Sex Roles最新文献_第3页

Exposure to Sexist Content, Masculine Norms, and Misogynistic Behavior Online: The Moderating Role of Relational Empathy Among Young Men in Pakistan 接触性别歧视内容、男性规范与网络厌女行为：巴基斯坦青年男性关系共情的调节作用

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01676-9

Bilal Mazhar, Bolin Cao, Inam Ul Haq

{"title":"Exposure to Sexist Content, Masculine Norms, and Misogynistic Behavior Online: The Moderating Role of Relational Empathy Among Young Men in Pakistan","authors":"Bilal Mazhar, Bolin Cao, Inam Ul Haq","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01676-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01676-9","url":null,"abstract":"As social media becomes an increasingly dominant space for communication, understanding the factors associated with misogynistic behavior online is essential. This study examines how exposure to sexist content on social media is associated with traditional masculine norms and online misogynistic behavior, while considering the moderating role of relational empathy. Using a sample of male social media users from Pakistan (<italic>N</italic> = 902), the study integrates social cognitive theory and the empathy-altruism hypothesis to test direct associations, the indirect association through masculine norm endorsement, and the moderating role of relational empathy using structural equation modeling. Greater exposure to sexist content was associated with greater engagement in online misogynistic behavior and stronger endorsement of masculine norms. Masculine norm endorsement was also associated with higher levels of misogynistic behavior and significantly accounted for part of the association between sexist content exposure and online misogynistic behavior. Relational empathy moderated both the association between sexist content exposure and masculine norm endorsement and the association between masculine norm endorsement and online misogynistic behavior, such that both associations were weaker among men with higher relational empathy. These findings indicate that relational empathy may attenuate the strength of the associations linking sexist-content exposure, masculine norm endorsement, and online misogynistic behavior, although higher relational empathy was not associated with uniformly lower predicted outcome levels.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entitativity Predicts “Counter-Allyship” Towards a Black Woman Complainant of Violent Sexual Harassment Through Elevated Promiscuity Attributions 实体性通过提高滥交归因，预测对黑人女性暴力性骚扰投诉人的“反同盟”

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01660-3

James Johnson, Cornelius J. König, Shanhong Luo, Kim Dierckx, Loris Vezzali, Alain Van Hiel

{"title":"Entitativity Predicts “Counter-Allyship” Towards a Black Woman Complainant of Violent Sexual Harassment Through Elevated Promiscuity Attributions","authors":"James Johnson, Cornelius J. König, Shanhong Luo, Kim Dierckx, Loris Vezzali, Alain Van Hiel","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01660-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01660-3","url":null,"abstract":"Black women in the United States continue to face disproportionate gender-based sexual violence, often compounded by stereotypes that portray them as sexually promiscuous. This study examines how perceptions of <italic>entitativity</italic>—the belief that Black women form a cohesive, interchangeable group—shape negative reactions toward a Black woman who reports workplace sexual harassment by a White supervisor. Using a sample of White American adults (<italic>N</italic> = 197), participants completed measures of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), perceived Black women’s entitativity, promiscuity attributions, and two forms of “counter-allyship”: blaming the complainant and expressing sympathy toward the perpetrator (“himpathy”). Results showed that perceiving Black women as a highly unified group predicted stronger promiscuity attributions, which, in turn, increased counter-allyship among participants high (but not low) in RWA. These findings reveal how group-based stereotyping processes and authoritarian attitudes intersect to undermine empathy for Black women survivors of workplace harassment. Understanding these mechanisms can inform diversity training, organizational response policies, and therapist interventions that address bias in perceptions of sexual violence complaints.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Identity Shifting in the Link Between Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Mental Health 身份转换在性别、种族微侵犯与心理健康关系中的作用

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01658-x

Lauren M. Hall, Yara Mekawi, Christy L. Erving, Jordan E. Parker, Kennedy M. Blevins, Tené T. Lewis

{"title":"The Role of Identity Shifting in the Link Between Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Mental Health","authors":"Lauren M. Hall, Yara Mekawi, Christy L. Erving, Jordan E. Parker, Kennedy M. Blevins, Tené T. Lewis","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01658-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01658-x","url":null,"abstract":"Although prior literature consistently reports associations between gendered racial microaggressions (GRM) and psychological symptoms, less is known about potential mediating and moderating mechanisms related to this association. We posit identity shifting—or self-adjustment to avoid stereotyping— as a potential factor. Additionally, we sought to clarify the moderating role of racial identity as it relates to identity shifting and GRM. Findings supported our hypothesis that GRM is indirectly associated with worse mental health outcomes through identity shifting. This hypothesized model was not contingent upon racial identity, despite significant associations between racial identity and identity shifting. Further, microaggressions intended to silence and/or objectify women had the strongest association with identity shifting. Overall, identity shifting may help to explain the association between gendered racial microaggressions and mental health. Further research using rigorous statistical and study design methods is required to validate this model. These findings may inform clinical practice and add to the literature on how systemic oppression impacts Black women.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discrimination Toward Transgender and Non-Binary People: The Moderating Roles of Political Conservatism and Religiosity in Hiring Decisions 对跨性别和非二元性别的歧视：政治保守主义和宗教信仰在招聘决策中的调节作用

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01613-2

Camille Gretton-Watson, Christopher A. Pepping

{"title":"Discrimination Toward Transgender and Non-Binary People: The Moderating Roles of Political Conservatism and Religiosity in Hiring Decisions","authors":"Camille Gretton-Watson, Christopher A. Pepping","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01613-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01613-2","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender and non-binary (TNB) people experience high rates of discrimination and are at greater risk of poor mental health compared to the general population. However, lacking is experimental evidence pertaining to factors that predict discrimination against TNB people, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Across two experimental employment evaluation studies (<italic>N</italic> = 940), we tested whether TNB job applicants would be rated more negatively than cisgender applicants, and whether these effects were mediated by anticipated liking. We also tested both political conservatism and religiosity as potential moderators. In Study 1 (<italic>N</italic> = 375, <italic>M</italic>age = 37.55 years), those who were more politically conservative viewed applicants as less competent and were less likely to recommend hiring the person when the applicant was TNB rather than cisgender. In Study 2 (<italic>N</italic> = 565, <italic>M</italic>age = 38.84 years), political conservatism (but not religiosity) again moderated the effects of applicant gender status on ratings of competence and hiring recommendation. In both studies, these effects were mediated by low anticipated liking. Results suggest that, compared with cisgender job applicants, conservatives view TNB applicants as less competent and less worthy of hiring because they like TNB people less than their cisgender counterparts. Further research is needed to investigate factors that might reduce prejudice against TNB people, particularly among those who are more politically conservative.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Fatness Politicize Women? Fat Women’s Narratives on Whether Fatness is a Feminist Issue 肥胖使女性政治化了吗？胖女人关于肥胖是否是女权主义问题的叙述

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01671-0

Breanne Fahs, Eric Swank

{"title":"Does Fatness Politicize Women? Fat Women’s Narratives on Whether Fatness is a Feminist Issue","authors":"Breanne Fahs, Eric Swank","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01671-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01671-0","url":null,"abstract":"Feminist scholars link anti-fatness to sexist body ideals and a relentless drive toward thinness enabled by patriarchal beauty norms (Gordon, 2020; Saguy, 2012). Fat activists, fat liberation writers, and feminist psychologists have long asserted that fatness is a feminist issue, including the highly impactful 2012 <italic>Sex Roles</italic> issue that interrogated the relationship between fatness and feminism (Chrisler, 2012; Fikkan & Rothblum, 2012; Saguy, 2012; Simic, 2016). Researchers have argued that fatness connects to cultural ideologies about bodies, power, patriarchy, and sexism. That said, qualitative researchers have not asked fat women to narrate their beliefs about links between fatness and political frameworks, a gap this study sought to fill. This study drew from semi-structured interviews with 20 fat women from a diverse community sample (<italic>M</italic>age = 40.4, <italic>SD</italic> = 11.83, 40% queer-identified, 50% women of color, wide range of body weights) collected across the United States to examine their feelings about whether fatness was a feminist issue. We found six themes in fat women’s responses: 1) Recognition of gendered double standards; 2) Fatness is how women are judged; 3) Fat women face overt discrimination; 4) Fatness has nothing to do with feminism; 5) Fatness has nothing to do with gender; and 6) Fat women deserve ridicule. Implications for how fatness and feminism were both aligned and misaligned, and how fat women attributed fatness both to systemic anti-fatness and to personal choices and “failures” were explored.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pervasive Ambiguity About Gender: Quantifying the Cognitive and Affect Experience of Disorientation Related to Changing Understandings of Gender in Society 关于性别的普遍模糊：量化与社会性别理解变化相关的定向障碍的认知和影响经验

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01678-7

Thomas J Billard, Walker West Brewer, Nash Jenkins

{"title":"Pervasive Ambiguity About Gender: Quantifying the Cognitive and Affect Experience of Disorientation Related to Changing Understandings of Gender in Society","authors":"Thomas J Billard, Walker West Brewer, Nash Jenkins","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01678-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01678-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the concept of pervasive ambiguity about gender to illuminate how individuals experience the destabilization of gender norms in contemporary society. Specifically, it considers how the increasing visibility of transgender and nonbinary identities, alongside broader transformations in the social organization of gender, have unsettled once-stable gender schemas. For many people, this change has produced a sense of pervasive ambiguity—an affective and cognitive experience of disorientation in which individuals struggle to interpret gendered meanings, locate themselves in gendered contexts, and resolve fundamental questions about identity and social norms. Building on Durkheim’s theory of anomie and Ball-Rokeach’s concept of pervasive social ambiguity, this article theorizes <italic>pervasive ambiguity about gender</italic> as a transitional, situational experience of sociocultural flux. It then operationalizes the concept through the development and validation of the Pervasive Ambiguity About Gender (PAAG) scale in a pair of studies conducted among adults in the U.S. The first study (<italic>N</italic> = 491) uses exploratory factor analysis to derive a reliable, nine-item scale. The second study (<italic>N</italic> = 501) then validates the PAAG scale’s factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis and demonstrates the scale’s convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validity. Together, these studies offer a novel conceptual framework and robust empirical tool for analyzing how individuals register and respond to sociocultural transformations in gender.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"55 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Man Up? How Men and Women Respond to Ads Portraying Men in Gender Counter-Stereotypical Roles 人了?男性和女性对男性反性别刻板印象广告的反应

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01665-y

Alessia Valmori, Sharon Coen, Claudia Manzi

{"title":"Man Up? How Men and Women Respond to Ads Portraying Men in Gender Counter-Stereotypical Roles","authors":"Alessia Valmori, Sharon Coen, Claudia Manzi","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01665-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01665-y","url":null,"abstract":"The negative effects of gender stereotypes have led many communication professionals to adopt strategies aimed at challenging them. One of these is counter-stereotypical advertising (CSA), based on representing men and women in non-traditional gender roles. However, little is still known about the actual effects of CSA and whether it truly leads to the intended outcomes. This study aims to examine these effects by focusing on CSA portraying men in domestic roles. In a two-wave repeated-measures experimental study ( N = 254), we examined how different types of domestic CSA affected people’s views about traditional gender roles. Participants were divided in three groups and exposed to different types of ads: CSA showing only men domestic roles, CSA showing men in domestic roles and women in counter-stereotypical roles, or control ads. Results showed that women who saw ads with counter-stereotypical roles became less traditional in their gender role beliefs, compared to women in the control group. However, men who saw the same counter-stereotypical role ads became more traditional in their views, showing a “backfire” effect. These findings suggest that CSA can have different effects depending on the audience, which is important for creating effective campaigns that promote gender equality. Practitioners in advertising, education, organizational management, and social policy should consider these differences when designing messages aimed at challenging traditional gender norms.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the F*** Am I Supposed to Explain That?: Gendered Sexual Socialization of Young Children Through Approaches to Sex Talk 我他妈该怎么解释？透过性谈话的方法探讨幼儿的性别性社会化

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01666-x

Yana Kuchirko, Anna Bennet, Anastasia Voron, Marimar Pérez De León, Tania Camarillo Contreras, Erika Niwa

引用次数: 0

Sexual Communication Self-Efficacy and Sexual Victimization Risk Among College Women Who Use Alcohol 饮酒女大学生的性沟通自我效能感与性受害风险

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01667-w

Emily K. Presutti, Madison K. Firkey, Nicolas Cardenas, Sarah E. Woolf-King

{"title":"Sexual Communication Self-Efficacy and Sexual Victimization Risk Among College Women Who Use Alcohol","authors":"Emily K. Presutti, Madison K. Firkey, Nicolas Cardenas, Sarah E. Woolf-King","doi":"10.1007/s11199-026-01667-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01667-w","url":null,"abstract":"Gendered sexual norms and power dynamics shape women’s ability to communicate sexual boundaries and negotiate consent, particularly within alcohol-involved contexts. Sexual communication self-efficacy is often conceptualized as an individual skill; however, it may reflect broader gendered constraints that influence sexual victimization risk. The current study investigated the association between sexual communication self-efficacy and sexual victimization frequency and severity among college women who drink. Participants were 199 cisgender, sexually active college women who completed self-reported measures of sexual communication self-efficacy, past-year alcohol use (AUDIT-C), and sexual victimization experiences as part of an experimental study on sexual refusal assertiveness among college women. Results indicated that lower sexual communication self-efficacy was associated with a higher frequency and severity of sexual victimization after controlling for age. Greater alcohol use was associated with increased victimization frequency and severity; however, it was not associated with sexual communication self-efficacy after controlling for age. Alcohol use significantly moderated the association between sexual communication self-efficacy and frequency of sexual victimization. Greater alcohol use and lower sexual communication self-efficacy exist in broader gendered contexts that may heighten vulnerability to sexual victimization among college women. These findings underscore the importance of bolstering self-efficacy around resisting sexual pressure and coercion—particularly in contexts involving alcohol—to empower women in the face of sexual victimization.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gendered Racism and Anticipated Pregnancy-Specific Stress Among Non-Pregnant Nulliparous Black, Latina, and Multiracial Women 性别种族主义和未怀孕未生育的黑人、拉丁裔和多种族妇女的预期妊娠特异性压力

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2026-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-026-01662-1

Emily Rehbein, Gianna Monte, Kim Muellers, Daiyah Williams, Chi-Chi Egodigwe, Marci Lobel, Lisa Rosenthal

引用次数: 0