Big Five personality traits and preventive behaviors during two phases of COVID-19: Evidence from Taiwan

Abstract

Understanding how personality traits are associated with preventive behaviors is crucial for public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most studies have focused on the early pandemic stages, relying on cross-sectional data from Western societies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the associations between the Big Five personality traits and preventive behaviors during different stages of the pandemic, using a population-based panel study in Taiwan. Data were drawn from two brief self-administered questionnaires conducted in 2021 (n = 1312) and 2023 (n = 2062) as part of the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics. Multiple logistic regression showed that, in 2021, higher extraversion was associated with reduced outings. In 2023, conscientiousness and openness were linked to avoiding closed spaces, limiting non-family contact, and maintaining social distance. Conscientious individuals tended to wear masks and wash hands, while openness was related to avoiding shopping. Notably, extraversion was associated with handwashing but reduced adherence to shopping avoidance and social distancing. Agreeableness showed no associations with preventive behaviors, while neuroticism was associated with lower adherence to social distancing. These findings highlight the role of personality traits in shaping preventive behaviors, particularly during later pandemic stages. Policymakers should consider personality-based communication strategies to enhance compliance with public health measures.