Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

The association between psychopathic traits and religiosity/spirituality among incarcerated adults 在被监禁的成年人中，精神病态特征与宗教信仰/灵性之间的关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113401

Nathanial J. Bernard , J. Michael Maurer , Nathaniel E. Anderson , Carla L. Harenski , Kent A. Kiehl

{"title":"The association between psychopathic traits and religiosity/spirituality among incarcerated adults","authors":"Nathanial J. Bernard , J. Michael Maurer , Nathaniel E. Anderson , Carla L. Harenski , Kent A. Kiehl","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative associations between psychopathic traits and religiosity/spirituality have been previously reported in community samples. However, whether similar associations are observed in samples characterized by clinical levels of psychopathic traits remains unknown. The current study investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and religiosity/spirituality among <em>n</em> = 137 incarcerated participants, including both adult men (<em>n</em> = 47) and women (<em>n</em> = 90). Psychopathic traits were assessed using the expert-rated Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) and religiosity/spirituality was assessed via the self-report Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIRIT). Consistent with hypotheses, we observed that higher PCL-R total and Facet 2 scores (assessing affective psychopathic traits) were associated with lower INSPIRIT total scores, with the strongest effects observed among men. Our results suggest that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits, particularly men characterized by affective dysfunction (i.e., a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse), are characterized by lower levels of religiosity/spirituality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attachment styles, maladaptive cognitive schemas, and relationship satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of romantic relationships 依恋类型、不适应认知图式与关系满意度：恋爱关系的多层次分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113380

Karolina Ginalska, Agata Cichopek

{"title":"Attachment styles, maladaptive cognitive schemas, and relationship satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of romantic relationships","authors":"Karolina Ginalska, Agata Cichopek","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the interplay between attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas (EMS), and relationship satisfaction within romantic relationships using a multilevel modeling approach. Drawing on attachment theory, the research examines how secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles influence the prevalence and intensity of EMS and their subsequent impact on romantic relationship satisfaction.</div><div>Participants included 80 heterosexual couples in relationships lasting at least two years. Measures included the Attachment Styles Questionnaire, the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), and the Couples Satisfaction Index. Results revealed that secure attachment was associated with fewer EMS and higher relationship satisfaction, while avoidant and ambivalent styles corresponded with heightened EMS and diminished satisfaction. Ambivalent attachment was strongly linked to schemas such as abandonment, mistrust, and shame, while avoidant attachment was associated with emotional deprivation and pessimism. Additionally, relationship tenure moderated the impact of avoidant attachment on schemas like shame and approval-seeking.</div><div>These findings emphasize the lasting influence of early attachment experiences on adult romantic relationships and underscore the importance of addressing attachment-related maladaptive schemas in therapy. The study highlights the potential of interventions such as Schema Therapy to mitigate maladaptive cognitive patterns and enhance relationship satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The bidirectional dynamic relationship between physical exercise and interpersonal competence in college students: A four-wave longitudinal study 大学生体育锻炼与人际交往能力的双向动态关系：四波纵向研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113405

Yi Chen , Xinshuai Guo , Ting Ye , Wenrui Zhao

{"title":"The bidirectional dynamic relationship between physical exercise and interpersonal competence in college students: A four-wave longitudinal study","authors":"Yi Chen , Xinshuai Guo , Ting Ye , Wenrui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpersonal competence—the ability to initiate, maintain, and manage social relationships effectively—is essential for college students' academic success, psychological well-being, and future adaptability. Although physical exercise has been associated with improved social functioning, its bidirectional relationship with interpersonal competence remains underexplored.</div><div>The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamic relationship between physical exercise and interpersonal competence. A total of 455 Chinese university students (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 23.54, <em>SD</em> = 1.70) participated in four monthly follow-ups from October 2024 to January 2025, corresponding to key academic phases: adaptation, stability, stress, and fluctuation. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) and Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ). Cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were applied to disentangle between-person and within-person effects. Results indicated that interpersonal competence variance was primarily explained by between-person stable traits (ICC = 0.799), whereas 74.6 % of physical exercise variability originated from within-person fluctuations. Significant bidirectional effects emerged during adaptation and stability phases, but non-significant associations were observed in stress and fluctuation phases. These findings offer new insights into the complex dynamics between physical exercise and interpersonal competence, highlighting the need for personalized interventions aligned with academic phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of suicidal ideation and school risk factors on the dual-factor model: Latent profile analysis and network analysis 自杀意念与学校危险因素的双因素模型分析：潜在剖面分析与网络分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113399

Mingtu Xu , Xiaoming Liu , Runhui Tian , Junsong Fei , Cong Fu , Leilei Liang , Kai Liu , Songli Mei

{"title":"Analysis of suicidal ideation and school risk factors on the dual-factor model: Latent profile analysis and network analysis","authors":"Mingtu Xu , Xiaoming Liu , Runhui Tian , Junsong Fei , Cong Fu , Leilei Liang , Kai Liu , Songli Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, suicide rates among school students have been steadily increasing, accompanied by a progressive decline in the age at which individuals engage in suicidal behaviors. Notably, suicidal ideation represents a critical risk factor in suicide prevention. The present study investigates the cause of suicidal ideation in school students by examining the influence of psychological characteristics and school-related stressors. A survey was distributed to 37,586 primary and secondary school students in Northeast China which access the status of depression, happiness, school-related stress, and suicidal ideation among school students. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four mental health profiles: Complete Mental Health, Vulnerable, Symptomatic but Content, and Troubled. Network analysis has identified significant positive correlations between suicidal ideation and school stress, particularly bullying, exam failures, and academic decline. These findings suggested that tailored mental health strategies should be used to promote well-being and prevent suicide in school students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Big Five personality traits and preventive behaviors during two phases of COVID-19: Evidence from Taiwan 新冠肺炎两个阶段的五大人格特征与预防行为：来自台湾的证据

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113381

Chun-Tung Kuo , Ruoh-Rong Yu , Kamhon Kan

{"title":"Big Five personality traits and preventive behaviors during two phases of COVID-19: Evidence from Taiwan","authors":"Chun-Tung Kuo , Ruoh-Rong Yu , Kamhon Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how personality traits are associated with preventive behaviors is crucial for public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most studies have focused on the early pandemic stages, relying on cross-sectional data from Western societies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the associations between the Big Five personality traits and preventive behaviors during different stages of the pandemic, using a population-based panel study in Taiwan. Data were drawn from two brief self-administered questionnaires conducted in 2021 (<em>n</em> = 1312) and 2023 (<em>n</em> = 2062) as part of the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics. Multiple logistic regression showed that, in 2021, higher extraversion was associated with reduced outings. In 2023, conscientiousness and openness were linked to avoiding closed spaces, limiting non-family contact, and maintaining social distance. Conscientious individuals tended to wear masks and wash hands, while openness was related to avoiding shopping. Notably, extraversion was associated with handwashing but reduced adherence to shopping avoidance and social distancing. Agreeableness showed no associations with preventive behaviors, while neuroticism was associated with lower adherence to social distancing. These findings highlight the role of personality traits in shaping preventive behaviors, particularly during later pandemic stages. Policymakers should consider personality-based communication strategies to enhance compliance with public health measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two factors appear to underlie personal relationship constructs important for mental health 有两个因素似乎是人际关系构成的基础，对心理健康很重要

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113383

Brian Lakey , William C. Woods , Calvin Hesse , Curtis Critchlow

引用次数: 0

It's time for a change. Time perspective as a moderator of the relationship between cortisol and perceived stress in early pregnancy 是时候做出改变了。时间视角在妊娠早期皮质醇与感知压力关系中的调节作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113394

Izabeal Płaszowa , Malgorzata Sobol , Agata Blachnio , Natalia Wdowiak , Artur Wdowiak , Andrzej Cudo

{"title":"It's time for a change. Time perspective as a moderator of the relationship between cortisol and perceived stress in early pregnancy","authors":"Izabeal Płaszowa , Malgorzata Sobol , Agata Blachnio , Natalia Wdowiak , Artur Wdowiak , Andrzej Cudo","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pregnancy, especially during its first months, is a stressful and challenging time full of life changes. This study examined whether past negative and present fatalistic perspectives moderated the association between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and perceived stress in women in early pregnancy. Participants included 94 women (M = 31.68, SD = 4.49) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Women completed questionnaires assessing time perspective and perceived stress. Moreover, the first 3 cm of scalp-near hair were collected for cortisol-level analysis. Two moderation analyses were used to test hypotheses. The results showed that past negative and fatalistic perspectives moderated the association between HCC and perceived stress. There was a significant negative association between HCC and perceived stress in women with high levels of past negative perspective and in women with high levels of present fatalistic perspective. The results are interpreted in the context of the allostatic load and wear-and-tear theory. These results extend our knowledge of time perspective by measuring its relationship with cortisol secretion and perceived stress during early pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From trait to transformation: Integrating Zimbardo's Time Perspective Theory and the Sphere Model of Consciousness 从特质到转变：整合津巴多的时间视角理论与意识的球体模型

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113397

Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan , Joseph Glicksohn , Patrizio Paoletti

{"title":"From trait to transformation: Integrating Zimbardo's Time Perspective Theory and the Sphere Model of Consciousness","authors":"Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan , Joseph Glicksohn , Patrizio Paoletti","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time perspective is a key influence on cognition, emotion, and consciousness. Zimbardo's Time Perspective Theory provides a widely validated framework, integrating temporal orientation and emotional valence into multidimensional personality profiles. However, it operates primarily at the level of stable traits and does not explicitly account for moment-to-moment fluctuations in consciousness or altered states. We propose a conceptual integration between the ZTPI and the Sphere Model of Consciousness (SMC), a neurophenomenological model that separates time, emotion, and self-determination as independent yet interacting dimensions of conscious experience, with the aim of mapping ZTPI dimensions into SMC and exploring dynamic temporal states. We examine how the SMC can enrich the understanding of time perspective, by a decoupling of time and emotion, modeling conscious shifts across temporal focus, affective tone, and volitional agency. This approach complements the ZTPI by introducing mechanisms of intentional regulation and offering a framework to investigate dynamic, state-based changes in time perception, such as meditation. This paper introduces a conceptual synthesis of ZTPI and SMC, offering a dynamic neurophenomenological lens on time-emotion regulation. By integrating ZTPI's temporal-emotional profiles with SMC's process-oriented consciousness mapping, we move from a static view of time perspective toward a dynamic model of experiential regulation. This fusion offers new theoretical and practical pathways for research in psychology, neuroscience, and contemplative science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fear of happiness and devaluation of positive climate information in climate-concerned individuals 关注气候的个人对幸福的恐惧和积极气候信息的贬值

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113377

Sarah Simon, E. Samuel Winer

{"title":"Fear of happiness and devaluation of positive climate information in climate-concerned individuals","authors":"Sarah Simon, E. Samuel Winer","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reward devaluation theory (RDT) describes the cognitive/affective process whereby people learn to interpret once-rewarding stimuli as threatening (Winer & Salem, 2016). RDT has advanced depression theory and science, but may also explain counterintuitive social phenomena, such as climate “doomerism” (Huber, 2020; Nightingale et al., 2020). The current experiment examined RDT in relation to climate values and beliefs. Participants were recruited in late 2022 from climate change-concerned social media groups. They completed a mixed-design experiment, with feedback to an imagined climate plan (positive, neutral) as the repeated measures independent variable, valence ratings regarding the feedback as dependent variables, and the RDT-related self-report measure fear of happiness (FHS) as the continuous between-subject variable. Results indicated the novel manipulation was successful. Critically, there was also a strong negative correlation between FHS and positive, but not neutral, condition ratings. These findings were predicted via RDT, and suggest that higher FHS predicts devaluation of positive information regarding the climate crisis––<em>even</em> among individuals likely to hold passionate climate beliefs. We thus present a novel manipulation that can be easily implemented to study cognitive/affective processes around climate change. We also demonstrate how tendencies to devalue reward can impact positive experience even within domains of passionate importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From childhood adversity to interpersonal problems: The mediating role of attachment insecurity and perfectionism 从童年逆境到人际关系问题：依恋不安全感与完美主义的中介作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113384

Neziha Merve Güzel , Agostino Brugnera , Angelo Compare , Gordon L. Flett , Paul Hewitt

{"title":"From childhood adversity to interpersonal problems: The mediating role of attachment insecurity and perfectionism","authors":"Neziha Merve Güzel , Agostino Brugnera , Angelo Compare , Gordon L. Flett , Paul Hewitt","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the indirect effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on current interpersonal problems through attachment insecurity and expressions of perfectionism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine such a serial mediation model and testing development and later maladjustment parts of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model [PSDM; <span><span>Hewitt et al., 2017</span></span>]. A total of 810 young adults (mean age: 20.46 ± 2.26 years; range: 18–30 years; 49.4 % females) volunteered for this study. A serial mediation model was tested using path analysis within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. In the hypothesized model, ACEs affected interpersonal problems through two serial mediators, namely attachment insecurity (i.e., anxious and avoidant attachment) and expressions of perfectionism (i.e., perfectionistic self-presentation and perfectionistic cognitions). Our results evidenced that ACEs increased interpersonal problems through the serial effects of attachment insecurities and of nondisclosure of imperfections. We also identified a second serial mediation effect, in which ACEs increased interpersonal problems, first passing through attachment anxiety and subsequently through perfectionistic cognitions. These findings highlight the underlying mechanism between ACEs and interpersonal problems by showing that attachment insecurity and perfectionism are key mediators of these associations. Results provide experimental support to a theoretical model (PSDM) and inform the treatment of individuals with a history of ACEs and current interpersonal problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0