Cognition最新文献_第3页

Planning to be incremental: Scene descriptions reveal meaningful clustering in language production 计划增量：场景描述揭示了语言生产中有意义的聚类

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106330

Karina Tachihara , Madison Barker , Beverly Cotter , Taylor Hayes , John Henderson , Adrian Zhou , Fernanda Ferreira

{"title":"Planning to be incremental: Scene descriptions reveal meaningful clustering in language production","authors":"Karina Tachihara , Madison Barker , Beverly Cotter , Taylor Hayes , John Henderson , Adrian Zhou , Fernanda Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do speakers plan complex descriptions and then execute those plans? In this work, we attempt to answer this question by asking subjects to describe complex visual scenes. We posit that speakers begin planning by organizing the scene into meaningful clusters or groupings of objects. Speakers describe the scene cluster by cluster, allowing for some planning time between each cluster. To test these ideas, in a preregistered study 30 participants described 30 indoor and outdoor scenes while their speech was recorded. Physical distance was calculated by identifying the centroid point of each object and then computing the Euclidean distance between centroid points for every object pair. Semantic distance was calculated using ConceptNet Numberbatch to obtain the semantic similarity between object labels. A clustering algorithm was then applied to establish the appropriate number of clusters per scene and to assign objects to each cluster. We observed that, consistent with our hypothesis, objects separated by shorter physical distances and objects that are semantically more similar were discussed in closer temporal proximity in the verbal descriptions. In addition, word productions that involved jumping from one cluster to another took longer to initiate than those associated with the same cluster. We conclude that speakers address the linearization problem by establishing clusters of objects and using them to facilitate incremental planning. This approach treats multiutterance language production as a type of foraging behavior, where people balance exploration and exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing truth through conceptual scaling 通过概念尺度追踪真理。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106321

Lukas S. Huber , David-Elias Künstle , Kevin Reuter

引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal visual statistical learning in context 语境中的时空视觉统计学习。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106324

Dominik Garber, József Fiser

{"title":"Spatio-temporal visual statistical learning in context","authors":"Dominik Garber, József Fiser","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visual Statistical Learning (VSL) is classically investigated in a restricted format, either as temporal or spatial VSL, and void of any effect or bias due to context. However, in real-world environments, spatial patterns unfold over time, leading to a fundamental intertwining between spatial and temporal regularities. In addition, their interpretation is heavily influenced by contextual information through internal biases encoded at different scales. Using a novel spatio-temporal VSL setup, we explored this interdependence between time, space, and biases by moving spatially defined patterns in and out of participants' views over time in the presence or absence of occluders. First, we replicated the classical VSL results in such a mixed setup. Next, we obtained evidence that purely temporal statistics can be used for learning spatial patterns through internal inference. Finally, we found that motion-defined and occlusion-related context jointly and strongly modulated which temporal and spatial regularities were automatically learned from the same visual input. Overall, our findings expand the conceptualization of VSL from a mechanistic recorder of low-level spatial and temporal co-occurrence statistics of single visual elements to a complex interpretive process that integrates low-level spatio-temporal information with higher-level internal biases to infer the general underlying structure of the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A signaling theory of self-handicapping 自我设限的信号理论。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106288

Yang Xiang , Samuel J. Gershman , Tobias Gerstenberg

引用次数: 0

Why boys cry and don't cry: The Contextual-Statistical (ConStat) approach to the perceived validity of generics 男孩为什么哭和不哭：情境统计（ConStat）方法对通用的感知有效性。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106323

Vera Hoorens , Felix Hermans , Susanne Bruckmüller

{"title":"Why boys cry and don't cry: The Contextual-Statistical (ConStat) approach to the perceived validity of generics","authors":"Vera Hoorens , Felix Hermans , Susanne Bruckmüller","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People judge the validity of bare plural generic generalizations (‘generics’ for short, e.g., ‘Women are empathic’) in a notoriously fickle way. We present the Contextual-Statistical (ConStat) framework to explain these judgments, showing that they follow consistent principles and are therefore logical and predictable. ConStat rests upon the assumption that generics transmit information of relevance for action. It consists of five tenets. (1) People may understand generics as being meant normatively or descriptively. If they deem a generic normative, they endorse or reject it – a decision that may masquerade as a truth judgment even though the concept ‘truth’ applies only when people deem a generic descriptive. (2) People can understand a descriptively read generic as being primarily about the category or primarily about the feature. (3) People judge whether a descriptively read generic is true by acting as intuitive statisticians who consider, by default, the prevalence of the feature in the target category as compared to an alternative category; only if an alternative category is cognitively unavailable, they base their judgment on the prevalence of the feature in the target category. (4) Both the explicit and implied content of the generic determine the threshold that the prevalence must exceed for the generic to feel true. (5) The processes described in tenet (1) to (4) are all shaped by the generic's context. The ConStat framework explains many fickle patterns in truth judgments, inspires novel directions for research on how people understand generics, and suggests manners to improve the methodology of that research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The pupillometric production effect: Evidence for enhanced processing preceding, during, and following production 瞳孔生产效应：生产前、生产中、生产后加工能力增强的证据。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106326

Jonathan M. Fawcett , Brady R.T. Roberts , Hannah V. Willoughby , Jenny C. Tiller , Kathleen L. Hourihan , Colin M. MacLeod

{"title":"The pupillometric production effect: Evidence for enhanced processing preceding, during, and following production","authors":"Jonathan M. Fawcett , Brady R.T. Roberts , Hannah V. Willoughby , Jenny C. Tiller , Kathleen L. Hourihan , Colin M. MacLeod","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production effect refers to superior memory performance for words read aloud than for those read silently. This finding has usually been attributed to the incorporation of distinctive sensorimotor information into the memory record of items read aloud, facilitating their successful retrieval during the memory test. Less research has explored other cognitive or motivational differences between the aloud and silent conditions. Here we used pupillometry to explore the time course of attention allocated during aloud, silent, and control (say “check”) study trials. Across four experiments, instructions were presented either concurrently with or preceding the word. To permit evaluation of preparatory processing independent of a verbal response, we explored the case where responses had to be withheld until a “Go” signal appeared. In addition to the typical behavioral production effect in memory, each experiment also revealed a pupillometric production effect (greater pupil dilation for aloud than for silent words) that—while separable from the act of speaking itself—was correlated with the size of the memory benefit. Critically, this pupillometric-behavioral correlation did not occur for control (say “check”) trials. We interpret these findings as support for an initial attention-focusing effect that comes from preparing for and executing vocalization during both aloud and control trials, followed by a phase of distinctive processing of target word features that is unique to aloud trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative polarity illusions are robust with both ‘ever’ and ‘any’ (when linear position is held constant) 负极性错觉对“永远”和“任意”都是稳健的（当线性位置保持不变时）。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106295

Dave Kush , Mechelle Wu , Amman Khurana

{"title":"Negative polarity illusions are robust with both ‘ever’ and ‘any’ (when linear position is held constant)","authors":"Dave Kush , Mechelle Wu , Amman Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many studies have used linguistic illusions to probe the representations and mechanisms used during incremental language comprehension. A crucial component of this research program is mapping out when illusions occur and when they do not. To this end, we investigate the generality of a linguistic illusion observed with negative polarity items (NPIs). Most previous work has only investigated the illusion using a single NPI, <em>ever</em> (or its analogue in other languages), but all models of the illusion phenomenon implicitly predict that illusions should generalize across different NPIs. In apparent contradiction to this prediction Parker and Phillips (2016) found reliable illusions with <em>ever</em>, but not with the previously untested NPI <em>any</em>. In their original paper, the authors suggested that the asymmetry stemmed from differences in the linear position of the two NPIs in their test items. However, the authors did not establish the basic empirical generalization that <em>any</em> is, in fact, susceptible to the illusion when the confound of linear position is factored out. As such, their findings are equally compatible with the hypothesis that there is fine-grained lexical variation in inherent susceptibility to the illusion, which would have serious implications for all theories of the phenomenon. To settle the empirical record, we conducted a higher-power study comparing <em>ever</em> and <em>any</em> using items adapted from Parker and Phillips (2016) such that the two NPIs occupied the same ordinal position in their test sentences. We find comparable illusions for both NPIs, a welcome result for all candidate theories of the phenomenon and consistent with the distance-based explanation for its absence in Parker and Phillips (2016).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The moral pull of “women and children” “妇女和儿童”的道德吸引力

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106320

Anastasiia D. Grigoreva Crean, Stella F. Lourenco, Arber Tasimi

引用次数: 0

Causal coherence improves episodic memory of dynamic events 因果连贯提高动态事件的情景记忆

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106317

Andreas Arslan, Jonathan F. Kominsky

{"title":"Causal coherence improves episodic memory of dynamic events","authors":"Andreas Arslan, Jonathan F. Kominsky","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Episodes” in memory are formed by the experience of dynamic events that unfold over time. However, just because a series of events unfold sequentially does not mean that they are related. Sequences can have a high degree of causal coherence, each event connecting to the next through a cause-and-effect relationship, or be a fragmented series of unrelated occurrences. Are causally coherent events remembered better? And if coherence leads to better recall, which attributes of episodic memories are particularly affected by it? Past work has investigated similar questions by manipulating the causal structure of language-based, narrative stimuli. In this study, across three experiments, we used dynamic visual stimuli showing unfamiliar events to test the effect of causal structure on episodic recall in a cued memory task. Experiment 1 found that the order of three-part causally coherent sequences of events is better remembered than that of fragmented events. Experiment 2 extended this finding to longer sequences and further demonstrated that causal structure is not confounded with low-level characteristics of the stimuli: Reversing the order of coherent stimuli led to task performances indistinguishable from those on fragmented stimuli. Experiment 3 replicated the results of improved order recall from the previous experiments and additionally showed that recall of causally relevant details of coherent stimuli is superior to recall for details of focal events in fragmented sequences. In sum, these findings show that the episodic memory system is sensitive to the causal structure of events and suggest coherence usually leads to better recall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creativity, the fountain of youth: Association between creativity and semantic memory networks across the lifespan 创造力，青春之泉：一生中创造力与语义记忆网络的关系

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106318

Lorenzo Campidelli , Umberto Domanti , Giulia Fusi , Yoed N. Kenett , Sergio Agnoli

{"title":"Creativity, the fountain of youth: Association between creativity and semantic memory networks across the lifespan","authors":"Lorenzo Campidelli , Umberto Domanti , Giulia Fusi , Yoed N. Kenett , Sergio Agnoli","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creativity relies on the ability to make new associations between concepts stored in our semantic memory in order to create new and effective ideas in a specific context. Recent studies showed that creative people are characterized by more flexible semantic memory structures, which facilitate novel associations between concepts. On the other hand, older adults exhibit more rigid semantic memory structures and ability to access these structures, raising questions about how the relationship between semantic memory networks and creativity may change with ageing. Can creativity support a more flexible reconstruction of semantic memory network during ageing? To investigate this, 77 older adults (<em>M</em> = 77.8 years, <em>SD</em> = 4.63) and 81 younger adults (<em>M</em> = 20.3 years, <em>SD</em> = 1.71) completed four verbal production tasks (i.e., two verbal fluency and two free association tasks), from which semantic memory networks were estimated. Moreover, two divergent thinking tasks (i.e., Alternative Uses Task) were used to assess creative performance. The results showed that the typical maturation of older adults' semantic memory network is associated with a decrease in creative performance in comparison to younger adults. On the other hand, higher creative older adults exhibited preservation of their overall semantic memory flexibility in comparison to lower creative older adults, similar to lower creative young adults. Overall, this study highlights the potential protective role of creativity in supporting active ageing through its propaedeutic role in maintaining a flexible organization and access to semantic memory structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0