IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01589-z

Crystal L. Hoyt, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson, Sylvia Chin, Alafair Cutler

{"title":"Gender Identity Awareness as a Shadow Pillar of the Gender Hierarchy: How It Can Undermine Women in Leadership","authors":"Crystal L. Hoyt, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson, Sylvia Chin, Alafair Cutler","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01589-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01589-z","url":null,"abstract":"Believing that differences between women and men should be recognized and valued—that is, endorsing gender identity awareness—is a common way of approaching gender diversity, including efforts to promote equity. However, such approaches can also reinforce stereotypes and justify existing inequalities, particularly when they reflect essentialist attributions for gender differences (Martin, 2023). To the extent that an identity awareness approach to managing gender diversity serves a system-justifying function, it should be associated with rejecting efforts focused on promoting women in the gender hierarchy, such as promoting women into leadership positions. Across five studies (one pre-registered; N = 1,421), we found that stronger beliefs in the fairness of the gender system predicted greater endorsement of gender identity awareness. Further, whether those who endorsed gender identity awareness supported or opposed gender-aware policies depended on the policy’s implications for the gender hierarchy: gender identity awareness predicted opposition to hierarchy-challenging policies and support for policies that reinforce traditional gender relations. These associations were driven in part by the endorsement of gender essentialism and rejection of opportunity attributions for gender differences. Finally, we provide preliminary experimental evidence suggesting that gender identity awareness functions as a motivated belief. This research offers insights into how gender identity awareness can undermine efforts to promote women in leadership.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptions of Trans Dating and Romantic Partners: The Role of Gender and Transphobia 对跨性别约会和浪漫伴侣的看法：性别和跨性别恐惧症的作用

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01586-2

Dirk Kranz

引用次数: 0

Gender, Self-Stereotyping, and Life Goals Predict Career Interest in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey 性别、自我刻板印象和人生目标预测德国、尼日利亚和土耳其的职业兴趣

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01579-1

Ihuoma Faith Obioma, Merve Nur Şahin, Yağmur Rumeli, Rolf van Dick, Alina S. Hernandez Bark

{"title":"Gender, Self-Stereotyping, and Life Goals Predict Career Interest in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey","authors":"Ihuoma Faith Obioma, Merve Nur Şahin, Yağmur Rumeli, Rolf van Dick, Alina S. Hernandez Bark","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01579-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01579-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how one’s gender, life goals, and self-stereotyping influence career interests in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey. We examined agency and communion traits, as well as future goals related to status and family, to explore how gendered self-perceptions and life goals are associated with career interests among emerging adults (18–25 years) and adults under the age of 35 (25–34 years). In Study 1, we analysed gender differences in self-stereotyping and gendered career interests across the three countries. Results showed no gender differences in agency in any country. In Germany, women rated themselves higher on communal than men. Men in Germany and Turkey reported greater interest in male-typed careers, but no gender differences emerged for female-typed career interests in any country. Study 2, extended these findings by testing mediation models with future goals and self-stereotyping as parallel mediators between gender and career interests. Mediation pathways differed by country. The indirect effect of communion and family goals was significant for female-typed career interests in Nigeria and Turkey. Agency and status goals indirectly influenced the relationship between gender and male-typed career interests in Turkey. These findings suggest that social expectations and cultural norms significantly influence career decisions. Implications for practitioners and policymakers, highlight cultural variation in gendered career interest pathways. Supporting egalitarian self-concepts in Germany, addressing traditional gender norms in Turkey, and considering both cultural expectations and socio-economic constraints in Nigeria to promote gender-equitable career choices.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating Abortion Stigma: Abortion Identity Centrality, Stigma Management Strategies, and Psychological Outcomes 流产污名化：流产身份中心性、污名化管理策略和心理结果

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01588-0

Kathleen O’Shea, Laurel B. Watson

{"title":"Navigating Abortion Stigma: Abortion Identity Centrality, Stigma Management Strategies, and Psychological Outcomes","authors":"Kathleen O’Shea, Laurel B. Watson","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01588-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01588-0","url":null,"abstract":"On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade in a landmark decision that reversed decades of legal precedent for abortion access at the national level, instead returning decisions about reproductive autonomy to individual states. This decision both reflects and produces abortion stigma, which has been linked to harmful psychosocial outcomes among abortion recipients. In a sample of 269 primarily White, heterosexual, cisgender women, this study sought to examine the relation between abortion stigma and psychological outcomes through abortion identity centrality. Additionally, we explored the role of two potential stigma-management strategies in these relations—abortion history disclosure and reproductive justice advocacy. Results indicated that abortion stigma was related to greater levels of distress and lower psychological well-being. The relation between abortion stigma and psychological well-being through abortion identity centrality was non-significant at high levels of reproductive justice advocacy, primarily due to advocacy’s buffering role in the relation between abortion identity centrality and psychological well-being. Furthermore, abortion stigma was significantly negatively related to psychological well-being at moderate to higher levels of disclosure. Mental health providers are encouraged to consider the roles of abortion stigma on the mental health of those who have experienced abortion, while also considering potential stigma-management strategies.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptions of Gender Role Discontinuity and Collective Nostalgia for Traditional Gender Relations Shape Men’s Support for Gender Equality 性别角色不连续性的认知和对传统性别关系的集体怀旧塑造了男性对性别平等的支持

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01578-2

Anna Stefaniak, Michael J. A. Wohl, Kate Higgison

{"title":"Perceptions of Gender Role Discontinuity and Collective Nostalgia for Traditional Gender Relations Shape Men’s Support for Gender Equality","authors":"Anna Stefaniak, Michael J. A. Wohl, Kate Higgison","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01578-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01578-2","url":null,"abstract":"Men’s gender roles have changed dramatically over the past few decades. We examined whether the evaluation of this discontinuity in men’s gender roles predicts cis men's attitudes toward gender equality, and whether nostalgic reverie for traditional gender relations mediates this association. Support was found for our hypothesized mediation model across three studies (and an internal meta-analysis of the main effects) conducted in two different countries (United Kingdom and United States): one correlational (N = 333) and two experimental (Ns = 368 and 432, respectively). Specifically, when discontinuity in men’s gender roles (measured or manipulated) was perceived to be negative relative to positive, men expressed greater nostalgia for traditional gender relations, which reduced support for gender equality. Results not only address a gap in understanding the factors that shape men’s attitudes towards gender equality but also inform the development of interventions that promote gender equality and challenge traditional gender roles and gender stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Stigma of Alcohol Use Among Young Women in a Mediterranean Drinking Culture: A Qualitative Study 地中海饮酒文化中年轻女性饮酒的耻辱：一项定性研究

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01571-9

Giovanni Aresi, Giulia Andrea Cerioli, Samuel Tomczyk, Elena Marta

{"title":"The Stigma of Alcohol Use Among Young Women in a Mediterranean Drinking Culture: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Giovanni Aresi, Giulia Andrea Cerioli, Samuel Tomczyk, Elena Marta","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01571-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01571-9","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the perspectives and culturally embedded experiences associated with the stigma of women consuming alcohol in Italy. A total of 80 Italian women (aged 18–28) with varying drinking profiles were selected to participate in focus group interviews. The interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis in accordance with the social process of stigma as delineated by Link and Phelan (2001). The findings revealed the pervasiveness of gendered social expectations regarding alcohol consumption, which are deeply embedded in broader societal relations between men and women. These relations are typified by the presence of double standards, power inequalities, and patriarchal narratives. Those who deviate from the social expectation of moderate drinking are at risk of being described as a deviant subgroup, separated from the mainstream, labeled using derogatory terms, objectified, and stereotyped as sexually promiscuous, unintelligent, and unfeminine. In conclusion, their moral character is called into question, and they face social disapproval and exclusion. Furthermore, they are more readily held responsible for experiencing sexual violence when drunk (status loss/discrimination). The findings can inform the development of stigma-informed alcohol prevention interventions and policies in countries that share similar collective gender expectations about alcohol use.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous Motherwork in Crisis: Caregiving, Resistance, and Community Survival During the COVID-19 Pandemic 危机中的土著母亲：COVID-19大流行期间的照料、抵抗和社区生存

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01584-4

Rory Glover, Margaret Mary Downey, Catherine E. O’Connor, Michelle Johnson-Jennings, Kristi Ka’apu

{"title":"Indigenous Motherwork in Crisis: Caregiving, Resistance, and Community Survival During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Rory Glover, Margaret Mary Downey, Catherine E. O’Connor, Michelle Johnson-Jennings, Kristi Ka’apu","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01584-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01584-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the lived experiences of Indigenous mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on caregiving strategies, resilience, and leadership within their families and communities while navigating systemic gendered and racial inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified long-standing structural inequities, disproportionately impacting Indigenous communities. As primary caregivers and cultural stewards, Indigenous mothers faced intensified burdens, including economic precarity, expanded domestic labor, and systemic exclusions. Their caregiving, however, functioned as a site of resistance, reinforcing intergenerational survivance and asserting Indigenous sovereignty through relational care. A total of 31 critical ethnographic interviews were conducted with Indigenous mothers following an Indigenous research framework. Interviews explored survival strategies, power dynamics, and responsibilities amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergent themes included prioritizing survival needs, navigating institutional barriers, and exercising cultural resilience in caregiving. Despite increased family community and sociopolitical stressors, Indigenous mothers demonstrated adaptability, leadership, and collective strength. Indigenous mothers demonstrated resilience and resourcefulness in sustaining their families and communities amid the COVID-19 crisis. Their experiences underscore the need for culturally responsive interventions and policies that recognize and support Indigenous mothering as a foundation for community well-being. Findings highlight the urgency of policy reforms, targeted resource allocation, and culturally affirming support systems that empower Indigenous mothers as leaders and caregivers. Investing in their well-being strengthens entire communities.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Role Violations in a Greedy Institution: Gender, Spouses' Military Status, and Servicemembers’ Marital Problems 贪婪制度下的社会角色冲突：性别、配偶的军事地位和军人的婚姻问题

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01585-3

Erika L. King, Elissa M. Hack, Graeme C. Bicknell, Brynn N. Crownover, Mark A. Oliver

{"title":"Social Role Violations in a Greedy Institution: Gender, Spouses' Military Status, and Servicemembers’ Marital Problems","authors":"Erika L. King, Elissa M. Hack, Graeme C. Bicknell, Brynn N. Crownover, Mark A. Oliver","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01585-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01585-3","url":null,"abstract":"Due to social role expectations, individuals who work in “gender atypical” occupations (i.e., occupations primarily comprised of workers of a different gender) often face unique job strains that may impede healthy intimate relationships (Yu & Kuo, 2021). At the same time, “greedy institutions” (i.e., those that expect total commitment from members, e.g., family, the military), demand members’ full commitment and may increase risk for marital problems. Women’s higher marriage rates to fellow strained professionals likely also contribute to work/family tension (Yu & Kuo, 2021). Still, little is known about how one’s gender and their spouse’s career are associated with specific marital problems in gender atypical, greedy institutions like the military. This study utilized the United States Air Force Community Feedback Tool (N = 28,745) to examine rates of and associations between gender, spouse military status, and types of marital problems endorsed by active-duty members (e.g., communication, divorce, abuse, living apart). Rate comparisons revealed that servicewomen endorsed higher rates of all types of marital problems than servicemen. After controlling for potential confounding variables, spouse military status moderated the relationship between gender and two problems likely exacerbated in greedy military institutions: changing roles and living apart. This finding suggests that servicewomen are bearing more marital burden overall, and only when men’s spouses serve do they experience similar marital problems. Results indicate that human resource policies and leadership practices are warranted that support dual-military/career couples (e.g., reducing unnecessary moves, providing targeted transitional assistance) as well as preventative and clinical interventions to mitigate severe problems disproportionately faced by women (e.g., community efforts to identify and mitigate risks of abuse and divorce).","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“For Some Reason, She Just Wasn’t Able to Have an Abortion”: Social Attitudes, Reproductive Autonomy, and the Taboo of Regret “出于某种原因，她就是不能堕胎”：社会态度，生育自主权，以及后悔的禁忌

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01583-5

Margaret Anne Johnson, Fiona Bloomer, Gyða Margrét Pétursdóttir

{"title":"“For Some Reason, She Just Wasn’t Able to Have an Abortion”: Social Attitudes, Reproductive Autonomy, and the Taboo of Regret","authors":"Margaret Anne Johnson, Fiona Bloomer, Gyða Margrét Pétursdóttir","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01583-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01583-5","url":null,"abstract":"Liberal abortion laws are crucial to the freedom of reproductive decision-making. However, even in countries like Iceland, which have high levels of gender equality and liberal abortion policies, women often feel constrained by socio-political rhetoric and traditional attitudes about motherhood. This paper examines the association between reproductive choice and potential regret in motherhood. Through in-depth interviews with 35 individuals in Iceland who can bear children, we investigate the tension between the decision not to have an abortion and feelings of regret about motherhood. Using thematic analysis, we explore three main themes relating to abortion attitudes: legitimacy and morality, the weight of responsibility, and the social and personal constraints to reproductive autonomy. The participants’ personal narratives reveal how socio-political discourses and attitudes surrounding abortion complicate the process of reproductive decision-making. The results suggest that the complexity arises when women struggle with the decision to end a pregnancy, feeling they have no real choice without a legitimate justification for having an abortion. These experiences can serve to minimize the negative discourse and social stigmas that are commonly associated with abortion in the public discourse. The findings can assist clinical, medical, and social welfare professionals by fostering a deeper understanding of the importance of reproductive autonomy and support in reproductive decision-making processes.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Intrapersonal Awareness of Nonverbal Behavior Associated With Gender: Development and Validation of the Gendered Mannerisms Scale 测量与性别相关的非语言行为的个人意识：性别化行为量表的开发和验证

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01580-8

Cheng Yu, Charlotte Chucky Tate

{"title":"Measuring Intrapersonal Awareness of Nonverbal Behavior Associated With Gender: Development and Validation of the Gendered Mannerisms Scale","authors":"Cheng Yu, Charlotte Chucky Tate","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01580-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01580-8","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the underexplored domain of self-reports of gendered nonverbal behaviors. We developed the Gendered Mannerisms Scale (GMS) to bridge self-perception and social perception of gendered nonverbal cues. Across three studies, the paper validates the GMS as a reliable self-report psychometric tool and determines which gendered nonverbal behaviors show consistent gender differences for cisgender heterosexual women and men in U.S. samples. The first two studies employed exploratory factor analysis with distinct samples from a U.S. data vendor platform to establish and replicate the GMS’s initial factor structure, demonstrating the scale’s robustness in capturing the self-reports of gendered nonverbal behaviors. The third study used a measurement invariance analysis with a community-based sample, further demonstrating the scale’s validity and its applicability to more racially/ethnically diverse and younger samples (than Studies 1 and 2). Finally, the four factors of self-reportable nonverbal gendered behavior consistently identified by the GMS are: (a) dynamic movements and open posture, (b) swaying gait, (c) gesticulations, and (d) closed posture. Importantly, the first factor (dynamic) may actually be more influenced by extraversion than gender.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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