Sex Roles最新文献

{"title":"Trans Across Generations: Shifts in Narratives of Gender, Transphobic Violence, and Community Support","authors":"Yalda Farokhi, Vanessa Mendoza, Ella Ben Hagai, Em Sanders, Tamar Antin, Paulina Ortega","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01476-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increased visibility, legal protections, and the affirmative paradigm of care have changed the living conditions of transgender people in liberal areas in the United States. Grounding our investigation in an intersectional framework (Ben Hagai et al., 2020), we ask how transgender people of different generations describe their gender identity, experience of oppression, and engage with community support. An in-depth analysis of 28 interviews with racially diverse, predominantly low-income, transgender participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area indicates a shifting understanding of trans identity across generations. Transgender participants who are part of the Baby Boomer generation described their gender as a journey that begins with gender dissonance and ends with an expression of one’s true gendered self. The participants of the Millennial generation used a narrative in which their gender was a space to be explored without a particular desired endpoint. Participants of both generations reported transphobic abuse, but those of the older generation experienced more violence and felt less agency combating family abuse; older participants tended to engage with the LGBTQ + community more than younger participants who relied on peer support. These findings can assist therapists, doctors, and educators in better serving trans people by providing inclusive care that affirms different ways of being trans across generational cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism","authors":"Thekla Morgenroth, Teri A. Kirby, Miriam K. Zehnter, Michelle K. Ryan","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01473-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An increasing number of people identify as feminists, but there is disagreement about whom and what feminism should be fighting for. Using a multi-method approach, across three studies (total <i>N</i> = 3,387), we examine (1) disagreements in today’s feminist movement and how these disagreements come together to form different ideological groups as well as (2) psychological variables associated with different feminist beliefs and ideologies. In doing so we establish a nuanced picture of contemporary feminism in the UK and the US. Study 1 used open-response data to identify topics on which today’s feminists disagree. Study 2 used exploratory factor analyses to examine how views on these topics hang together, resulting in eight feminist beliefs scales. Finally, Study 3 used cluster analysis to determine what ideological groups of feminists exist in quasi-representative samples from the US and the UK and explored the associations of these beliefs with relevant psychological constructs. Transgender issues, sex work, and the importance of marginalized perspectives were the most polarizing issues across studies, highlighting that feminists are more divided on the issue of <i>who</i> feminism should fight for, than <i>what</i> feminism should fight for. These studies show the heterogeneity of feminist ideologies and the continued barriers to a truly inclusive and intersectional feminist movement.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mean Girls in Disguise? Associations Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perpetration of Bullying Among Women","authors":"Ava Green, Claire M. Hart","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01477-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01477-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The literature on bullying perpetration is underpinned by gendered undertones, commonly portraying men as bullies given men’s greater tendency to exhibit stereotypically masculine and overtly grandiose features of narcissism. Due to the lack of gender-sensitive inventories employed, the association between narcissism and bullying perpetration among women remains understudied. Using an all-women sample (<i>N</i> = 314), the current study explored grandiose narcissism (overtly immodest and domineering) <i>and</i> vulnerable narcissism (hypersensitive and neurotic), the latter being more prevalent among women, in relation to bullying peers. Correlation analyses showed that vulnerable narcissism was positively associated with verbal, physical, and indirect bullying. At the subscale level, contingent self-esteem, devaluing, and entitlement rage were positively associated with all three types of bullying. Grandiose narcissism was positively associated with physical and verbal bullying, as was grandiose fantasy at the subscale level, and exploitativeness was positively associated with all three types of bullying. When grandiose and vulnerable narcissism were simultaneously entered into a regression model, only vulnerable narcissism emerged as a positive predictor of physical and verbal bullying. At the subscale level, devaluing positively predicted verbal and indirect bullying, whereas hiding the self negatively predicted indirect bullying. Expressions of vulnerable narcissism, more so than grandiose narcissism, may be relevant for bullying perpetration among women. Implications for anti-bullying interventions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating Profiles of Ethnocultural Gender Roles to Mental Health and Help-Seeking Attitudes among Latina Women","authors":"Martinque K. Jones, Melissa Briones-Zamora, Autumn Underwood","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01470-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01470-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Latina women report higher levels of psychological distress relative to Latino men (Fortuna et al. in J Clin Psychiatry 68(4):572–581, 2007; Wassertheil-Smoller et al. in Ann Epidemiol 24(11):822–830, 2014). Despite the prevalence and chronicity of mental health concerns among Latina women, rates of help-seeking are relatively low (Division of Diversity &amp; Health Equity in Mental health disparities: Hispanics and Latinos [Fact sheet]. American Psychiatric Association, 2017). In the current study, we drew from the cultural influences on mental health model (Hwang et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 28(2):211–227, 2008) to explore the extent to which Latina women’s perceptions of their ethnocultural gender role relates to their mental health and help-seeking attitudes. To achieve this objective, we first conducted a latent profile analysis to examine the potential for an empirically supported taxonomy of Latina women’s ethnocultural gender role based upon their reported endorsement of traditional ethnic values and mainstream gender role attitudes. Then, we explored how profiles of Latina women’s ethnocultural gender role, as revealed by the taxonomy, may be associated with women’s mental health and help-seeking attitudes. Results revealed four profiles of Latina women’s ethnocultural gender role (i.e., Integrationist, Separationist, Assimilationist, and Marginalist) that were associated with women’s help-seeking attitudes, but not their mental health. Women in the Integrationist and Assimilationist profiles reported more positive help-seeking attitudes compared to women in the other two profiles. The implications of this study include advancing our understanding of Latina women’s cultural identity, mental health, and help-seeking attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men’s Perception of Women’s Passive Sexual Responses Impacts Their Decision-Making During Simulated Hookups","authors":"Samantha L. Anduze, Michael T. Shaw, Bridget N. Jules, Emily R. Ives, Allison M. McKinnon, Richard E. Mattson","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01468-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01468-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A woman’s passive response to a sexual advance can be misconstrued by men as signaling consent when it does not. Characterological factors and situational variances may further shape how men perceive a woman’s passive response and impact their sexual decisions during hookups, leading to unwanted sexual experiences for the partner. A sample of men (<i>n</i> = 357) completed first-person factorial vignettes depicting a sexual hookup in which a woman reacts to their partner’s sexual advance passively, either with or without signs of tension. Men were asked to rate their perceptions of consent and their hypothetical likelihood of engaging in different sexual behaviors, and completed assessments that were used to extract hostile masculinity and impersonal sexual orientation factors. Consent perceptions had strong effects on men’s sexual decision-making and mediated situational influences (e.g., passive response type), impersonal sexual orientation, and, to some extent, hostile masculinity; and hostile masculinity had strong direct effects on sexual decision-making irrespective of consent perceptions. Men can discriminate between passive responses and appear to calibrate their decision-making according to their perceptions of consent. Some men, however, are prone to perceive consent in passive responding irrespective of the situation, with others inclined to continue or advance intimacy without considering the woman’s level of consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality","authors":"Alexandra N. Fisher, Michelle K. Ryan, Yuan-Hsi Liao, Gosia Mikołajczak, Larisa Riedijk, N. Pontus Leander, Georgios Abakoumkin, Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom, Vjollca Ahmedi, Maximilian Agostini, Moshin Atta, Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Edona Berisha Kida, Allan B. I. Bernardo, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Hoon-Seok Choi, Mioara Cristea, Kaja Damnjanovic, Ivan Danyliuk, Daniela Di Santo, Karen M. Douglas, Violeta Enea, Gavan J. Fitzsimons, Ángel Gómez, Ben Gützkow, Ali Hamaidia, Mai Helmy, Joevarian Hudiyana, Veljko Jovanović, Veljko Jovanović, Anna Kende, Shian-Ling Keng, Tra Thi Thanh Kieu, Yasin Koc, Jannis Kreienkamp, Anton Kurapov, Nóra Anna Lantos, Edward P. Lemay, Adrian Lueders, Najma Iqbal Malik, Kira O. McCabe, Jasmina Mehulić, Erica Molinario, Manuel Moyano, Hayat Muhammad, Hamdi Muluk, Claudia F. Nisa, Boglárka Nyúl, Paul A. O’Keefe, Jose Javier Olivias Osuna, Evgeny Osin, Joonha Park, Gennaro Pica, Antonio Pierro, Jonas Rees, Anne Margit Reitsema, Mari..","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01453-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01453-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift toward a more traditional division of labor–one where women took greater responsibility for household tasks and childcare than men. We tested whether this regressive shift was more acutely perceived and experienced by women in countries with greater gender equality. Cross-cultural longitudinal survey data for women and men (<i>N</i> = 10,238) was collected weekly during the first few months of the pandemic. Multilevel modelling analyses, based on seven waves of data collection, indicated that a regressive shift was broadly perceived but not uniformly felt. Women and men alike perceived a shift toward a more traditional division of household labor during the first few weeks of the pandemic. However, this perception only undermined women’s satisfaction with their personal relationships and subjective mental health if they lived in countries with higher levels of economic gender equality. Among women in countries with lower levels of economic gender equality, the perceived shift predicted higher relationship satisfaction and mental health. There were no such effects among men. Taken together, our results suggest that subjective perceptions of disempowerment, and the gender role norms that underpin them, should be considered when examining the gendered impact of global crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishing Women for Miscarriage: The role of Political Orientation and Hostile Sexism","authors":"Jocelyn Chalmers, Leif Woodford, Robbie M. Sutton","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01467-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01467-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Women’s reproductive autonomy is an ideologically divisive issue, and this divisiveness goes beyond just attitudes toward abortion to include other outcomes such as miscarriage. Previous research has established that hostile sexism is positively associated with punitive attitudes toward pregnant women who flout conventional pregnancy proscriptions. Across three studies (<i>N</i>_<i>1</i> = 296; <i>N</i>_<i>2</i> = 580, <i>N</i>_<i>3</i> = 308) we conceptually replicated this research while shifting the focus from abstract attitudes to concrete policies punishing women for miscarriage, and moving beyond hostile sexism to examine the role of political orientation (including libertarianism). In all three studies, hostile sexism remained a significant positive predictor of support for punishing women for miscarriage even after controlling for political orientation. Conservative and libertarian self-identification were positively associated with support for punishment at zero-order, and in multiple regressions adjusting for sexism and demographic variables, conservatism remained significantly positively related to support for punishment in two studies. Libertarianism was no longer a significant predictor of support for punishment after adjusting for sexism; with this in mind, we conducted mediation analyses and found significant indirect paths from libertarian identification through hostile sexism in two of the three studies. These findings provide evidence for the role of sexism and political ideology in the increasingly punitive post-Roe vs. Wade United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masculinity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Mixed Gender Canadian Youth","authors":"Kyle T. Ganson, Nelson Pang, Rachel F. Rodgers, Alexander Testa, Stuart B. Murray, Jason M. Nagata","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01469-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prior research has documented an association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology. However, much of this research has been limited to samples of men. To address this important gap in the research, the aim of this study was to determine the association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among a gender-diverse sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults. Data from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors (<i>N</i> = 2,719) were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to estimate the association between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, clinical risk for muscle dysmorphia, and lifetime anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use, among the overall sample and stratified by gender. Conformity to masculine gender norms was positively associated with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, clinical risk for muscle dysmorphia, and lifetime AAS use among the sample. Moreover, findings were similar among boys and young men, girls and young women, and transgender/gender-expansive participants. Findings underscore the relevance of masculine gender norms in relation to the pursuit of muscularity among adolescents and young adults. Future research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the link between conformity to masculine gender norms and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology across genders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dangerous Motivations: Understanding How Marginalization Relates to Benevolent Sexism Through Threat Perceptions","authors":"Tangier Davis, Solangel C. Troncoso, Martinque K. Jones, Kathrina Robotham, Isis H. Settles","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01466-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01466-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, we draw from ambivalent sexism and frameworks centering marginalization to investigate how individuals’ marginalized race or gender identity influences their perceptions of benevolent sexism. We conducted an experimental scenario study during which a sample of Black and White adult participants (<i>n</i> = 325; <i>M</i>_age = 25.89 years) read a vignette about an interaction where a man student (perpetrator) gives a protective justification for restricting a woman student’s (target) involvement in one of two tasks for a class project. Participants were then asked about how dangerous they believed the tasks were, how they believed the woman target felt after her behavior was restricted, and whether they believed the man perpetrator had benevolent or malevolent motivations behind his restrictive behavior. We theorized that participants with marginalized race-gender identities would be more sensitive to threat, and consequently, that they would be more accepting of paternalistic behaviors. Our results supported the hypotheses: we found that compared to White men, participants with marginalized race and/or gender identities perceived the restricted task described in the vignettes as more dangerous and were consequently more likely to perceive the woman target as feeling more positively about her treatment and to perceive the man perpetrator as having more benevolent (and less malevolent) motivations for his behavior. These results suggest that individuals’ marginalized race or gender identities may influence their perceptions of benevolent sexism through their impact on how members from these groups perceive threat. The implications of study findings for future research and policy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men","authors":"Claudio Neumann, Samantha K. Stanley, Diana Cárdenas","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01458-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01458-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meat consumption needs to be reduced to limit climate change but achieving this requires understanding the drivers of meat consumption. In this study, we investigated two potential drivers—a contextual threat to masculinity and the stable individual difference of masculine ideology—and how they predict meat-eating intentions, attitudes, and environmentalism. Employing a sample of 375 Australian men, a population known for its high meat consumption, we did not find support that a contextual threat to men’s masculinity increased pro-meat attitudes or intentions. Instead, we found that prevailing views about masculine ideology significantly predicted meat-related attitudes and intentions, with avoidance of femininity associated with lower avoidance of meat and lower intentions to eat clean meat, and the endorsement of male dominance tied to lower pro-environmental responding. Our findings suggest that situational threats to masculinity may not robustly affect meat consumption intentions and highlight the importance of more stable individual differences in the conception of the male gender identity in maintaining men’s high meat consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140534138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}