Cognition最新文献

Kinematics in context: Predicting other’s action intentions entails the perception of affordances

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106122

Ayeh Alhasan , Eyal Karin , Nathan Caruana , Emily Cross , David Kaplan , Michael J. Richardson

{"title":"Kinematics in context: Predicting other’s action intentions entails the perception of affordances","authors":"Ayeh Alhasan , Eyal Karin , Nathan Caruana , Emily Cross , David Kaplan , Michael J. Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intention prediction is essential for successful social interaction, but traditional research focusing solely on movement kinematics often overlooks the array of action possibilities in natural settings. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore intention prediction, analysing free-text responses from participants who watched videos of an actor reaching for a cup, bottle, or spoon, each with a distinct intention. Each video included varied environmental contexts to suggest specific intentions (e.g., full cups for drinking, empty cups for clearing) or presented ambiguous contexts (e.g., half-full cups). We found that participants’ intention predictions depended on the variety of action possibilities presented by both kinematics and context. Participants tended to identify the primary action possibility of the grasped item as the intended action when both kinematics and context supported its feasibility. Predictions diversified when kinematics or context suggested that the object’s primary action was less likely. Our findings suggest that while intention predictions can sometimes be inaccurate, they align with the (most functional) action possibilities (i.e., affordances) indicated by the actor’s movements within a given context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 106122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When should the majority rule?: Children's developing intuitions about majority rules voting

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106128

Hannah Hok , Emily Gerdin , Xin Zhao , Alex Shaw

{"title":"When should the majority rule?: Children's developing intuitions about majority rules voting","authors":"Hannah Hok , Emily Gerdin , Xin Zhao , Alex Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across many contexts, majority rule is used as a decision-making procedure to coordinate conflicts within groups. Despite the prevalence of majority rule procedures, it is unclear how children think about majority rule as a way to resolve group disagreements in early childhood, and how this develops across age. In four experiments, we explored 4- to 9-year-olds' early intuitions about majority rule voting (<em>N</em> = 814) in two countries: the United States and China. Specifically, we compared majority rule voting to two different ways of making decisions: a randomized decision (coin flip) and abiding by a single individual's preference. We found children preferred majority rule over letting a single individual decide by age 4, and over coin flip by age 6. We further demonstrated that children do not use majority rule indiscriminately. Instead, they clearly think majority rule is inappropriate in some circumstances: While they think majority rule can be used to resolve matters of preference for groups, they do not think an individual should obey what the majority wants when deciding for themselves. Furthermore, they do not think that the majority should rule, even for group decision making, when they recommend clearly immoral behavior. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on the development of procedural justice and group decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the perception of events in children is influenced by language

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106123

Roberta Michnick Golinkoff , Sam Katz , Jinwoo Jo , Leher Singh , Margaret Anne Collins , Kathy Hirsh-Pasek

{"title":"How the perception of events in children is influenced by language","authors":"Roberta Michnick Golinkoff , Sam Katz , Jinwoo Jo , Leher Singh , Margaret Anne Collins , Kathy Hirsh-Pasek","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perceptual attunement occurs in a number of areas in infants' lives, preparing them to be members of their culture. Infants begin with the ability to discriminate between a wide range of distinctions found in all cultures, such as speech sounds, face perception, and tonal scales in music. Over time, infants' discrimination abilities become gradually aligned with those distinctions supported by their language and culture. At the same time, sensitivity to distinctions not supported in the ambient environment become attenuated. Here, we review the literature on perceptual attunement and propose a new domain which may undergo a similar process: the perception of motion events. For example, there is evidence that infants learning Japanese continue to attend to the grounds over which events occur (i.e., unbounded versus bounded, as in a field versus a road, respectively), while infants learning English attend less to grounds by 23 months of age. This process, which we refer to as semantic attunement, is somewhat analogous to the properties of phonological attunement, an area that has been extensively studied. We conclude by suggesting future research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Belief polarization can be caused by disagreements over source independence: Computational modelling, experimental evidence, and applicability to real-world politics

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106126

David J. Young , Jens Koed Madsen , Lee H. de-Wit

{"title":"Belief polarization can be caused by disagreements over source independence: Computational modelling, experimental evidence, and applicability to real-world politics","authors":"David J. Young , Jens Koed Madsen , Lee H. de-Wit","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large literature debates whether belief polarization, in both experiments and real-world political opinion data, is the result of biased forms of reasoning like biased assimilation and motivated reasoning, or if it can be caused by rational reasoning. We present evidence for the plausibility of a novel Bayesian mechanism of experimental and real-world political belief polarization involving perceptions of source independence. We show, using a novel Bayesian network, that when presented with conflicting testimony from two source groups, Bayesians should update towards the position of the group they deem to be more independent, meaning those who disagree about which group that is should polarize. We find in a pre-registered experiment (<em>N</em> = 351) that human participants polarize under these conditions. We then find in a UK study (<em>N</em> = 507) and a pre-registered US replication (<em>N</em> = 300) that, using a novel scale instrument, real-world partisans (Labour, Conservative, Republican, and Democrat) perceive their party's supporters to be more independent than the opposing party's supporters, with large average effect sizes (<em>d</em> = 0.87 UK, <em>d</em> = 0.82 US), suggesting the conditions are in place for such polarization to occur in the real world. Accordingly, we find that those who view their party's supporters as more independent than their opponents to the greatest extent have the most polarized beliefs, even after controlling for partisanship and affective polarization. Overall, our results highlight perceptions of testimonial independence as a plausible mediator of experimental and real-world belief polarization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of iconicity in children's production of adverbial clauses

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106119

Shijie Zhang , Silke Brandt , Anna Theakston

{"title":"The role of iconicity in children's production of adverbial clauses","authors":"Shijie Zhang , Silke Brandt , Anna Theakston","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young children's comprehension of adverbial clauses is significantly affected by iconicity, which refers to whether the order of information in the sentence reflects the order of events in the real world. In contrast, clause order (main-subordinate vs. subordinate-main) and input frequency of specific adverbial clauses do not seem to play independent roles (<span><span>De Ruiter et al., 2018</span></span>). The present study tests children's sentence production across four different connective types (<em>after, before</em>, <em>because</em>, <em>if</em>) to determine whether the factors that underpin the comprehension of adverbial clauses also apply to production, which involves utterance planning and articulation. 42 four-year-old, 42 five-year-old, and 22 eight-year-old monolingual English-speaking children, along with 20 adult controls, completed a sentence completion task. The results showed that both four- and five-year-olds produced all type of sentences in iconic order (“She builds a tower, before she breaks her train”; “After she builds a tower, she breaks her train”) more accurately than in non-iconic order. This suggests that while comprehension and production likely impose different demands on children, iconicity as a general semantic strategy benefits children's early processing of adverbial clauses. Moreover, the effect of iconicity persisted in older children's production, but only for their <em>because</em>- and <em>if</em>-sentences, which could be related to their semantic complexity and the pragmatic properties they encode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observational learning of exploration-exploitation strategies in bandit tasks

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124

Ludwig Danwitz, Bettina von Helversen

{"title":"Observational learning of exploration-exploitation strategies in bandit tasks","authors":"Ludwig Danwitz, Bettina von Helversen","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In decision-making scenarios, individuals often face the challenge of balancing between exploring new options and exploiting known ones—a dynamic known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off. In such situations, people frequently have the opportunity to observe others' actions. Yet little is known about when, how, and from whom individuals use observational learning in the exploration-exploitation dilemma. In two experiments, participants completed multiple nine-armed bandit tasks, either independently or while observing a fictitious agent using either an explorative or equally successful exploitative strategy. To analyze participants' behaviors, we used a reinforcement learning model (simplified Kalman Filter) to extract parameters for both copying and exploration at the individual level. Results showed that participants copied the observed agents' choices by adding a bonus to the individually estimated value of the observed action. While most participants appear to use an unconditional copying approach, a subset of participants adopted a copy-when-uncertain approach, that is copying more when uncertain about the optimal action based on their individually acquired knowledge. Further, participants adjusted their exploration strategies in alignment with those observed. We discuss, in how far this can be understood as a form of emulation. Results on participants' preferences to copy from explorative versus exploitative agents are ambiguous. Contrary to expectations, similarity or dissimilarity between participants' and agents' exploration tendencies had no impact on observational learning. These results shed light on humans' processing of social and non-social information in exploration scenarios and conditions of observational learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causation, Norms, and Cognitive Bias

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106105

Levin Güver , Markus Kneer

引用次数: 0

Evidence for word order harmony between abstract categories in silent gesture

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100

Cliodhna Hughes , Jennifer Culbertson , Simon Kirby

{"title":"Evidence for word order harmony between abstract categories in silent gesture","authors":"Cliodhna Hughes , Jennifer Culbertson , Simon Kirby","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-category harmony is the tendency for languages to use consistent orders of heads and dependents across different types of phrases. For example, languages tend to either place both verbs and adpositions before their dependents (e.g., ‘<u>see</u> <em>the girl</em>’, ‘<u>to</u> <em>the store</em>’ as in English) or after (e.g., ‘<em>the girl</em> <u>see</u>’, ‘<em>the store</em> <u>to</u>’ as in Turkish). Harmony has been argued to reflect a cognitive bias for simpler rules: a single high level abstract rule is simpler to learn than multiple rules, one for each type of head and dependent (Culbertson and Kirby, 2016). This has been supported by recent experimental work indicating that learners prefer to consistently order nouns either before or after different nominal modifiers (e.g. Culbertson et al., 2012, 2020a) and different types of verbs (Motamedi et al., 2022), and generalise the relative order of verb and noun to the order of an adposition and noun (Wang et al., in press). However, these studies all use the exact same set of nouns for both the training and testing stimuli. This leaves open the possibility that participants are noticing surface-level patterns, i.e., matching the position of specific nouns across phrases. This would give the appearance of a preference for cross-category harmony, but would not reflect anything about the alignment of categories, or a preference for fewer abstract rules. This paper describes three experiments that were designed to establish whether there is a cognitive bias for cross-category harmony between the adpositional phrase and the verb phrase which persists when the possibility of using surface-level patterns is removed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond words: Examining the role of mental imagery for the Stroop effect by contrasting aphantasics and controls

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106120

Merlin Monzel , Janik Rademacher , Raquel Krempel , Martin Reuter

引用次数: 0

Computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation superiority in experts: Kinematic invariants mapping

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121

Qiwei Zhao , Yinyue Wang , Yingzhi Lu , Mengkai Luan , Siyu Gao , Xizhe Li , Chenglin Zhou

{"title":"Computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation superiority in experts: Kinematic invariants mapping","authors":"Qiwei Zhao , Yinyue Wang , Yingzhi Lu , Mengkai Luan , Siyu Gao , Xizhe Li , Chenglin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While experts consistently demonstrate superior action anticipation within their domains, the computational mechanisms underlying this ability remain unclear. This study investigated how the processing of kinematic invariants contributes to expert performance by examining table tennis players, volleyball players, and novices across two table tennis serve anticipation tasks using normal and point-light displays. Employing the kinematic coding framework, we established encoding and readout models to predict both actual action outcomes and participants' responses. Results showed that table tennis players consistently outperformed other groups across both tasks. Analysis of the intersection between encoding and readout models revealed a distinct mechanism: while both athlete groups showed enhanced ability to identify informative kinematic features compared to novices, only table tennis players demonstrated superiority in correctly utilizing these features to make precise predictions. This advantage in invariants mapping showed a positive correlation with domain-specific training experience and remained consistent across display formats, suggesting the development of a robust internal model through sustained domain-specific experience. Our findings illuminate the computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation, highlighting the significance of kinematic invariants mapping superiority in experts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0