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Initial anchors and limited information in learning-to-forecast experiments 学习预测实验中的初始锚和有限信息
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.038
{"title":"Initial anchors and limited information in learning-to-forecast experiments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I introduce two novel treatments into learning-to-forecast experiments: an initial anchor and a limited information treatment. The initial anchor pins down the subjects’ initial expectations and makes cross-session results more comparable. In the limited information treatment, subjects can only observe the most recent market outcome. Surprisingly, price dynamics do not differ between full and limited information sessions. This suggests that when making decisions, subjects disregard most information and rely primarily on a few recent observations. Furthermore, regardless of the market’s feedback system, positive or negative, subjects predominantly use a single heuristic to form expectations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the theory and measurement of relative poverty using durable ownership data 关于利用持久所有权数据衡量相对贫困的理论和方法
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.009
{"title":"On the theory and measurement of relative poverty using durable ownership data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poverty measurement using durable ownership data is an attempt to infer income <em>constraints</em> by observing consumption <em>choices</em>. But what drives household spending choices on durable goods? How do these choices relate to poverty and class? What does it mean to be ‘relatively’ poor and why should we care to measure it?</p><p>In this paper, we propose an economic theory of household decision-making that links these questions using a novel wealth-begets-wealth mechanism. We show that the steady state distribution of total (accumulated) household durable expenditures in this model exhibits natural clusters (classes). Furthermore, certain households may be vulnerable to a long run ‘poverty of opportunities’, being unable to access any of the channels of income generation available in society.</p><p>Our model shows that relative poverty can be understood as the endogenous outcome of an intergenerational process that perpetuates unequal access to opportunities. This finding has novel implications for the measurement of poverty, which has traditionally hinged on definitions that assume exogenous (often arbitrary) cutoffs.</p><p>The contribution of this paper also lies in its novel methodology, viz., formulating a theoretical model as the foundation of a data-generating process for synthetic observations, using patterns observed therein to inform the process of poverty measurement. The methodology delivers a framework for generating testable hypotheses around the long-run effect of policy changes (such as income transfers or education subsidies) on relative poverty – an approach that can be applied generally to understand the observed behaviour of economic agents in complex dynamic settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124001835/pdfft?md5=317ac440456d5d9696a0d7d9b39fe805&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124001835-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complementarities and intergenerational educational mobility: Theory and evidence from Indonesia 互补性与代际教育流动性：印度尼西亚的理论与证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.025
{"title":"Complementarities and intergenerational educational mobility: Theory and evidence from Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We adapt the Becker et al. (2015) model to study intergenerational educational mobility in Indonesia with a focus on the role of complementarities. We develop an empirical methodology for testing whether parental financial investment is complementary to school quality and parent’s education. The empirical analysis is based on two estimating equations derived from the model: a quadratic mobility equation specifying the association between a father’s and his children’s schooling, and a linear investment equation specifying the optimal financial investment in children’s schooling as a function of fathers’ schooling. We find that the mobility curve is convex in rural, and linear in urban areas, even though parental education is complementary to financial investment in both locations. School quality is complementary to investment in all rural households but only in educated urban households. It is a substitute in uneducated urban households. Public investment in school quality is expected to improve absolute mobility in most households, but worsen relative mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002075/pdfft?md5=43d7b789de3b0418c6d3ef42d035aefe&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The intergenerational effects of language proficiency on child health outcomes: Evidence from survey- and Census-matched health care records 语言能力对儿童健康结果的代际影响：来自调查和人口普查匹配的医疗记录的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.006
{"title":"The intergenerational effects of language proficiency on child health outcomes: Evidence from survey- and Census-matched health care records","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Language proficiency is a crucial skill for immigrants that influences their social integration and their children’s development. This study examines the intergenerational effects of limited English proficiency (LEP) on children’s health and health care utilisation. We mitigate potential selection issues arising from insurance coverage by examining Australian-born children who are all covered under a universal public health insurance scheme. We use Australian population Census and longitudinal survey data linked to administrative health care records, and variation in parent’s language acquisition, based on their age at arrival into Australia. We find that parental LEP has a strong and positive effect on children’s use of general practitioners, but no effect on their use of other healthcare services, or on their physical or mental health. We explore several possible supply- and demand-side explanations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016726812400266X/pdfft?md5=c65b0d95117ddfe2bc3ce053b4e045b9&pid=1-s2.0-S016726812400266X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of EU enlargement on immigrants’ mental health 欧盟扩大对移民心理健康的影响
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.035
{"title":"The impact of EU enlargement on immigrants’ mental health","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper<span><span><sup>2</sup></span></span>we explore the impact of the 2007 European Union enlargement to Romania and Bulgaria on the mental health of documented immigrants from these countries who arrived in Italy before 2007. Using data from a unique administrative data set for the Italian Lombardy region and by employing a difference-in-differences individual fixed effect estimator, we find that this enlargement caused a significant improvement in the mental health of young male immigrants. To shed light on the mechanisms behind these results, we use data from a unique survey administered in the Lombardy region and show that the enlargement mitigates sources of health concerns and increases income and employment stability through permanent job contracts for young male immigrants. Overall, these findings suggest that enhanced labour market conditions due to enlargement may lead to a subsequent important decrease in psychological distress among immigrants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002531/pdfft?md5=0d995835b00b61176998126d37907906&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002531-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentives and performance under two-dimensional moral hazard 二维道德风险下的激励与绩效
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.037
{"title":"Incentives and performance under two-dimensional moral hazard","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores how an agent’s incentives map into her performance. We let the agent choose how much effort to invest and which project to implement. We show that the relationship between an agent’s incentives to perform and her expected performance could be negative and we characterize alternative conditions for a negative relationship. This also holds true when the principal instead of the agent makes the project choice. We thereby show that the you-get-what-you-pay-for principle is not robust and offer a non-behavioral explanation for the failure of incentives. The results have implications for regulation and ownership structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002555/pdfft?md5=9a78c9593eefd09f19cca3fd482f62f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002555-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Estimating the Effects of the Minimum Wage Using the Introduction of Indexation” [Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 184 (2021) 388-408] 采用指数化方法估算最低工资的影响》[《经济行为与组织期刊》184 (2021) 388-408] 更正
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.036
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Estimating the Effects of the Minimum Wage Using the Introduction of Indexation” [Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 184 (2021) 388-408]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002543/pdfft?md5=a080edc407cef6fff8c0c3ea44f87b5c&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Young versus old politicians and public spending priorities 年轻政治家与老政治家以及公共开支的优先次序
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.002
{"title":"Young versus old politicians and public spending priorities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Do young politicians prioritize other types of municipal spending than old politicians? We study this question using hand-collected candidate-level data on municipal elections (1996–2020), along with detailed administrative data on municipal spending in Bavaria. Our identification strategy makes use of within-party candidate-level races for marginal seats. Our findings indicate that municipalities with a higher proportion of young councilors allocate more resources to social spending. Further analysis reveals that this social spending increase is primarily driven by the expansion of public child care. Exploring mechanisms, we find evidence suggesting that young councilors affect policy choices indirectly through between- and within-party bargaining.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002609/pdfft?md5=c3e5ae887975ba2ec51d057afc92b3c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adoption of abatement technology in an uncertain world: An experiment 在不确定的世界中采用减排技术：一项实验
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.010
{"title":"Adoption of abatement technology in an uncertain world: An experiment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper embeds the decision to invest in abatement technology in a social dilemma game while endogenizing the probability of environmental hazard. Both the model and a laboratory experiment show that risk-averse agents invest less in abatement, particularly when the probability of environmental damage is high. Specifically, an inverted-U relationship between investment in abatement technology and risk aversion is observed. I also find that the Bayesian Value of a Statistical Life (BVSL) correlates positively with saving and negatively with both production and abatement technology. The results suggest that uncertain damage from nature negatively affects abatement technology adoption but promotes group efficiency at low damage probabilities, while it is counterproductive for group efficiency when the probability is high. While uncertainty can bring a short-term increase in cooperation, it fails to curb the tendency towards overuse in the long run.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does mandatory retirement saving crowd out voluntary retirement saving? 强制退休储蓄是否会挤掉自愿退休储蓄？
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.024
{"title":"Does mandatory retirement saving crowd out voluntary retirement saving?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use administrative data from a large public university to study employee responses to mandatory retirement saving, which represent a policy alternative to nudges. In response to a substantial increase in mandatory saving, we observe full crowd-out of voluntary saving for a subset of low-contributing low earners and high-contributing high earners, but otherwise little crowd-out for most employees. On average, only 30 percent of the mandatory contributions are offset by lower voluntary contributions. Our results suggest that mandatory retirement saving is likely to increase total retirement saving.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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