IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01574-6

Hege H. Bye, Frida L. Måseidvåg, Samantha M. Harris

{"title":"Men’s Help-Seeking Willingness and Disclosure of Depression: Experimental Evidence for the Role of Pluralistic Ignorance","authors":"Hege H. Bye, Frida L. Måseidvåg, Samantha M. Harris","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01574-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01574-6","url":null,"abstract":"When experiencing depressive symptoms, many people delay or avoid seeking professional help. We investigate whether misperceptions of other’s willingness to seek help can be a potential barrier for help-seeking by examining pluralistic ignorance (i.e., when members of a group mistakenly believe that others’ cognitions or behaviors differ systematically from their own) in men and women’s perceptions of others’ help-seeking willingness. Experiment 1 (N = 2042) demonstrated that both men and women underestimate men’s willingness to seek formal help but showed no evidence of pluralistic ignorance in women’s perceptions of “most women’s” help-seeking. For both men and women, self-rated willingness to seek help was strongly associated with the perception that other men/women would seek help. Based on these results, we proposed that a lower willingness to disclose help-seeking for depressive symptoms among men could be a source of misperceptions of men’s help-seeking willingness. Experiment 2 (N = 1528) showed that men were less willing than women to disclose help-seeking for depression to friends and colleagues, which could contribute to misperceptions of men’s help-seeking willingness. We argue that pluralistic ignorance can be a barrier for men’s mental health help-seeking and discuss implications for interventions to increase the number of men who seek help when experiencing depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women’s Participation in Collective Action for Workplace Gender Equality: The Role of Perceived Relative Deprivation, Resentment, and Moral Conviction

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01573-7

Silvia Moscatelli, Silvia Mazzuca, Michela Menegatti, Monica Rubini

{"title":"Women’s Participation in Collective Action for Workplace Gender Equality: The Role of Perceived Relative Deprivation, Resentment, and Moral Conviction","authors":"Silvia Moscatelli, Silvia Mazzuca, Michela Menegatti, Monica Rubini","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01573-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01573-7","url":null,"abstract":"Gender-based collective action is essential to close widespread gender gaps in the workplace and pursue gender equality. To understand the processes underlying engagement in different forms of action, this research focused on women’s relative deprivation arising from the perception of unjust disparity between women’s and men’s conditions at work. Across one correlational (Study 1; N = 455) and one experimental study (Study 2; N = 320) conducted in Italy, we tested a serial mediational model linking perceived relative deprivation in the workplace to women’s engagement in collective action through resentment about gender inequalities at work and moral conviction to address gender inequality in the workplace. Two forms of collective action were considered: traditional collective action (i.e., organized action, such as signing a petition) and small acts in the workplace (i.e., more informal behaviors for gender equality). Results of the serial mediation model showed that perceiving relative deprivation was associated with a greater willingness to engage in collective action, and this association was explained through resentment and moral conviction. These findings suggest that raising awareness of gender discrimination in the work domain is a critical step toward increasing women’s mobilization to act for gender equality.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Fragility of Scientific Knowledge: A Case Study on the Miscitation of Findings on Gender Stereotypes

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01561-x

Christa Nater, Alice H. Eagly

{"title":"The Fragility of Scientific Knowledge: A Case Study on the Miscitation of Findings on Gender Stereotypes","authors":"Christa Nater, Alice H. Eagly","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01561-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01561-x","url":null,"abstract":"Miscitation of research findings is a common problem as evidenced by 19% of citations in top psychology journals being in error (Cobb et al., American Psychologist, 79:299–311, 2024). Such errors interfere with the orderly cumulation of knowledge. Providing a case study, this research examines the citations of a recent and highly cited article on gender stereotypes (Eagly et al., American Psychologist, 75:301–315, 2020), which found that communion, agency, and competence stereotypes each showed a distinctive trend over time. Analysis of the 751 documents that cited this article’s findings showed that overall, 59% of citations were accurate and 9% somewhat accurate, yet a surprisingly high rate of 32% were inaccurate. These inaccuracies most often misrepresented findings on agency with 37% of the citing articles being inaccurate, and among these inaccurate citations, 21% directly contradicted the findings by erroneously stating that the tendency to ascribe agency more to men than women had faded over time. Miscitations for the two other stereotype domains were less egregious. Of the communion citations, 25% ignored that the tendency to ascribe communion more to women than men has become stronger over time. Of the competence citations, 18% ignored that most people in recent years believe that women and men are equally competent. The discussion considers possible reasons for misciting findings on gender stereotypes, particularly for the agency stereotype that has favored men over women ever since the 1940s. We further expound on the feminist theme of the fragility of scientific knowledge, especially when research findings compete with preconceptions that people, including researchers, may have about the phenomena of gender.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some Gender Stereotypes Persist in Filipino TV Ads: A Content Analytic Investigation of TV Advertising in 2010 and 2020

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01568-4

Michael Prieler, Dave Centeno

引用次数: 0

Who Cares? Stereotypes of and Support for Men Working in Childcare

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01559-5

Serena Haines, Sabine Sczesny, Sylvie Graf

{"title":"Who Cares? Stereotypes of and Support for Men Working in Childcare","authors":"Serena Haines, Sabine Sczesny, Sylvie Graf","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01559-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01559-5","url":null,"abstract":"Men are vastly underrepresented in early childhood education and care, particularly in childcare work. To uncover stereotypes that motivate or hinder support for men in childcare in society, we employed a representative sample (N = 280) from Czechia, which has one of the lowest percentages of men working in childcare in the EU. We identified and contrasted descriptive, prescriptive, and proscriptive stereotypes about men, women, or childcare workers without a specified gender. Next, we examined the link between convergence of descriptive and prescriptive stereotypes about men in childcare and support for men working in childcare. In both open responses and trait ratings, men working in childcare were less often perceived or expected to be warm than women working in childcare. In the trait ratings, men working in childcare were less often expected to be moral and competent than women working in childcare. Yet, the overall stereotypical profiles of men converged with childcare workers with no gender information. Greater convergence between descriptive and prescriptive stereotypes about men working in childcare was associated with higher support for them. These findings highlight the specific role that normative beliefs play in support for men in childcare in the larger social environment.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Interventions for Transgender Prejudice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01558-6

Hailey A. Hatch, Ruth H. Warner, Margaret R. Grundy, Kolin B. Heck

{"title":"Effectiveness of Interventions for Transgender Prejudice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hailey A. Hatch, Ruth H. Warner, Margaret R. Grundy, Kolin B. Heck","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01558-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01558-6","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender people often experience discrimination and prejudice and these experiences have increased in recent years in countries such as the United States (e.g., increases in anti-transgender bills targeting gender affirming care). Past research has examined interventions to decrease transgender prejudice. In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to better understand the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing transgender prejudice, both overall and by intervention types (e.g., education, contact). We separated analyses based on research designs – i.e., pretest/posttest single group (PPSG) as well as pretest/posttest with control (PPWC) and posttest only with control designs (POWC). After screening, 35 PPSG studies with a total of 3,331 participants met the criteria and were included in the analyses. Additionally, 35 PPWC/POWC studies were combined and there was a total of 8,359 participants who met the criteria and were included in the analyses. We also conducted subgroup analyses on intervention types when there were at least five studies. We found that implementing interventions reduced transgender prejudice both compared to other conditions (via PPWC/POWC designs) and between time-points (via PPSG designs). Across both study design types, contact interventions were the only intervention type that significantly decreased transgender prejudice. These results suggest that interventions should continue to be implemented to reduce transgender prejudice and that researchers should aim to include some form of contact into their interventions.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“A Recipe for Disaster?”: Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01560-y

Alexandra N. Fisher, Danu Anthony Stinson, Anastasija Kalajdzic, Hannah E. Dupuis, Erin E. Lowey, Elysia Desgrosseilliers, Annie MacIntosh

{"title":"“A Recipe for Disaster?”: Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts","authors":"Alexandra N. Fisher, Danu Anthony Stinson, Anastasija Kalajdzic, Hannah E. Dupuis, Erin E. Lowey, Elysia Desgrosseilliers, Annie MacIntosh","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01560-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01560-y","url":null,"abstract":"Female breadwinner relationships (FBRs) occur when a woman earns more money than her male romantic partner. In four studies, we used diverse methods to document the threat that FBRs pose to heterosexual scripts (i.e., social conventions for heterosexual romance). First, a reflexive thematic analysis of 94 newspaper and magazine articles about FBRs identified themes concerning social stigma and feelings of gender threat (i.e., co-occurring feelings of gender nonconformity and inadequacy) that undermine well-being for FBRs, alongside themes concerning hope for a more egalitarian future. Next, two pre-registered experiments (Ns = 880 and 1612) revealed stigmatizing attitudes towards FBRs, which were perceived to be less desirable, worse quality, and less stable than male-breadwinner relationships. Finally, a cross-sectional study of married women and men (N = 511) affirmed that feelings of gender threat partially explained FBRs’ poor relationship outcomes. Across all four studies, and consistent with theories of fragile masculinity, men suffered worse gender threat than women in FBRs. These findings offer novel insight into heterosexual scripts and the punishing social consequences for people who violate those scripts and suggest that social stigma about FBRs may pose a barrier to gender equality in close relationships and in society.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When New Fathers Take More Leave, Does Maternal Gatekeeping Decline?

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01565-7

Reed Donithen, Sarah Schoppe-Sullivan, Miranda Berrigan, Claire Kamp Dush

引用次数: 0

Mind the Gap: Gender, Racial, and Educational Differences in American Gender Attitudes from 1977 to 2018

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01566-6

Xiaoling Shu, Kelsey D. Meagher

{"title":"Mind the Gap: Gender, Racial, and Educational Differences in American Gender Attitudes from 1977 to 2018","authors":"Xiaoling Shu, Kelsey D. Meagher","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01566-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01566-6","url":null,"abstract":"Despite dramatic changes since the 1970s, gender and educational gaps in gender egalitarian attitudes have persisted while the racial gap (with Blacks leading) has narrowed. We apply interest-based and socialization mechanisms to predict the differential influences of labor market influences on changing gender attitudes for different races, genders, and educational groups. Using 21 waves of the General Social Survey, 1977–2018 (N = 27,662), and cross-classified age-period-cohort models, we examine the effects of two known labor market dynamics that shifted Americans’ gender attitudes, gender equality in the labor force and men’s overwork, on egalitarian gender attitudes among different racial, gender, and educational groups. The findings indicate that rising labor force gender equality is associated with stronger shifts toward gender egalitarianism among whites, bringing their attitudes more in line with Blacks and closing the racial gap. The rise of men’s overwork in the mid-1990s coincided with the “stalled gender revolution” and is associated with rising conservatism among whites and the college-educated. The gender gap in attitudes has persisted in the last four decades and neither of these labor market dynamics has exerted any impact. Results align with the socialization perspective that individuals respond to labor market dynamics more in accordance with their socially prescribed roles than their self-interests.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Sexual Regret in Men: A Discourse Analysis

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-025-01564-8

Sharon Lamb, Aashika Anantharaman, Sarah Swanson, Rudolph Eiland

{"title":"Ethical Sexual Regret in Men: A Discourse Analysis","authors":"Sharon Lamb, Aashika Anantharaman, Sarah Swanson, Rudolph Eiland","doi":"10.1007/s11199-025-01564-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-025-01564-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical sexual regret refers to regret for acts during a sexual experience that questions one’s ethical behavior and may be an important concept in understanding and preventing sexual assault. Although sexual regret is relevant to discussions of consent and unwanted/coerced sex, few researchers have explored the concept, even fewer have explored the phenomenon in men, and none in queer men. In this discourse analytic study, we focused on male-identifying participants who were asked to write about a sexual experience about which they felt ethical regret. Discourses were categorized into five themes that informed the analysis. Several discourses revealed that heteronormative gendered social norms may offer men a way to position themselves as good men who had lapses of judgment rather than men who disregard their own morals for sexual advantage. When men were on the receiving end of sex that was uncaring, unfair, coercive or otherwise unethical, they positioned themselves as responsible for the harm, perhaps indicating a lack of availability of a victim discourse. We also noted an absence of a discourse that focused on care for the sexual partner. We discuss how examples of ethical sexual regret may guide future work related to facilitating sexually ethical encounters for men across sexual and gender identities.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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