predicted greater support for rewards for and heroizing of workers during the COVID pandemic. In Study 2, after reading an article about either hospital orderlies or poultry industry workers during an avian flu outbreak, economic system justification predicted less likelihood of heroizing (mirroring Study 1) and less gratitude toward workers. Furthermore, although orderlies' roles were viewed as more protective and enhancing than poultry workers, these differences became more pronounced for high germ aversion participants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0