Personality and Individual Differences最新文献_第10页

Seeking or giving help? Linkages between the Dark Triad traits and adolescents' help seeking and giving orientations: The role of zero-sum mindset

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031

Xueli Zhu , Zifei Li

{"title":"Seeking or giving help? Linkages between the Dark Triad traits and adolescents' help seeking and giving orientations: The role of zero-sum mindset","authors":"Xueli Zhu , Zifei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our understanding of the connections between the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and help-giving orientations remains nebulous, and there is surprisingly little scholarly insight into the help-seeking styles of individuals with these traits. This study investigated the relationships between the Dark Triad and help-seeking and help-giving styles, and whether the zero-sum mindset explains these linkages.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Given the inevitability of helping interactions in social settings, especially among adolescents, a sample of 455 Chinese adolescents aged 13–17 (59.6 % boys; <em>M</em> = 15.14, <em>SD</em> = 2.57) reported their Dark Triad traits, zero-sum mindset, and help-seeking and help-giving styles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Narcissists were more likely to seek and offer both autonomous and dependent help, whereas Machiavellians and psychopaths were less inclined to seek and offer dependent help. Narcissism and Machiavellianism were indirectly associated with all help-seeking and help-giving styles via zero-sum mindset, while psychopathy was directly linked to autonomous help-seeking and oppositional and dependent help-giving orientations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In sum, the Dark Triad traits demonstrate distinct patterns of help-seeking and help-giving behaviors, and view helping interaction via a zero-sum lens. Understanding these varied styles can provide valuable insights into how individuals with Dark Triad traits navigate social dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple dimensions of workplace curiosity: Evidence of generalizability in nine countries

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011

Todd B. Kashdan , Patrick E. McKnight , Kerry Kelso , Logan Craig , Bushra Guenoun , Carl Naughton

{"title":"Multiple dimensions of workplace curiosity: Evidence of generalizability in nine countries","authors":"Todd B. Kashdan , Patrick E. McKnight , Kerry Kelso , Logan Craig , Bushra Guenoun , Carl Naughton","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curiosity is a fundamental human motive that is gaining increasing attention by researchers and practitioners interested in workplace functioning. Recent research suggests rather than designating someone as curious or not, there is benefit in detailing frequency/intensity scores on multiple dimensions. In this multi-national study, we examined how four workplace curiosity dimensions (Joyous Exploration, Deprivation Sensitivity, Stress Tolerance, and Openness to People's Ideas) operate with employees (adults aged 19 to over 55) working in nine countries. Our results include nine (from 23) countries with sufficient sample sizes (<em>N</em> > 250) to estimate stable correlations (Perugini, Gallucci, & Costantini, 2014): Germany, USA, China, France, India, Italy, Taiwan, Brazil, and Mexico. In an attempt to improve the psychometrics and minimize respondent burden, we found support for removing a single item per subscale. We also found evidence that the four-factor structure of curiosity showed generalizability across different geographical locations, age ranges, and biological sex. We detail the comparative psychometrics of this new, briefer version of the M-Workplace Curiosity Scale. Our approach offers a template for cross-cultural measurement approaches — giving adequate focus to measurement invariance as a method of assessing generalizability. Scientists cannot assume generalizability; it must be tested to understand whether, how, and when psychological strengths such as curiosity operate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognition about cognition: Do scales from different fields assess metacognition alike?

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013

Sebastian Bürgler , Renato Frey

{"title":"Cognition about cognition: Do scales from different fields assess metacognition alike?","authors":"Sebastian Bürgler , Renato Frey","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metacognition is a construct of long-lasting interest in multiple fields of research. Yet, exchange between fields has been limited, leaving it an open question to what extent this construct can be conceptualized as a general cognitive entity. We thus implemented a cross-disciplinary analysis investigating if self-report scales from four fields tap into the same underlying construct and give rise to a general factor of metacognition (M). In a preregistered online study (<em>N</em> = 661) and utilizing an analytical approach to mitigate overfitting, a systematic model comparison showed that a bifactor model including a general factor of metacognition performed best. This general factor explained 61 % of the systematic variance, suggesting that there exists an important general component of metacognition. We will discuss how the different subscales of the four scales relate to one another and to M, elaborate on a potential jingle-fallacy in metacognition research, and give recommendations on which subscales to use to best tap into M. In sum, our integrative approach contributes to a better understanding of metacognition and how to best measure it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-esteem, but not narcissism, positively predicts fertility across the cultures

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029

Janko Međedović

{"title":"Self-esteem, but not narcissism, positively predicts fertility across the cultures","authors":"Janko Međedović","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the links between behavioral traits and fertility (e.g., number of children) is a fundamental step in the analysis of contemporary natural selection on behavioral traits. Self-esteem and narcissism are two frequently examined personality traits with partially shared content, but their associations with fertility are rarely analyzed. We examined these associations using a publicly available, large intercultural database (<em>N</em> = 43,029; 65 countries). We fitted multilevel Poisson regressions with random slopes; furthermore, we analyzed the interactions between personality traits, participants' sex, and the size of their settlement (urban vs. rural) in the prediction of the number of children. The results showed that self-esteem positively predicted fertility, while narcissism had no contribution to the prediction; significant variations in these effects across countries were captured as well. Interactions showed that the positive link between self-esteem and fertility was particularly expressed in males and in urban environments; conversely, narcissism showed a negative association with fertility in rural settlements. The data suggest that self-esteem may be under positive directional selection, which has implications for the evolutionary personality ecology in contemporary human populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What's in a tilt? The differential effects of verbal and mathematical abilities on educational and economic success

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113026

Yoav Ganzach , Kimmo Sorjonen , Asya Pazy

引用次数: 0

Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy have differential patterns of emotion expression and regulation

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025

Kathryn C. Kemp , Laura M. Hernández , Alysia M. Berglund , Jessica A. Kaczorowski , Christopher J. Burgin , Neus Barrantes-Vidal , Thomas R. Kwapil

{"title":"Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy have differential patterns of emotion expression and regulation","authors":"Kathryn C. Kemp , Laura M. Hernández , Alysia M. Berglund , Jessica A. Kaczorowski , Christopher J. Burgin , Neus Barrantes-Vidal , Thomas R. Kwapil","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy are differentially associated with affective expression, including mean levels and temporal patterns. Extending these findings, we examined intensity, beliefs, and management of emotions in multidimensional schizotypy, as these features may explain differential patterns of affect. The present study examined the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy, as measured by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), with self-reported emotional intensity, awareness, and regulation strategies, and beliefs about the controllability of emotions in a sample of young adults (<em>n</em> = 1233). As hypothesized, disorganized schizotypy was robustly associated with multiple emotional difficulties, including diminished positive affect, emotional clarity, cognitive reappraisal, and beliefs about emotional controllability, as well as increased negative affect, general emotional intensity, and neuroticism. Negative schizotypy demonstrated diminished emotional engagement, including diminished positive affect, general emotional intensity, attention to emotions, and emotional clarity, and increased suppression. Positive schizotypy was associated with neuroticism and cognitive reappraisal. This study replicated findings regarding associations of multidimensional schizotypy and emotional expression, especially for negative and disorganized schizotypy. Furthermore, our study provides clarification regarding factors that may contribute to differential emotional expression in multidimensional schizotypy. Lastly, our results provide additional support for the construct validity of the MSS and three-factor model of schizotypy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time, stability, and fertility: Assessing general and specific timing dispositions with human fertility plans

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020

Gary Brase, Rachel Pratt

{"title":"Time, stability, and fertility: Assessing general and specific timing dispositions with human fertility plans","authors":"Gary Brase, Rachel Pratt","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertility intentions are predictive of actual fertility, but where do fertility intentions come from? This research assessed possible temporal timing dispositions, as well as relevant fertility attitudes and desires, as potential precursors to fertility intentions. Study 1 participants completed both temporal planning and fertility-related measures. Life history strategy, which is specifically focused on reproductive trajectory, correlated with fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions. These correlations weakened, however, comparing across attitudes, desires, and intentions. Delay discounting showed little relationship with fertility measures, or with life history strategy. Study 2 added time perspective measures and found present and future orientations were sporadically related to fertility attitudes/desires/intentions. These results suggest an indirect pathway from domain-specific timing dispositions (particularly relevant to the topic domain), to attitudes and desires, which then are related to intentions. Because Study 2 participants were sampled over an extended time period, there also are preliminary suggestions of more long-term, slower temporal orientation in the pandemic cohort. Broadly, understanding factors and processes underlying reproductive decision making is both theoretically important and an increasingly pressing social issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining empathic accuracy in a standardized task and in a naturalistic interaction: Associations, differences, and links with empathy

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113016

Alexandrija Zikic , Thomas H. Khullar , Jonas P. Nitschke , Katya Santucci , Erin Macdonald , Jennifer A. Bartz , Lauren J. Human , Melanie A. Dirks

{"title":"Examining empathic accuracy in a standardized task and in a naturalistic interaction: Associations, differences, and links with empathy","authors":"Alexandrija Zikic , Thomas H. Khullar , Jonas P. Nitschke , Katya Santucci , Erin Macdonald , Jennifer A. Bartz , Lauren J. Human , Melanie A. Dirks","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empathic accuracy (EA) – the ability to infer others' emotions accurately – is typically conceptualized as a perceiver-level skill. This perspective implies that performance on different EA tasks should be correlated. Further, EA should be associated with trait empathy, given the theoretical similarity between the constructs, and that EA tasks are often used as behavioural measures of cognitive empathy. We examined the conceptualization of EA as a perceiver-level skill, and as a measure of perceivers' cognitive empathy. We recruited friend dyads (<em>N</em> = 137 dyads, M<sub>age</sub> = 19.61 years, SD<sub>age</sub> = 1.34 years) and tested associations and differences between EA measured with a personal task (rating the affect of a friend following a supportive interaction), and a standardized task (rating the affect of unknown targets discussing emotional events). Additionally, we examined associations between EA and cognitive and affective empathy. Analyses revealed low correspondence in EA between tasks and videos. EA was higher on each of the standard-task videos compared to in the personal task. Finally, greater self-report affective empathy, but not cognitive empathy, was linked to greater EA in both tasks. These findings challenge the notion that EA is a skill of the perceiver. Implications for conceptualizing and measuring empathic accuracy are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a new measure of triarchic psychopathy, derived from the alternative five factor model of personality

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113012

A. Maximus Duvall , Abigail E. Bergey , Elma C. DeSousa , Nicole Taikeff , Adam W. Stivers

{"title":"Development and validation of a new measure of triarchic psychopathy, derived from the alternative five factor model of personality","authors":"A. Maximus Duvall , Abigail E. Bergey , Elma C. DeSousa , Nicole Taikeff , Adam W. Stivers","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traits within the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) have strong theoretical overlap with facets of psychopathy and proponents of the triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM) suggest that three dimensions of psychopathy are ubiquitous and can be observed across diverse personality inventories. In study one we evaluate the relationship between the ZKA-PQ and the TriPM and establish a triarchic measure from the ZKA-PQ item content. Triarchic psychopathy is well covered by the factors of the AFFM, particularly sensation-seeking and aggressiveness. The newly developed triarchic constructs demonstrated strong internal consistency and predominantly correlated with their counterparts in the TriPM. In study two we evaluate the validity of the triarchic constructs in relation to personality and social variables. Triarchic constructs are largely associated with personality variables in their expected direction. Furthermore, we established a relationship between the triarchic constructs and measures of trust, caution, and altruistic vs. individualistic decisions in a monetary social task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State boredom but not boredom proneness influences judgements of agency

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113024

V. Baaba Dadzie, James Danckert

{"title":"State boredom but not boredom proneness influences judgements of agency","authors":"V. Baaba Dadzie, James Danckert","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent work demonstrated that boredom prone individuals report diminished levels of agency. We examined the possibility that diminished agency was due to differences in judgements of agency external to the self. That is, do the boredom prone lack agency because they do not accurately perceive agency? We had three independent samples watch the classic Heider & Simmel (1944) animation in which geometric shapes are perceived to be agentic. Study 1 showed in two samples (<em>n</em> = 180 and 220) that trait boredom proneness failed to explain any variance in perceptual judgements of agency. Ratings of state boredom did, however, negatively predict judgements of agency. In a second study (<em>n</em> = 155), we replicated this effect between state boredom and agency. Next, we examined whether a disengaged attentional state, characteristic of state boredom, was responsible for this diminished perception of agency. Attentional performance fully mediated the relationship between state boredom and judgements of agency. These results suggest that the lack of agency among the highly boredom prone is unlikely to be due to deficiencies in perceiving agency. In contrast, the relation between state boredom and agency is at least in part due to diminished attention to the events being judged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0