Psychological time matters in sport: Measuring athletes' temporal mindsets with the Sport Time Perspective Questionnaire – Short Form (STPQ-SF)

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113486

Maciej Stolarski , Wojciech Waleriańczyk , Weronika Mazur , Julia Karbowska , Tomasz Kurach

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Athletes' tendencies to frame their experiences within specific time horizons can shape both psychological functioning and sport performance. Using data from three independent samples and applying an Ant Colony Optimization meta-heuristic, we developed the Short Form of the Sport Time Perspective Questionnaire (STPQ-SF) - a domain-specific measure of sport-related time perspectives. The instrument comprises 35 items across seven subscales: Past-Negative, Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic, Present-Fatalistic, Present-Eudaimonic, Future-Positive, and Future-Negative. Its factor structure and subscale internal consistencies were established in a sample of 681 athletes and replicated in two further samples totaling 599 athletes. To evaluate validity, we examined the STPQ-SF's nomological network, focusing on sport-relevant constructs (performance, burnout, engagement) and individual differences (personality traits, perfectionism). Observed associations aligned with theoretical predictions, supporting the instrument's validity. The patterns linking time perspectives with psychological functioning offer empirical backing for key propositions of the conceptual model of time perspectives in sport. The STPQ-SF (in Polish: https://osf.io/2uqj4 and in English: https://osf.io/ckfse) is publicly available for research purposes.

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运动中的心理时间问题：用运动时间视角问卷（STPQ-SF）测量运动员的时间心态

运动员倾向于在特定的时间范围内构建他们的经历可以塑造心理功能和运动表现。使用来自三个独立样本的数据，并应用蚁群优化元启发式方法，我们开发了体育时间视角问卷的简短形式（STPQ-SF），这是一种特定领域的体育相关时间视角测量方法。该量表包括7个子量表中的35个项目：过去消极、过去积极、现在享乐主义、现在宿命主义、现在幸福、未来积极和未来消极。在681名运动员样本中建立了其因子结构和子尺度内部一致性，并在另外两个样本（599名运动员）中进行了复制。为了评估效度，我们检查了STPQ-SF的逻辑网络，重点关注运动相关构念（表现、倦怠、投入）和个体差异（人格特质、完美主义）。观察到的关联与理论预测一致，支持了该仪器的有效性。将时间视角与心理功能联系起来的模式为体育运动中时间视角概念模型的关键命题提供了实证支持。STPQ-SF（波兰语：https://osf.io/2uqj4，英语：https://osf.io/ckfse）可公开获取，用于研究目的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Personality and Individual Differences PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.70%

发文量

577

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.