Cognition最新文献_第2页

Estimating divergent moral and diversity preferences between AI builders and AI users 估计人工智能建设者和人工智能用户之间不同的道德和多样性偏好

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106198

Zoe A. Purcell , Laura Charbit , Grégoire Borst , Anne-Marie Nussberger

{"title":"Estimating divergent moral and diversity preferences between AI builders and AI users","authors":"Zoe A. Purcell , Laura Charbit , Grégoire Borst , Anne-Marie Nussberger","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AI builders' preferences influence AI technologies throughout the development cycle, yet the demographic homogeneity of the AI workforce raises concerns about potential misalignments with the more diverse population of AI users. This study examines whether demographic disparities among AI builders and AI users lead to systematic differences in two critical domains: personal moral beliefs and preferences for diversity-related machine outputs. Using a pseudo-experimental, cross-sectional design, we assessed the moral beliefs and diversity preferences of adults (<em>N</em> = 519, 20+ years) and adolescents (<em>N</em> = 395, 15–19 years) with varying levels of actual or projected AI engagement. In our sample, males and adults with higher AI engagement exhibited stronger endorsement of instrumental harm and weaker support for diversity. Given the largely male composition of the AI workforce, these findings suggest there may be critical value gaps between current builders and users. In contrast, our adolescent data indicated that—developmental changes withstanding—these differences may narrow in future cohorts, particularly with greater gender balance. Our results provide initial support for a broader concern: that demographic homogeneity in the AI workforce may contribute to belief and expectation gaps between AI builders and users, underscoring the critical need for a diverse AI workforce to ensure alignment with societal values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children's reaction to unequal norm enforcement: The role of meta-norms in fairness judgments and emotion attributions 儿童对不平等规范执行的反应：元规范在公平判断和情绪归因中的作用

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106197

Katarzyna Myslinska Szarek , Felix Warneken

{"title":"Children's reaction to unequal norm enforcement: The role of meta-norms in fairness judgments and emotion attributions","authors":"Katarzyna Myslinska Szarek , Felix Warneken","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Punishment is often perceived as a natural and unavoidable consequence for transgressions, serving to enforce social norms and promote fairness. However, children's understanding of punishment raises intriguing questions about their expectations for consistency and fairness in its application, especially when faced with unequal consequences for similar actions. This study examines children's responses to unequal punishment and the emotions they attribute to characters facing different consequences for identical transgressions. Across two experiments with a total of <em>N</em> = 189 children at 6 to 9 years of age, we investigated how they respond to situations in which individuals receive unequal punishment for the same transgression. Results show that when reasoning about these norm violations, children apply meta-norms–higher-order principles that regulate how norms should be enforced. Specifically, after seeing the teacher's response to the first transgressor, children expected the second transgressor to receive the same consequence—whether punishment or leniency—rather than favoring one treatment over the other. Moreover, children attributed mixed emotions to both punished and unpunished transgressors, suggesting that punishment may serve as a form of emotional relief that alleviates guilt. These results contribute to the understanding of children's complex moral reasoning, including their sensitivity to fairness in norm enforcement and their nuanced emotional attributions in contexts of unequal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gaze behavior in face-to-face interaction: A cross-cultural investigation between Japan and The Netherlands 面对面互动中的凝视行为：日本与荷兰的跨文化研究

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106174

Roy S. Hessels , Toshiki Iwabuchi , Diederick C. Niehorster , Ren Funawatari , Jeroen S. Benjamins , Sayaka Kawakami , Marcus Nyström , Momoka Suda , Ignace T.C. Hooge , Motofumi Sumiya , Julie I.P. Heijnen , Martin K. Teunisse , Atsushi Senju

{"title":"Gaze behavior in face-to-face interaction: A cross-cultural investigation between Japan and The Netherlands","authors":"Roy S. Hessels , Toshiki Iwabuchi , Diederick C. Niehorster , Ren Funawatari , Jeroen S. Benjamins , Sayaka Kawakami , Marcus Nyström , Momoka Suda , Ignace T.C. Hooge , Motofumi Sumiya , Julie I.P. Heijnen , Martin K. Teunisse , Atsushi Senju","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research suggests a pattern of gaze avoidance in East Asian compared with Western cultures. Yet, recent eye-tracking studies of face-to-face conversation do not corroborate this. More generally, differences in nonverbal communication and analytic versus holistic strategies have been described between East Asian and Western cultures. Using wearable eye-tracking technology and an automated gaze-processing pipeline, we investigated cross-cultural differences in gaze behavior during unstructured conversation and collaborative interactions from an information-gathering and information-signaling perspective. We compared Japanese and Dutch individuals on gaze to faces, gaze–gesture coupling, and gaze–action coupling. Japanese participants consistently looked less at faces than their Dutch counterparts in all interactive scenarios. Additionally, Japanese individuals displayed fewer pointing gestures and kept their hands under the table longer. Although gaze coupling with manual actions and pointing gestures was similar across both groups, longer-term gaze–action patterns varied, reflecting potential differences in cultural strategies (holistic vs. analytic) and error orientation styles. These findings suggest that while visuomotor coordination is consistent, extended patterns of gaze in the context of collaboration diverge based on cultural context. Our study underscores the need to assess gaze behavior within the interaction rather than in isolation, integrating visuomotor behavior, nonverbal communication and cultural context. Additionally, our findings may aid in developing individually- and culturally-sensitive anthropomorphic virtual avatars and social robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal dependencies in event onsets and event content contain redundant information about musical meter 事件开始和事件内容中的时间依赖关系包含有关音乐节拍的冗余信息

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106179

Niels J. Verosky , Emily Morgan

{"title":"Temporal dependencies in event onsets and event content contain redundant information about musical meter","authors":"Niels J. Verosky , Emily Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Musical stimuli present listeners with complex temporal information and rich periodic structure. Periodic patterns in music typically involve multiple hierarchical levels: a basic-level repeating pulse known as the “beat,” and a higher-order grouping of beats into the “meter.” Previous work has found that a musical stimulus's meter is predicted by recurring temporal patterns of note event onsets, measured by profiles of autocorrelation over time lags. Traditionally, that work has emphasized periodic structure in the timing of event onsets (i.e., repeating rhythms). Here, we suggest that musical meter is in fact a more general perceptual phenomenon, instantiating complex profiles of temporal dependencies across both event onsets and multiple feature dimensions in the actual content of events. We use classification techniques to test whether profiles of temporal dependencies in event onsets and in multiple types of event content predict musical meter. Applying random forest models to three musical corpora, we reproduce findings that profiles of temporal dependencies in note event onsets contain information about meter, but we find that profiles of temporal dependencies in pitch height, interval size, and tonal expectancy also contain such information, with high redundancy among temporal dependencies in event onsets and event content as predictors of meter. Moreover, information about meter is distributed across temporal dependencies at multiple time lags, as indicated by the baseline performance of an unsupervised classifier that selects the single time lag with maximum autocorrelation. Redundant profiles of temporal dependencies across multiple stimulus features may provide strong constraints on musical structure that inform listeners' predictive processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agency, desire, and the conceptual representation of consent 代理，欲望，以及同意的概念表征

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106190

Lucía Garzón, Jorge Suárez, Ivar R. Hannikainen

{"title":"Agency, desire, and the conceptual representation of consent","authors":"Lucía Garzón, Jorge Suárez, Ivar R. Hannikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advances in the protection of human rights have placed the notion of autonomous consent in the spotlight of ethical and legal thought. Nowadays, the moral demand for consent governs a range of everyday interactions, from medical care and third-party use of personal data to sexual relationships. Recently, however, scholars have called into question the suitability of consent as a moral ideal in the sexual domain. To contribute to this debate, we ask what a speaker's expression of consent ordinarily conveys. Probing participants' linguistic acceptability judgments and inferences in response to contextualized expressions of consent (total <em>N</em> = 1232) and leveraging the tools of natural language processing, we documented two attributes of people's conceptual representation of consent. First, expressions of consent were connected to the speaker's patient role in dyadic interactions. Second, consent was indicative of a person's instrumental desire toward the target action. These results help to construe prototypical acts of consent as conveying a speaker's instrumental acceptance of an agent's behavior (e.g., a medical intervention) for some ulterior end (e.g., to restore health). Finally, we confirmed that people selectively reject instrumental desire as an adequate standard in the sexual domain. Our findings may therefore help to explain recurring skepticism about the transformative power of sexual consent as stemming from a mismatch between what consent communicates and prevailing moral norms surrounding sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of attention and frames on third-party punishment and compensation choices 注意与框架对第三方惩罚与补偿选择的作用

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106192

Claudia Civai , Valerio Capraro , Luca Polonio

{"title":"The role of attention and frames on third-party punishment and compensation choices","authors":"Claudia Civai , Valerio Capraro , Luca Polonio","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People often forgo their own self-interest to react to fairness and justice violations, even when not directly affected by the infraction. There are different ways to react to an injustice: some may prefer to punish the perpetrator, and others to compensate the victim. Here, our focus is on the role played by attention to determine these choices, investigating the relationship between attentional mechanisms and punishment/compensation in five preregistered experiments (<em>N</em> = 1157). Two eye-tracking experiments showed that people who focus more on the offender's payoff are more likely to punish, and when an exogenous stimulation increases the focus on the offender's payoff, people spend more to punish. An offender bias was also found, meaning that people, overall, prefer to focus on the offender's, rather than the victim's, payoff, and punish more than compensate. This was confirmed in three behavioural experiments, where people were exposed to either the offender's or the victim's payoff: when given the choice, people prefer to reveal the offender's payoff, and then punish; however, when randomly exposed to the victim's payoff, the preference for punishment disappears. Affective empathy boosts this effect: higher empathy leads to more punishment (or compensation) when the offender's (or victim's) payoff is revealed. These findings suggest that, whilst people have an intrinsic motivation to search for information that matches their preference (i.e., the offender's payoff and punishment), when exposed to an alternative piece of information (i.e., the victim's payoff), they modify their behaviour. Implications for understanding information bubbles and ways to overcome them are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aesthetic appeal of dance actions depends on expressivity, liveness and audience characteristics 舞蹈动作的审美情趣取决于表现力、活跃性和观众特征

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106152

Julia F. Christensen , Eva-Madeleine Schmidt , Klaus Frieler , Rebecca A. Smith-Chase , Luisa Sancho-Escanero , Georgios Michalareas , Fredrik Ullén , Emily S. Cross

{"title":"Aesthetic appeal of dance actions depends on expressivity, liveness and audience characteristics","authors":"Julia F. Christensen , Eva-Madeleine Schmidt , Klaus Frieler , Rebecca A. Smith-Chase , Luisa Sancho-Escanero , Georgios Michalareas , Fredrik Ullén , Emily S. Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across two pre-registered experiments, one live and one online, we investigated how audiences' aesthetic experience during a contemporary dance performance was shaped by audience members' individual traits, as well as by the characteristics of the performance. In an ecologically valid live performance setting, we replicated results from previous laboratory-based research concerning stimulus characteristics and aesthetic enjoyment. Specifically, using the motion capture system XSENS®, we found that 1) objectively measured movement kinematics (acceleration and velocity) differed significantly between expressive and non-expressive dance pieces; and 2) observers preferred expressive dance pieces over non-expressive pieces. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to evaluate the extent to which <em>location</em> (home, theatre), <em>liveness</em> (recorded, live), <em>type of dancer</em> (avatar, human) and <em>intended expressivity (expressive, non-expressive)</em> influenced audience responses to a contemporary dance performance. Liveness and type of dancer, along with the interindividual differences age, education, sex and personality, were found to reliably modulate audience members' responses. Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling showed that among different aesthetic enjoyment variables including liking, beauty, wanting and boredom, ‘interest’ was the strongest predictor of individual audience members' wish to see a dance performance again. Evidence obtained with a single dance performance can clearly not be generalized to all dance performances, but these results highlight, at the very least, the importance of assessing interindividual differences when researching aesthetic preferences for contemporary dance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speech categorization consistency is associated with language and reading abilities in school-age children: Implications for language and reading disorders 言语分类一致性与学龄儿童的语言和阅读能力有关：对语言和阅读障碍的影响

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106194

Hyoju Kim , Jamie Klein-Packard , Eldon Sorensen , Jacob Oleson , Bruce Tomblin , Bob McMurray

{"title":"Speech categorization consistency is associated with language and reading abilities in school-age children: Implications for language and reading disorders","authors":"Hyoju Kim , Jamie Klein-Packard , Eldon Sorensen , Jacob Oleson , Bruce Tomblin , Bob McMurray","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Speech perception is fundamental to language and reading abilities. While these skills are correlated, most studies examining the role of speech perception on outcomes do not test both concurrently. Moreover, traditional forced-choice tasks have limitations in accurately indexing these relationships. This study used a visual analog scaling task—a continuous measure of speech categorization—to examine speech categorization alongside conventional language and reading assessments in a large sample of children (<em>n</em> = 237), including those with language and/or reading disabilities. Children with poorer language/reading exhibited lower trial-by-trial categorization consistency, but no differences in the gradiency of the mean function. Group analyses further linked differences in categorization consistency to language/reading disabilities, with reading ability being linked particularly to the processing of vowels. Critically, categorization consistency was uniquely linked to language/reading ability, even when controlling for the mediating effect of phonological processing. These findings suggest that the consistency of perceptual processes, rather than the quality of the representations, is the critical property of speech perception that is associated with broader language and reading function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensorimotor mismatch but not rotational inertia contributes to the size-weight illusion and weight perception for handheld objects 感觉运动不匹配而不是旋转惯性导致了手持物体的尺寸-重量错觉和重量感知

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106170

Jarrod W.C. Harris , Melanie J. Murphy , Toen Castle , Philippe A. Chouinard

{"title":"Sensorimotor mismatch but not rotational inertia contributes to the size-weight illusion and weight perception for handheld objects","authors":"Jarrod W.C. Harris , Melanie J. Murphy , Toen Castle , Philippe A. Chouinard","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weight perception, despite extensive historical study, remains an unresolved process. A well-documented phenomenon within this field is the size-weight illusion (SWI), where smaller objects feel heavier than larger, equally weighted counterparts. One hypothesis attributes this illusion to rotational inertia, the resistance of an object to changes in its rotational motion. This study re-evaluates the role of rotational inertia in the SWI and general weight perception using handheld objects, rather than typical rod-based tools used in past research. Two experiments were conducted. The first manipulated the rotational inertia of ten spheres, identical in appearance and weight, to see if increased inertia led to a perception of greater weight. The second compared three sets of SWI stimuli with varied mass distributions to determine if differences in rotational inertia influenced the illusion's magnitude. Both experiments measured participants' weight perception and lifting forces. Results from Experiment 1 showed no impact of rotational inertia on weight perception. Experiment 2 confirmed the presence of the SWI but found no meaningful relationship between rotational inertia and the illusion's magnitude. Interestingly, lifting force correlated with perceived weight, suggesting a role for sensorimotor mismatches rather than rotational inertia in the SWI. Overall, these findings challenge the notion that rotational inertia is a critical factor in weight perception and the SWI, indicating its influence may be confined to specific contexts involving rod-based objects. The study underscores the importance of lifting dynamics and applied forces in understanding weight perception, suggesting a need to reconsider rotational inertia's broader applicability in perceptual theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 106170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Un)intentionality bias in action observation revisited (1)行动观察中的意向性偏倚

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106191

Emmanuele Tidoni , Avena Merritt , Elizabeth Adeyemi , Michele Scandola , Jeremy Tree , Kevin Riggs , David George

{"title":"(Un)intentionality bias in action observation revisited","authors":"Emmanuele Tidoni , Avena Merritt , Elizabeth Adeyemi , Michele Scandola , Jeremy Tree , Kevin Riggs , David George","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When observing individuals in action, we often infer their goals and intentions. Yet, in situations where actions are ambiguous and could be either intentionally generated or not, there is a tendency to perceive these actions as internally driven. This intentionality bias is influenced by individual differences in schizotypal cognitive style.</div><div>In this study, we examined how healthy individuals distinguish between intentional and unintentional actions when perceiving actions of a finger attached to a pulling device. Participants reported to use different strategies to infer intentionality (e.g., action onset, perceived movement speed, hand and finger posture) and tended to attribute more intentionality to actions where the posture of the finger aligned with the final goal of the action (i.e., a bent finger pushing a button was perceived more intentional than a straight finger doing the same action). Moreover, the perceived action intentionality varied depending on the individual schizotypal cognitive style. The tendency to perceive the action as intentional when it was done with a bent finger rather than a straight finger decreased as the participants' schizotypal scores increased.</div><div>These findings suggest that intentionality attribution is not based on processes that automatically infer intentions as the primary cause of human actions. Rather than being an intentional bias, we believe that attributing and denying intentions requires the coherent integration of high- and low-level cognitive processes modulated by individual differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0