Sex Roles最新文献_第10页

Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men 弄清男性威胁和传统男性意识形态与澳大利亚男性食肉和环保态度的关系

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01458-1

Claudio Neumann, Samantha K. Stanley, Diana Cárdenas

{"title":"Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men","authors":"Claudio Neumann, Samantha K. Stanley, Diana Cárdenas","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01458-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01458-1","url":null,"abstract":"Meat consumption needs to be reduced to limit climate change but achieving this requires understanding the drivers of meat consumption. In this study, we investigated two potential drivers—a contextual threat to masculinity and the stable individual difference of masculine ideology—and how they predict meat-eating intentions, attitudes, and environmentalism. Employing a sample of 375 Australian men, a population known for its high meat consumption, we did not find support that a contextual threat to men’s masculinity increased pro-meat attitudes or intentions. Instead, we found that prevailing views about masculine ideology significantly predicted meat-related attitudes and intentions, with avoidance of femininity associated with lower avoidance of meat and lower intentions to eat clean meat, and the endorsement of male dominance tied to lower pro-environmental responding. Our findings suggest that situational threats to masculinity may not robustly affect meat consumption intentions and highlight the importance of more stable individual differences in the conception of the male gender identity in maintaining men’s high meat consumption.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140534138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender and National Collective Narcissism: Gender Asymmetries and Obstacles to Gender Equality 性别与民族集体自恋：性别不对称与性别平等的障碍

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01443-8

{"title":"Gender and National Collective Narcissism: Gender Asymmetries and Obstacles to Gender Equality","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01443-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01443-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> To elucidate how ingroup identification is implicated in attitudes towards gender equality, it is important to consider that (1) people simultaneously identify with more (a nation) vs. less abstract groups (gender), and (2) gender collective narcissism is the specific aspect of ingroup identification likely to inspire opposite attitudes towards gender equality among men (negative) and women (positive), but (3) national narcissism is likely to align with men’s interests and inspire negative attitudes towards gender equality among men and women. In Study 1, we demonstrate that gender collective narcissism is the same variable among men and women. In Study 2, we show that among women (but not among men) in Poland, gender collective narcissism predicts intentions to engage in normative and non-normative collective action for gender equality. In Study 3, we show that gender collective narcissists among women endorse an egalitarian outlook, whereas gender collective narcissists among men reject it. In contrast, national narcissism predicts refusal to engage in collective action for gender equality and endorsement of an anti-egalitarian outlook among women and among men. Thus, national narcissism and gender collective narcissism among men impair pursuit of gender equality. Gender collective narcissism among women facilitates engagement in collective action for gender equality. Low gender collective narcissism among men and low national narcissism may also facilitate support for gender equality.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Bias in Perceptions of Military Leaders: Hostile Sexism Moderates Men’s Evaluations of Faces 军事领导人认知中的性别偏见：敌意性别歧视调节男性对面孔的评价

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01462-5

{"title":"Gender Bias in Perceptions of Military Leaders: Hostile Sexism Moderates Men’s Evaluations of Faces","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01462-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01462-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> In this study, we examined the role of dispositional sexism in male service academy cadets' evaluations of military leadership potential for sexually dimorphic male and female faces, with a particular focus on the impact of hostile sexism. Male cadets (N = 224) rated eight pairs of masculinized and feminized faces on 14 characteristics relevant to Army leadership and completed a measure of hostile and benevolent sexism. We tested a 2 (sex of face: male, female) × 2 (gender of face: masculine, feminine) × 2 (type of sexism: hostile, benevolent) × 2 (level of sexism: low, high) mixed model ANOVA with the first two variables as within subjects and the last two variables as between subjects and using composite leadership potential ratings as the dependent variable. Results indicated a significant three-way interaction between sex of face, gender of face, and levels of hostile (but not benevolent) sexism, whereby participants with elevated levels of antipathy towards women reported the least positive perceptions of military leadership potential for women with masculine facial features. These findings underscore the importance of addressing hostile sexism in military training and leadership development programs to promote equality and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual Objectification in Family of Origin Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation 原生家庭中的性客体化量表：开发与心理测量学评估

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01446-5

Dawn M. Szymanski, Rachel F. Carretta, Charlotte Strauss Swanson, Danielle Bissonette Mink, Grace Haring

{"title":"Sexual Objectification in Family of Origin Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation","authors":"Dawn M. Szymanski, Rachel F. Carretta, Charlotte Strauss Swanson, Danielle Bissonette Mink, Grace Haring","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01446-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01446-5","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we report the development and psychometric properties of scores on a new 8-item scale designed to assess women’s sexual objectification experiences in their family of origin: Sexual Objectification Experiences in Family of Origin Scale. Our participants were 827 young adult women, ranging in age from 18–30 years old, who filled out a web-based survey. We provide support for structural validity (via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and reliability (alpha and omega) for scores on this new measure. Supporting construct validity, Sexual Objectification Experiences in Family of Origin Scale was positively correlated with depression, disordered eating, self-objectification, internalization of cultural standards of beauty, and body shame. Associations with mental health and body image outcomes held true, even after controlling for interpersonal sexual objectification experiences and childhood sexual abuse, providing support for incremental validity. Mental health providers can use this scale as a clinical assessment tool to better understand the contextual factors that may be impacting young adult women’s struggles with body shame, depression, and disordered eating. It can also be used to inform treatment strategies that target family of origin concerns and the role of sexual objectification within the family unit on individual distress.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140064316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual Assault of a Rohingya Woman: Anti-Rohingya Statements Embolden Those High in Sexism to Report Anti-Victim and Pro-Perpetrator Reactions 一名罗兴亚妇女遭到性侵犯：反罗兴亚人的言论让那些性别歧视高发人群更加大胆地报道反受害者和支持犯罪者的反应

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01464-3

James Johnson, David N. Sattler, Gemma Roberts, Kim Dierckx

{"title":"Sexual Assault of a Rohingya Woman: Anti-Rohingya Statements Embolden Those High in Sexism to Report Anti-Victim and Pro-Perpetrator Reactions","authors":"James Johnson, David N. Sattler, Gemma Roberts, Kim Dierckx","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01464-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01464-3","url":null,"abstract":"Stateless and without citizenship, Rohingya women face elevated risks of sexual and gender-based violence. Notably, there has been little empirical examination of societal reactions to victimized Rohingya women and perpetrators. To address this lacuna of research, this study examines, with a sample from India, the roles of anti-Rohingya statements and hostile sexism in victim-directed and perpetrator-directed reactions to the sexual assault of a Rohingya versus Indian woman. Participants scoring high on sexism who were exposed to anti-Rohingya statements were more likely to engage in negative victim-directed responding (e.g., blaming) and positive perpetrator-directed responding (e.g., sympathy) when the victim was Rohingya. Anti-Rohingya statements had no impact in the Indian victim condition. Among low sexism participants, reactions to anti-Rohingya statement exposure did not vary as a function of victim ethnicity. The results imply that a collateral consequence of anti-Rohingya refugee statements may be to advance a “climate of social tolerance” for sexual violence against Rohingya women and embolden potential perpetrators, especially among majority group members who strongly endorse sexist beliefs. The findings underscore the need for greater societal awareness of the insidious effects of anti-refugee statements for Rohingya women, which could hopefully facilitate the development of effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intersex in the USA’s Best-Selling Undergraduate Psychology Textbooks: Uneven Critique in an Ongoing Scientific and Ethical Crisis 美国最畅销的本科心理学教科书中的双性人：持续的科学和伦理危机中的不平衡批判

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01456-3

{"title":"Intersex in the USA’s Best-Selling Undergraduate Psychology Textbooks: Uneven Critique in an Ongoing Scientific and Ethical Crisis","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01456-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01456-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> The field of intersex studies is advancing and requires scholars to update their knowledge and representation of people with intersex variations. To examine how psychology students are taught about people with intersex variations, we reviewed best-selling USA psychology textbooks in introductory psychology (n = 8), psychology of women and gender (n = 5), human sexuality (n = 4), and biological psychology (n = 3). All textbooks indexed intersex or cognate terms, with alternative terms (e.g., disorders of sex development) indexed less frequently. Intersex variations were described as emerging during the stages of sex development, and as challenging binary categories for sex. Several specific variations were commonly described as syndromes with little reference to psychological research or lived experiences. Women and girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were most clearly framed as “natural experiments” about how nature and nurture intersect. Diverse sex development involving 46 XY genotypes tended to be described as difference from norms for male endosex development. However, two textbooks included lengthy narratives of people’s lived experiences as intersex, and photographs of intersex-identified individuals were common. Photo images of the South African athlete Caster Semenya depicted more of her body than did the photo images of other intersex-identified individuals. The textbooks generally included critical reflection on the assumptions of a gender binary, and on the attribution of ambiguity to others’ bodies, genetic determinism, the medical gaze, and the sex testing of athletes. We consider how information in these textbooks can shape the representation of intersex among psychology students, and how it may be used to develop more humanizing representations of intersex across all psychology textbooks.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters 男性气质与安全套的使用：使用拒绝敏感性框架来理解女性在男女混合性接触中的安全套协商行为

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01452-7

Grace M. Wetzel, Rachel A. Cultice, Rebecca Cipollina, Diana T. Sanchez

{"title":"Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters","authors":"Grace M. Wetzel, Rachel A. Cultice, Rebecca Cipollina, Diana T. Sanchez","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01452-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01452-7","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has linked the masculine gender role with negative attitudes towards condoms and a lower likelihood of condom use. Expanding the construct of sexual rejection sensitivity, we propose that men’s greater precarious manhood beliefs will lead to greater condom rejection sensitivity, or anxiety about interpersonal rejection when negotiating condom use. Across two studies utilizing an undergraduate (Study 1; N = 382) and an online adult sample (Study 2; N = 347), cisgender men and women reported their precarious manhood beliefs (for women, their perception of their male partner’s precarious manhood beliefs), condom rejection sensitivity, sexual rejection sensitivity, condom use, and sexual satisfaction in their most recent mixed-gender sexual encounter. We examined the associations between these variables using path analyses separated by gender. Across both studies, we found that, for women, greater perceived precarious manhood beliefs about their partner significantly predicted greater condom rejection sensitivity, which predicted a lower likelihood of condom use. For men, greater endorsement of precarious manhood beliefs significantly predicted greater sexual rejection sensitivity, which predicted lower sexual satisfaction. For men, greater condom rejection sensitivity also predicted a lower likelihood of condom use. These findings add to the literature on the role of masculine gender role ideology in men’s and women’s sexual, romantic, and health outcomes, with particular importance for women’s condom negotiation and sexual health.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women 承认男性有道德感并受到性别陈规定型观念的伤害，会增强男性为女性采取集体行动的意愿

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01444-7

Alexandra Vázquez, Lucía López-Rodríguez, Marco Brambilla

{"title":"Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women","authors":"Alexandra Vázquez, Lucía López-Rodríguez, Marco Brambilla","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01444-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01444-7","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of far-right parties with antifeminist sentiments constitutes a new challenge in the path to gender equality. Here, we aim to identify strategies to promote men’s acceptance of social change towards equality. Thus, we first examined key concerns about gender equality held by far-right supporters through a discourse analysis of 120 men. The findings revealed a focus on male victimhood, the negation and only partial recognition of inequality, and the delegitimization of feminism. Given the centrality of victimhood in the discourse of far-right male supporters and its social relevance, we developed several non-confrontational strategies based on men’s suffering and supposed (im)morality, and then compared the effectiveness of these strategies for getting men to commit more to gender equality. Two experimental studies (n = 417 and 428 men) revealed that recognizing that men are generally moral or that they also suffer because of gender stereotypes led participants to increase their willingness to participate in collective action for women’s rights. In contrast, questioning their morality by denouncing men’s violence against women had no impact on their intentions. We conclude that non-confrontational strategies that address men's concerns about feminist advancement can prevent potential defensive reactions and make them more receptive to social change towards gender equality.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Delegitimization of Women’s Claims of Ingroup-Directed Sexism 女性对群体导向的性别歧视的主张的去合法化

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01463-4

Kerry E. Spalding, Rebecca Schachtman, Cheryl R. Kaiser

引用次数: 0

Understanding Perceptions of Gender Non-Binary People: Consensual and Unique Stereotypes and Prejudice 了解对性别非二元者的看法：共识与独特的陈规定型观念和偏见

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01449-2

Megan K. McCarty, Anna H. Burt

{"title":"Understanding Perceptions of Gender Non-Binary People: Consensual and Unique Stereotypes and Prejudice","authors":"Megan K. McCarty, Anna H. Burt","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01449-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01449-2","url":null,"abstract":"Gender non-binary people identify as neither exclusively men nor exclusively women. The current work represents some of the first quantitative investigations into stereotypes and prejudice directed towards gender non-binary people. In Study 1, 238 cisgender women and 156 cisgender men indicated how they thought cisgender men, cisgender women, gender non-binary people, and binary transgender people were perceived by American society on measures of competence, warmth, identity invalidation, and prejudice. In Study 2, 264 cisgender women and 151 cisgender men indicated how they personally perceived cisgender men, cisgender women, gender non-binary people, and binary transgender people on the same stereotyping and prejudice measures. In Study 3, 206 women and 283 men indicated how they personally perceived either men, women, or gender non-binary people on similar measures. Across all three studies and consistent with hypotheses, gender non-binary people were perceived as less competent, as having less valid identities, and as more likely to experience prejudice than men and women (ps < .05). Perceptions of warmth were inconsistent across the three studies. In Studies 1 and 2, gender non-binary people were perceived as more competent but as having less valid identities than binary transgender people. Study 3 did not include the binary transgender comparison but added new measures including one regarding perceptions of mental wellbeing and found gender non-binary people were perceived as having worse mental wellbeing than men and women (ps < .001). Identifying stereotypes surrounding gender non-binary people is an important first step in being able to reduce the bias they face. This work underscores the importance of research on the experiences of gender non-binary people specifically, as opposed to studying their experiences solely within larger umbrella identities such as transgender and gender non-conforming people (TGNC).","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"66 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0