Transport Policy最新文献

{"title":"War and geopolitics in the skies: The 12-day Iran-Israel conflict versus airspace safety","authors":"Mohamed Ben Saed,&nbsp;Abdusalam Faraj Ben Omar ,&nbsp;Ghazallah Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of geopolitical conflict on airspace safety, using the twelve-day Iran-Israel conflict in June 2025 as a central case study. Drawing from international relations and international law theory, this paper studies how political decision-making, legal frameworks, and strategic military operations converge to shape the safety and airspace governance. Despite growing threats to air traffic safety in conflict zones, there remains a significant gap in the literature that integrates international law, political ambition, and aviation regulation into a single analytical framework. To address this gap, this study employs a novel qualitative methodology that combines theoretical insights from international law and politics with real-world evidence, including military deployments, using Abbott's framework of international relations and international law. This article applies qualitative analysis of state actions, politicians' behaviors, and geopolitical strategies, supported by secondary data from international news outlets.</div><div>We find that political leaders personal character and ambitions, and military strategies often override airspace safety governance, posing sever risks to air traffic safety management. The study also highlights the limited enforcement capacity of UN-specialized organizations like the ICAO, raising critical question about international aviation governance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>air traffic safety in war zones cannot be effectively safeguarded without stronger legal enforcement and coordinated political will. Bridging international law and aviation safety governance is crucial for managing international airspace safety.</div></div><div><h3>Practical implications</h3><div>this article calls for stronger ICAO-led coordination during armed conflicts, improved intelligence sharing by states, enhanced airline risk assessment tools, and the establishment of rapid-response aviation safety task force to issue timely, unified safety advisories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of inter-country differences on transportation carbon emission transfer","authors":"Liang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenggang He","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-border differences shape the generation and transfer of carbon emissions through international transport. This study develops a sector-specific accounting framework by integrating an environmentally extended multi-region input–output (EE-MRIO) model with interpretable machine learning. Our framework tracks and explains bilateral carbon transfers among 64 nations from 2000 to 2018. We first compute annual country-pair transfer matrices. Key drivers are then identified using the CatBoost algorithm, which employs Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning after mutual-information screening and recursive feature elimination. Model explanations are derived from SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. Subsequently, bilateral transfer pathways are classified via hierarchical clustering. Results indicate a steady increase and an eastward shift in transport-related carbon transfers. By 2018, China had become both the largest exporter and importer. Transport-specific indicators are dominant mechanisms: stronger liner-shipping connectivity, container port traffic, and international tourism amplify transfers, whereas rail development suppresses them. Disparities in manufacturing capacity and technological capability reduce outward transfers. This suggests that industrial upgrading and innovation help mitigate carbon spillovers. Clustering analysis reveals three recurrent pathway typologies: (1) a specialized transport–innovation pattern; (2) an investment–manufacturing intensive pattern; and (3) a background pattern with weak transport-specific drivers. Policy implications highlight the need for tailored interventions, such as establishing green corridors, fostering industrial collaboration for modal shift, and promoting system-wide digitalization. The integrated EE-MRIO and machine-learning approach offers a scalable and interpretable tool for sectoral mitigation analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104006"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A taste of the commute-free life: Post Covid-19 remote work expectations, travel time and commute modes","authors":"Ugo Lachapelle ,&nbsp;Richard Shearmur ,&nbsp;Priscilla Ananian","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pandemic-induced experience of remote work for many office workers is changing the relationship to the workplace. Several factors can create push and pull forces on remote work expectations: return-to-work mandates, home-office feasibility and habits. Daily commuting also constitutes a friction associated with workplace presence, and work from home (WFH) desirability.</div><div>We assess the relationship between mode-specific commute duration and expectation to WFH more post-pandemic. We hypothesize that workers with longer commute before Covid-19 that were able to reduce their travel during the pandemic through WFH are more likely to expect to WFH more than they did before Covid-19 once the pandemic has receded. This may vary depending on commuting mode.</div><div>In the summer of 2020, we conducted a phone survey of Montréal (Canada) workers to understand the impact of Covid-19 on work organization and work locations (n = 1126). The survey included recall measures of WFH, commuting mode and commute time in February 2020, before initial lock-downs. It also included a qualitative expectation of WFH post Covid-19. The relationship between mode-specific commute duration and expectation to WFH more post-pandemic is assessed using a multinomial logit model. Ability to telework, having experienced telework, enjoyment of WFH and socio-demographic characteristics are key control variables. New adoption of WFH during the pandemic provided a quasi-experimental setting to study the impact of mode-specific commute times on WFH expectations.</div><div>For auto and transit users, higher pre-pandemic travel time was associated with expecting to WFH more than pre-Covid-19. Improving commuting conditions for transit commuters may support a return to pre-pandemic mode shares for those returning to the office. Active transport commute time was not associated with expecting to WFH more, likely (especially for walkers) because of the expected enjoyment derived from active transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104012"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of inter-city commuters toward high-speed rail and transfer services quality: An importance-performance analysis of the Suzhou-Shanghai corridor","authors":"Jia Guo ,&nbsp;Meng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore how inter-city commuters evaluate the quality of high-speed rail (HSR) services in the Suzhou–Shanghai corridor, this study highlights the importance of HSR for economic integration and mobility across cities, offering a fast, safe, and comfortable travel option. It underscores that HSR has emerged as a widely adopted commuting mode for many inter-city commuters, particularly those residing in smaller cities but working in larger metropolitan areas. The paper delves into various factors affecting passenger satisfaction, such as comfort, punctuality, security, and the ease of connections between other transport modes and HSR stations. By examining Suzhou–Shanghai high-speed rail commuters through importance–performance analysis, this research assesses the gaps between intercity commuting passengers' expectations and the actual performance of HSR and transfer services. Key findings indicate that aspects of service quality such as train fares, quiet conditions on trains, and parking availability at HSR stations require improvement. HSR services overall achieve relatively high satisfaction, which scores 3.88, but significant disparities exist in transfer experiences: commuters using public transport for transfers report lower satisfaction (3.6), while those opting for self-driving or ride-hailing show notably higher satisfaction (4.11). This highlights that transfer links are critical to shaping the holistic HSR commuting experience. Public transport currently acts as a bottleneck due to issues such as poor synchronization and comfort, whereas private and on-demand options better meet commuters’ needs for timeliness, reliability, and comfort. Enhancing overall HSR commuter satisfaction thus requires optimizing the entire transfer ecosystem, particularly improving public transport transfer services. The study concludes by offering recommendations to policymakers and HSR operators on how to enhance service quality, improve commuter satisfaction, and increase inter-city HSR ridership by addressing operational inefficiencies and service gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode choice between metro, bus, and ride-hailing: Revealed preference evidence with crowding effects","authors":"Raúl Pezoa ,&nbsp;Franco Basso ,&nbsp;Marco Batarce ,&nbsp;Louis de Grange ,&nbsp;Rodrigo De La Puerta ,&nbsp;Fernando Feres ,&nbsp;Mauricio Varas","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of ride-hailing platforms has fundamentally altered urban mobility patterns, creating new competitive dynamics with established public transit systems. This study examines modal preferences using trip-level behavioral data from Santiago, Chile, combining smart card transactions and ride-hailing records to understand how travelers trade off service attributes. Our analysis employs econometric models that address endogeneity in both crowding levels and dynamic pricing through instrumental variables. Results demonstrate that passenger density significantly amplifies travel time disutility, with crowding effects substantially higher than previous stated preference estimates suggest. In this regard, the presence of a premium mobility alternative increases commuters’ aversion to crowded conditions. These findings have significant policy implications, as they suggest that in contexts where premium mobility alternatives are available or emerging, capacity planning based on traditional crowding valuations may be inadequate for contemporary urban environments and could result in insufficient public transportation provision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Street space reallocation under austerity: The case of low traffic neighbourhoods in the UK","authors":"Ersilia Verlinghieri ,&nbsp;Rachel Aldred ,&nbsp;Harrie Larrington-Spencer ,&nbsp;Anna Goodman ,&nbsp;Emma R. Lawlor ,&nbsp;Luz Navarro ,&nbsp;Haneen Khreis ,&nbsp;Anthony Laverty","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street space reallocation measures, such as Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs), have attracted substantial controversy in the UK and elsewhere, for instance around reported poor engagement with residents and local actors. However, limited attention has been given to the political-economic context shaping scheme implementation, such as the impacts of reduced resources or of the use of short-term, contingent funding. Based on 37 interviews with officers and councillors who implemented or sought to implement LTNs in 12 English local authorities, and part of a larger project investigating the impacts of LTNs in London, this paper addresses this gap. It shows how challenges to design, engagement and delivery of LTNs are often linked to funding scarcity and processes of projectification, advancing the literature on transport governance and controversy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric bus system design considering power grid disruptions","authors":"Aman Sharma,&nbsp;N. Nezamuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transit operators worldwide are transitioning to electric buses to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This presents new challenges for operators and policymakers, as electric buses rely on electricity, thereby increasing the importance of a city's power grid infrastructure. Any power grid failure can potentially disrupt the advertised schedule of the electric bus service, leading to unmet passenger demand. This study proposes a two-step methodology for designing an electric bus system that considers the relationship between a city's power grid and its electric bus system. The proposed framework is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and attempts to minimize the worst-case trip losses in the network with the possibility of spatial failure of power grid substations in a city. The framework is then applied to the bus and power grid network of Delhi, India. Due to the complexity induced by a large number of binary variables present in the formulation, local branching is utilized to solve the problem efficiently. Results indicate that the proposed methodology can reduce the potential trip loss in the network by 30 % with marginal additional costs from a cost-optimal electric bus system. Moreover, case study analyses lead to policy recommendations for reliable electric bus system designs, demonstrating the need of a departure from typical cost-optimal design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104015"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring community public budget preferences for transport electrification: Evidence from a contingent budget allocation study in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Andrea Pellegrini,&nbsp;John M. Rose,&nbsp;David A. Hensher","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The allocation of funds across government functions often reflects political priorities that do not align with public expectations. This paper employs a contingent allocation method in which respondents are required to distribute a fixed budget across 12 different potential project types. The main goal of this research is to elicit community priorities for public spending with a specific focus on transport electrification. Based on a sample of 727 residents from the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, our findings indicate that transport electrification is not regarded as a majority priority relative to initiatives aimed at improving healthcare, utilities, roads and education. Further, we find that the prioritisation of decarbonising transport services is heavily influenced by households' financial circumstances: individuals experiencing financial distress are less inclined to allocate substantial public resources to curbing transport-related emissions. These results suggest that policy actions should be designed to ensure that climate transition measures do not disproportionately burden financially vulnerable communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104009"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey to measure cognitive biases in mobility choices and responses to urban policy","authors":"Carole Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent urban policies are trying to encourage soft mobility, yet observations show an inertia or a slow evolution: people tend to still stick to the individual car despite policies inciting them to switch to other modes. We suggest that this can be explained by cognitive biases influencing the perceptions of the different mobility modes. In this paper, we describe a survey about the perceptions of 4 mobility modes (car, bus, bicycle, walking) and the preferences of users for 6 modal choice factors. This survey has gathered 650 answers in 2023, that are published as open data. In this study, we analyse these answers to highlight the influence of 3 cognitive biases on mobility decisions: halo bias, choice-supportive bias, and reactance. Our results support the hypothesis that cognitive biases are a plausible explanation to the (lack of) response to urban policies. Our biased decision model and collected data can serve several purposes. It can be used to initialise a virtual population with realistic attributes, and simulate their mobility decisions in reaction to various urban policies. The decision model can also be implemented in interactive simulators to illustrate the impact of cognitive biases on decisions. Work is also ongoing to design a simulation-based serious game where the player takes the role of an urban manager faced with planning choices to make their city more sustainable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103988"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of major world container ports in the post-pandemic era: The 6th generation ports model with smart ports","authors":"Zhao-Yu Song ,&nbsp;Stephen Pettit ,&nbsp;Yingli Wang ,&nbsp;Guanqiong Ye ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The port sector faces both challenges and opportunities in digital transformation and decarbonization in the post-pandemic era. To address these issues, the Sixth Generation Port (6 GP) model with smart ports comprising six aspects and 14 criteria was proposed, iteratively refined, and validated. In order to extend the test scope and assess the applicability of the 6 GP model, this study aims to evaluate the performance of major world container ports, namely the Port of Singapore, Shanghai, Busan, Hong Kong, and Rotterdam, by applying the 6 GP model with smart ports. An innovative hybrid methodology integrating CFPR, MOORA, and VIKOR was employed to explore the business needs and development priorities of port stakeholders and to assess each port's performance with reference to the 6 GP model. The test results indicate that the Port of Singapore, Rotterdam, and Shanghai performanc, with Asian container ports achieved better performance in \"service\" and \"smart port governance system and policy\". Specifically, Shanghai has emphasized automation optimization to facilitate the seamless cargo and vessel flows, while Rotterdam achieved significant performance in digitalization and decarbonization by fostering a smart port–city symbiosis. The contribution of this study lies in theoretical, methodological, and empirical aspects. i) Theoretically, it validates the applicability of the 6 GP model, enriching the existing literature on Port Devolution Theory by integrating digitalization and decarbonization into the 6 GP model; ii) Methodologically, it applies a novel hybrid CFPR–MOORA–VIKOR framework to enhance multi-criteria decision-making in port studies; iii) Empirically, it offers a comparative evaluation of container ports in both Asia and Europe, providing actionable insights for policymakers and port managers, and advocates collaborative action among different stakeholders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}