Cognition最新文献_第2页

The first attribute heuristic influences risky choice preferences 第一属性启发式影响风险选择偏好

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106298

Joseph Teal, Petko Kusev, Rose Martin

{"title":"The first attribute heuristic influences risky choice preferences","authors":"Joseph Teal, Petko Kusev, Rose Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behavioral science research indicates that people appear to construct their risk preferences ‘on the fly’, informed by decision making context and task (<span><span>Kusev et al., 2020</span></span>). However, very little research has explored people's psychological processing during decision-making ‘on the fly’. Accordingly, in this article we propose, explore, and establish the First Attribute Heuristic (FAH) in the domain of risky decision-making. FAH is a simple decision-making heuristic which is based on binary comparisons of values on the first contextually available attribute (e.g., probability or money). In three studies we found that the participants' preference and likelihood of selecting the option with the dominant value over the option with the inferior value increase, when these values are presented on the first contextually available attribute. Importantly, our experimental findings provide further evidence that participants' risk preferences are constructed ‘on the fly’. Specifically, decision-makers use FAH (a simple decision-making heuristic), which contributes to the lability of their preferences. Importantly, this heuristic and its influence on human risky decision-making are not anticipated by well-established behavioral theories such as Expected Utility Theory, Prospect Theory, and the Priority Heuristic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The chicken and the egg: unraveling aspects of semantic change and how they relate to lexical acquisition 鸡和蛋：揭示语义变化的各个方面及其与词汇习得的关系

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106301

Andreas Baumann , Stefan Hartmann

{"title":"The chicken and the egg: unraveling aspects of semantic change and how they relate to lexical acquisition","authors":"Andreas Baumann , Stefan Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several recent studies have shown intricate correlations between semantic change and the age of acquisition (AoA) of words, thus reviving the long-standing debate about the relationship between language acquisition and language change, both of which can express weak cognitive biases. However, semantic change can occur in various ways. In this paper, we aim to disentangle different aspects of semantic change and test its relationship to AoA. Specifically, we operationalize semantic change using three different and complementary measures: wiggliness, i.e., a word's tendency to show short-term semantic fluctuation; displacement, i.e., the long-term shift that a word's meaning displays; and diversification, i.e., the degree of polysemy that a word assumes over time. A regression analysis, in which we control for frequency effects, reveals that the three measures of semantic change are associated with AoA, but in opposing ways. Early acquisition is associated with low wiggliness (in particular if frequency is high) and low displacement, but high diversification. Based on a pseudo-causal follow-up analysis involving Bayesian networks, we argue that while early acquisition unidirectionally demotes long-term semantic displacement, there must be a circular ‘chicken-and-egg’ relationship between lexical acquisition and semantic wiggliness and diversification. Differential cognitive mechanisms are necessary to account for these relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Encouraging unitary and compositional representations for relational concept learning 鼓励关系概念学习的统一和组合表示

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106303

Daniel Corral , Matt Jones

引用次数: 0

Comment on: Rokosz et al. (2025). Yes, many heads really are more utilitarian than one. 点评：Rokosz et al.（2025）。是的，很多人头确实比一个人头更功利。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106296

Jonathan Baron, Niels Skovgaard-Olsen

引用次数: 0

Probability errors in adults' and children's decision-making 成人和儿童决策中的概率错误

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106297

Dean A. Marshall , Elizabeth Meins

{"title":"Probability errors in adults' and children's decision-making","authors":"Dean A. Marshall , Elizabeth Meins","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three studies evaluated <span><span>Tversky and Kahneman's (1983)</span></span> proposal that the conjunction fallacy (judging the probability of a conjunction of two events to be higher than that of its component events) arises due to the representativeness heuristic. Since such heuristic thinking is not innate and depends upon the individual learning the extent to which situations are likely to occur, our evaluation adopted a developmental approach. Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 82 adults; <em>N</em> = 71 4- to 5-year-olds), Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 130 adults; <em>N</em> = 148 4- to 11-year-olds), and Study 3 (<em>N</em> = 76 adults) assessed objective probability judgements by asking participants to determine whether a single player or a two-player team would win based on assigned poker chip (adults) or building block (children) distributions. Social judgements were based on descriptions of individuals. All three studies showed that adults' conjunction fallacies in objective probability judgements were (a) influenced by the likelihood of winning, and (b) positively correlated with conjunction fallacies in judging social characteristics. Children's conjunction fallacies in objective probability judgements were not influenced by manipulating the probabilities assigned to either team, and did not differ as a function of children's age. Fallacies on the objective and social judgement tasks were positively correlated in 10- and 11-year-olds, but not in younger children. Study 3 showed a “thinking aloud” procedure (to facilitate rational, non-heuristic decision-making) reduced adults' fallacies on the social judgement, but not the objective probability task. Findings are discussed in relation to developmental changes in decision-making, and common versus distinct cognitive processes associated with objective and social judgement errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speech perception strategies shift instantly 语音感知策略瞬息万变

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106299

Ashley Symons , Kyle Jasmin , Adam Tierney

引用次数: 0

Can we “see” value? Spatiotopic “visual” adaptation to an imperceptible dimension 我们能“看到”价值吗？空间主题“视觉”适应于一个难以察觉的维度

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106291

Sam Clarke , Sami R. Yousif

引用次数: 0

Learn what is detectable, detect what is useful: acquisition of German plural as a classification problem 学习什么是可检测的，检测什么是有用的：德语复数的习得作为一个分类问题

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106292

Sergei Monakhov , Holger Diessel , Brisca Balthes

{"title":"Learn what is detectable, detect what is useful: acquisition of German plural as a classification problem","authors":"Sergei Monakhov , Holger Diessel , Brisca Balthes","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many computational models of morphology that do not presuppose hand-coding of input data (i.e., do not draw on model-external linguistic knowledge) use character-based formal representations to account for lexical processing and acquisition. While such models are simple and efficient, they are not without problems. From a cognitive perspective, it remains unclear exactly what, according to these models, is represented in the mental lexicon and how speakers learn sublexical units of linguistic form that do not correspond to traditional morphemes (e.g., English -<em>ceive</em>- or German -<em>tor</em>). From a computational perspective, these models are problematic because their methods of identifying formal units make very limited use of distributional information and neglect the role of task-specificity in language processing. In this paper, we present a new computational model of morphology implementing task-specific linear processing guided by the principles of efficiency and reliability. By analysing data from the nominal number system in German, we show that our model not only outperforms state-of-the-art models but also makes predictions about the emergence of words' internal structure that are consistent with the judgments of German native speakers in a psycholinguistic experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inattentional noise leads to subjective color uniformity across the visual field 不注意的噪声导致整个视野的主观色彩均匀

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106293

Lana Okubo , Kiyofumi Miyoshi , Kazuhiko Yokosawa , Shin'ya Nishida

{"title":"Inattentional noise leads to subjective color uniformity across the visual field","authors":"Lana Okubo , Kiyofumi Miyoshi , Kazuhiko Yokosawa , Shin'ya Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans perceive a vividly colored world coherently across the visual field, even though our peripheral vision has limited color sensitivity compared to central vision. How is this sense of color uniformity achieved? This question can be explored through a phenomenon called the pan-field color illusion, in which observers perceive scene images achromatized in the peripheral region (chimera images) as full-color images. Our previous work demonstrated that inattention to the peripheral visual field contributed to this illusion. Upon this observation, the current study presents signal detection theory modeling to quantify the effects of inattention on internal color signal strength and its variability. The model fitting has revealed that inattention to the peripheral region increases internal signal variability. This inattentional noise increases the occurrence of strong color signals that exceed the internal color detection criterion, thereby intensifying the pan-field color illusion. These results extend previously documented effects of inattentional noise on simple psychophysical tasks (e.g., “subjective inflation” in grating detection and discrimination), accounting for the illusorily enriched peripheral color experience for naturalistic scene images. Our findings suggest that inattentional noise inherent in peripheral vision would be a key factor in achieving the vivid visual phenomenology experienced across the entire visual field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous coordination with self-commitment: How the presence of others alters the strength, goal and timing of commitment 与自我承诺的自发协调：他人的存在如何改变承诺的强度、目标和时间

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106287

Shaozhe Cheng , Jingyin Zhu , Jifan Zhou , Mowei Shen , Tao Gao

{"title":"Spontaneous coordination with self-commitment: How the presence of others alters the strength, goal and timing of commitment","authors":"Shaozhe Cheng , Jingyin Zhu , Jifan Zhou , Mowei Shen , Tao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commitment is a paradoxical feature of human behavior, often seen as both an irrational bias and a virtue for achieving goals. This study investigates its social roots, revealing how social contexts shape the strength, content, and timing of self-commitment, even in individual tasks. Through a series of game-like experiments, participants pursued one of two equally desirable goals via sequential actions under varied social conditions: alone in a private room (Experiment 1), alongside an optimal reinforcement learning (RL) agent (Experiment 2) or another human (Experiment 3) on a shared display, or alone with a mere passive observer present (Experiment 4). Our results demonstrate that (1) all social contexts consistently heightened self-commitment, underscoring its sensitivity to the public nature of tasks; (2) in parallel-play settings (Experiments 2 and 3), participants spontaneously inferred others' intentions and avoided selecting the same goal, despite instructions that such avoidance was unnecessary, suggesting that theory-of-mind (ToM) inference of another agent is spontaneously evoked to bias goal selection; and (3) Bayesian ToM modeling indicated that participants delayed revealing their intentions in parallel-play settings but not in the mere-presence condition, implying that spontaneous bargaining with a potential partner, rather than mere social presence, prompts more cautious commitment formation. These findings illuminate that, even in individual tasks, self-commitment is deeply intertwined with social context, influencing how people manage their goals and interactions with others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0