Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

The Golden Mean Inventory: A new approach to studying character strengths imbalances across contexts 黄金分割量表：研究不同背景下性格力量失衡的新方法

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112951

Robert E. McGrath , Ryan M. Niemiec , Bina Westrich

引用次数: 0

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IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(24)00420-3

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Inside Front Cover - Ed. Board, Aims and Scope, Copyright, Publication information, Orders and Claims, Advertising information, Author inquiries, Permissions, Funding body, Permanence of paper, Impressum (German titles only) and GFA link in double column 封面内页 - 编辑董事会、目标和范围、版权、出版信息、订单和索赔、广告信息、作者查询、许可、资助机构、论文永久保存、Impressum（仅限德文标题）以及双栏中的 GFA 链接

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(24)00419-7

引用次数: 0

The number of exceptional people: Fewer than 85 per 1 million across key traits 杰出人才的数量：关键特征方面每 100 万人中不到 85 人

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112955

Gilles E. Gignac

{"title":"The number of exceptional people: Fewer than 85 per 1 million across key traits","authors":"Gilles E. Gignac","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive biases can lead to overestimating the expected prevalence of exceptional multi-talented candidates, leading to potential dissatisfaction in recruitment contexts. This study aims to accurately estimate the odds of finding individuals who excel across multiple correlated dimensions. According to the literature, the three key individual differences variables are intelligence, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Consequently, data were simulated using a multivariate normal distribution (<em>N</em> = 20 million), where the three variables were standardized (mean of 0 and <em>SD</em> of 1). The correlations were specified as: intelligence with conscientiousness (−0.03), intelligence with emotional stability (0.07), and conscientiousness with emotional stability (0.42). Cases were classified into four categories based on <em>z</em>-scores across the three dimensions: notable (≥ 0.0 SD), remarkable (≥ 1.0 SD), exceptional (≥ 2.0 SD), and profoundly exceptional (≥ 3.0 SD). Approximately 16% of cases were classified as notable, 1% as remarkable, and only 0.0085% met the exceptional criterion of 2 <em>SD</em>s above the mean. Just one case was identified as profoundly exceptional. These findings highlight the rarity of individuals excelling across multiple traits, suggesting a need to recalibrate recruitment expectations. Even moderately above-average individuals on these key dimensions may merit greater recognition due to their scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Priming moral self-ambivalence facilitates cognitive flexibility in young adults 道德上的自我矛盾引物有助于提高青少年的认知灵活性

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112948

Jiwen Li, Tengfei Du, Jianchao Tang, Juan Yang

{"title":"Priming moral self-ambivalence facilitates cognitive flexibility in young adults","authors":"Jiwen Li, Tengfei Du, Jianchao Tang, Juan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some evidence has indicated that ambivalent attitudes can influence cognitive processes, leading to increased cognitive flexibility. It is unknown whether self-ambivalence, the simultaneous holding of conflicting self-views, would affect cognitive flexibility. The present research investigated the influence of sub-dimensions of self-ambivalence, including self-worth and moral ambivalence, on cognitive flexibility in young adults. Given that prior research links ambivalence with increased top-down attention, which is thought to promote mental shifting abilities, this study hypothesized that self-ambivalence would promote cognitive flexibility. In Study 1, participants completed the Self-Ambivalence Measure (SAM) questionnaire and the number-letter switching task. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between moral ambivalence and switching costs (RT), while self-worth ambivalence showed no significant correlation with switching costs. Study 2 examined the causal relationship between self-ambivalence and cognitive flexibility by manipulating self-worth and moral ambivalence. Results showed that only moral ambivalence priming reduced switching costs, while self-worth ambivalence priming had no significant effect in studies 2a and 2b. The study found a facilitating effect of moral ambivalence, while there was no significant effect of self-worth ambivalence, which may be because morality is one of the core components of self-concept and that conflict triggers negative emotions as well as deeper cognitive processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional and physical pathways to sexual satisfaction and problematic sexual behaviour in dating, monogamous and non-monogamous relationships 约会、一夫一妻制和非一夫一妻制关系中性满足和问题性行为的情感和生理途径

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112949

Federica Ambrosini, Roberta Biolcati

{"title":"Emotional and physical pathways to sexual satisfaction and problematic sexual behaviour in dating, monogamous and non-monogamous relationships","authors":"Federica Ambrosini, Roberta Biolcati","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexuality significantly impacts well-being. Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in promoting psychological well-being and higher-quality relationships. However, the potential of trait EI as a protective factor in sexuality remains understudied. This study aimed to 1) investigate a model where trait EI influences insecure attachments, which are hypothesized to be negatively linked with comfort with interpersonal touch and body appreciation, subsequently predicting higher sexual satisfaction and lower problematic sexual behaviour (PSB); and 2) explore the model's replicability across different types of relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>672 Italian adults in monogamous, non-monogamous and dating relationships (71.4 % females) aged 18–77 (M = 34.6; SD = 12.2) completed an anonymous online survey. Path analysis and multi-group analysis were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Trait EI indirectly predicted sexual satisfaction through attachment avoidance and comfort with interpersonal touch. It also indirectly predicted PSB through attachment avoidance and anxiety. Multigroup analysis revealed that, only in the dating group, trait EI predicted PSB through attachment anxiety and comfort with interpersonal touch.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlight the importance of trait EI in mitigating negative emotions linked to insecure attachments, reducing the risk of PSB, and improving overall sexual satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of HEXACO-60: Cognitive interviews and confirmatory factor analysis 冰岛版 HEXACO-60 的心理计量特性：认知访谈和确认性因素分析

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112945

Adalheidur Magnusdottir , Haukur Freyr Gylfason , Kari Kristinsson , Vaka Vésteinsdóttir

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of HEXACO-60: Cognitive interviews and confirmatory factor analysis","authors":"Adalheidur Magnusdottir , Haukur Freyr Gylfason , Kari Kristinsson , Vaka Vésteinsdóttir","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) is an instrument that assesses the six major dimensions of personality, honesty-humility (H), emotionality (E), extraversion (X), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C) and openness to experience (O). The aim of this research was to examine the structure of the 60 item Icelandic version of HEXACO (HEXACO-60-IS). In Study I (<em>N</em> = 40) cognitive interviews were used to categorize items into themes depending on the issues that arose during interviews. A total of 17 items were changed and the answer options revised. In Study II (<em>N</em> = 375) the revised HEXACO-60-IS was administered to a probability-based panel and data analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed good reliability but a relatively high correlation between several factors. The factor structure was not satisfactory, as six items had low factor loadings across factors. In Study III (<em>N</em> = 501) the revised HEXACO-60-IS was administered to undergraduate students at the University of Iceland. Results showed good reliability and a moderately low correlation between factors. The factor structure was mostly satisfactory, with three items having a low loading. Overall, the results indicate that there are still prevalent issues that need addressing and that greater attention must be given to the composition of samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamics from reactive aggression to proactive aggression among adolescents: A multilevel chain mediating model 青少年从被动攻击到主动攻击的动态变化：多层次链式中介模型

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112950

Dan Chen, Hongmei Sun

{"title":"The dynamics from reactive aggression to proactive aggression among adolescents: A multilevel chain mediating model","authors":"Dan Chen, Hongmei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive aggression and proactive aggression have long been growing public concerns and are two phenomena associated with each other. The magnitude of reactive aggression at baseline can predict the likelihood of subsequent proactive aggression. Yet, the potential motivation mechanisms of the relationship between reactive and proactive aggression remain little understood, especially through experimental research. To address this research limitation, the experimental design employed competitive reaction time tasks and reward-interference tasks to manipulate reactive aggression and positive outcome expectancy in a sample of 125 adolescents (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 16.06; <em>SD</em> = 0.67; 50 % girls). Using repeated measures variance analysis, we found that compared to those in the low reactive aggression group, participants with high reactive aggression later showed higher proactive aggression aimed at the same monetary rewards. Furthermore, participants in the high positive outcome expectancy group also displayed higher proactive aggression, compared to those in the low and medium groups. Thereby, through multilevel mediation analysis, we confirmed robust relationships between reactive and proactive aggression mediated by positive outcome expectancy and moral disengagement. This study suggests that intervention programs should target the reduction of positive outcome expectancy and moral disengagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the directional relationship between social network site use and materialistic values 测试社交网站使用与物质价值观之间的定向关系

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112947

Qing Yang , Xinhui Qiu , Yicheng Wang

{"title":"Testing the directional relationship between social network site use and materialistic values","authors":"Qing Yang , Xinhui Qiu , Yicheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of social networking sites (SNSs) enables individuals to access materialistic-related information more easily, potentially reinforcing identification with materialistic behaviors and thus increasing the likelihood of strengthening materialistic values. Simultaneously, materialists may regard SNSs as an effective avenue that can assist them in obtaining material satisfaction and happiness. Based on this, we conducted a two-wave longitudinal survey over one year on young SNS users to examine the direction of this relationship between SNS use and materialistic values. The results of the cross-lagged panel model indicated that the intensity of SNS use in the prior wave was a stable positive predictor of materialistic values in the subsequent wave. Conversely, materialistic values have a positive but unstable longitudinal predictive effect on the intensity of SNS use, which may be attributable to the interference of covariates. Our study explores the longitudinal relationship between SNS use and materialistic values. It provides valuable insights that may deepen our comprehension of the role played by SNS in shaping materialistic values among the younger generation, which might further assist users in cultivating healthier values and effectively navigating the digital world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in detecting and sharing misinformation: Positive schizotypy, conspiracy beliefs, and autism 发现和分享错误信息的个体差异：积极精神分裂症、阴谋论信念和自闭症

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112946

Tom Buchanan , Katie Maras , Coral Dando

{"title":"Individual differences in detecting and sharing misinformation: Positive schizotypy, conspiracy beliefs, and autism","authors":"Tom Buchanan , Katie Maras , Coral Dando","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Misinformation is widespread, but only a minority of social media users actively share it. This paper considers whether three aspects of individual differences - positive schizotypy, conspiracy beliefs, and autism - differentiate those who believe in and share misinformation, from those who do not. Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 451) considered the effects of these variables on veracity discernment (i.e., the ability to differentiate true and false information). Higher levels of positive schizotypy and conspiracy beliefs were independently associated with poorer veracity discernment. Secondary analyses suggested that the effect of positive schizotypy might operate through reliance on intuitive rather than reflective thought, while the effect of conspiracy beliefs might arise from higher levels of gullibility. While autism did not generally affect veracity discernment, moderation analysis suggested that it improved veracity discernment among individuals high in positive schizotypy. Paradoxically however, autistic individuals were more likely to report having shared false political information in the past. Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 676) compared data from a new sample of autistic individuals with a sample from previous research. Again, autistic individuals were more likely to report having shared false political information, but did not differ in performance on a veracity discernment task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0