American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Caring About Care: The Paradox of Self-Care in Occupational Therapy.","authors":"Mario S Staller, Anne Kramer, Swen Koerner","doi":"10.1177/19437676261468684","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19437676261468684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ImportanceSelf-care is increasingly promoted in occupational therapy as a response to practitioner stress, burnout, compassion fatigue, and professional exhaustion. Although self-care may support practitioner wellbeing, it may also individualize problems that are partly produced by organizational and systemic conditions.ObjectiveTo examine self-care in occupational therapy as a paradoxical extension of the care imperative and to develop a reflexive, paradox-oriented understanding of self-care practice.DesignConceptual analysis drawing on form theory and systems-theoretical observation. The analysis examines how self-care becomes observable through the distinction between self-care and non-self-care and how this distinction shapes professional expectations.FindingsThe paradox of self-care lies in its attempt to relieve the burden of care by extending the care imperative to practitioners themselves. Self-care supports recovery and professional sustainability, yet it may also add another layer of responsibility by requiring practitioners to care for their own capacity to care. In doing so, it can individualize exhaustion and background the organizational and systemic conditions that make self-care necessary. Self-care can therefore function both as a necessary resource and as a problem-generating solution that stabilizes stress as an expected feature of occupational therapy work.Conclusions and RelevanceA paradox-oriented understanding does not reject self-care but keeps its ambivalence visible. Occupational therapy practitioners, educators, and organizations should approach self-care not only as an individual competency but also as information about the conditions under which care work is performed. Reflexive self-care includes caring for oneself, questioning when care has become too expansive, and setting limits to the care imperative itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 5","pages":"963-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Legal Services: A Proposed Lens for Occupational Therapy Practitioners Supporting Asylum Seekers.","authors":"Sally Wasmuth, Annie DeRolf, Hannah Romero De Gante, Leah Brenner","doi":"10.1177/19437676261464058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19437676261464058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a lens through which occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) can support immigrants seeking asylum in the United States. We argue that navigating legal services is a critical entry point where OTPs can collaborate with asylum seekers and legal aid organizations. While existing literature addresses occupational therapy assessments and interventions for this population, few studies emphasize how OTPs can assist asylum seekers in navigating the legal system to secure rights that enable safe participation in essential occupations such as work, education, social engagement, and leisure. To address this gap, we propose three strategies: (1) building partnerships with legal aid organizations, (2) conducting ongoing needs assessments with legal organizations and asylum seekers, and (3) collaborating to provide occupation-based resources and care. Partnerships among OTPs, asylum seekers, and legal professionals foster knowledge exchange and holistic, client-centered, evidence-based support. Legal experts offer insight into structural barriers; asylum seekers contribute lived experience and personal strengths; OTPs bring expertise in promoting participation and wellbeing through meaningful activity. Recognizing that asylum seekers often face systemic obstacles to daily engagement, we position legal navigation as a critical focus for OTPs. By outlining actionable strategies, this article equips OTPs to deliver responsive, justice-oriented care tailored to asylum seekers' lived realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 5","pages":"955-962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapists' Perspective on Driver Assessment and Rehabilitation Practice in Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.","authors":"Doha Hassan Alhashmi, Aislinn Lalor, Jennie Oxley, Ellie Fossey","doi":"10.1177/19437676261464067","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19437676261464067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ImportanceDriving facilitates independence and community engagement, especially in Saudi Arabia, where most people rely on cars. Medical conditions can impair driving ability, and occupational therapists play a key role in evaluation and rehabilitation. However, guidance and services to support safe return to driving in Saudi Arabia remain limited.ObjectiveTo explore current practices and challenges in driver assessment and rehabilitation as perceived by occupational therapists in Saudi Arabia.DesignThis descriptive qualitative research involved semi-structured individual interviews with participants. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework.SettingInterviews were conducted either in-person or virtually at each participant's preferred time and location.ParticipantsThirteen licensed occupational therapists with at least one year of experience in a rehabilitation setting in Saudi Arabia.ResultsSix themes were identified: (1) insufficient knowledge and practical skills, (2) lack of training and supporting infrastructure, (3) motivation [but it is hard], (4) recommended interventions, (5) recommended changes in policies and (6) collaboration.Conclusions and RelevanceAddressing the identified gaps in knowledge, skills and infrastructure through the suggested interventions and policy changes could enable occupational therapists in Saudi Arabia to contribute effectively to driver assessment and rehabilitation services for at-risk drivers, as well as promote road safety for all within Saudi Arabia. Collaborative efforts of occupational therapists and other stakeholders are essential to further leverage study findings in co-creating solutions to address safe return to driving and improving road safety in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 5","pages":"771-784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy Use Among People With Parkinson's Disease During the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity.","authors":"Kathleen Best, Noelle Casem, Tasha Doty, Joan Toglia, Erin Foster","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051413","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051413","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Cognitive impairment is a common manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) that can limit participation. A clearer understanding of how people with PD (PwPD) use strategies to support their functional cognition can guide interventions designed to promote occupational performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate strategy use by PwPD during a functional cognitive task and how it relates to task performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional within and between groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants' homes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;PwPD without dementia (N = 51) were allocated into two groups according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment score: ≥26 for those with PD and normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 27) and ≤25 for those with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n = 24).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Performance outcomes (accuracy, total time, and efficiency) and strategy use on the Level 2 Adult/Older Adult version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the whole PD group, increased strategy use correlated with higher accuracy and longer total time, and four specific strategies correlated with higher accuracy (p &lt; .04). The PD-NC group had higher accuracy and used more strategies than the PD-MCI group (p &lt; .02), including three strategies associated with higher accuracy (cross off entered appointments, enter fixed appointments first, cross off free day; p &lt; .03). In the PD-NC group, increased strategy use correlated with higher accuracy and longer total time (p &lt; .02). Strategy use and WCPA performance outcomes did not correlate in the PD-MCI group (p &gt; .10).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;This study adds to the understanding of how PwPD select and use strategies to support their functional cognition and suggests that PwPD could potentially benefit from interventions to optimize strategy use in occupational performance. Plain-Language Summary: People with Parkinson's disease experience changes in thinking and memory that affect their ability to participate in daily activities, and they use fewer strategies to support their cognition than their peers without Parkinson's disease. We investigated the strategies people with Parkinson's disease use to support their thinking and memory during a simulated functional activity, the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity. We sought to understand whether the strategies they used were related to better performance on the activity, and we explored differences in strategy use between people with Parkinson's disease with normal cognition and those with Parkinson's disease with possible mild cognitive impairment. We found that people with Parkinson's disease who used more strategies performed more accurately. Participants with Parkinson's disease with normal cognition used strategies that supported their accuracy but took longer to complete the task. Par","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback on the Speed Track: Feasibility of Clinician-Delivered Ride-On-Toy Navigation Training for Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Madeline Jakubowski, Patrick D Kumavor, Sudha M Srinivasan","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051533","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051533","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Technology-based adjuncts have been used to incentivize and boost upper extremity (UE) motor rehabilitation among children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the feasibility and perceived benefit of a clinician-delivered ride-on-toy navigation training (RNT) program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Single-group pretest-posttest design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Three-week task-oriented UE training camp.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Children with UCP (N = 13) ages 4 to 11 yr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;Children received 5 hours of unimanual practice and 1 hour of bimanual practice 5 days/wk for 3 wk. As part of daily camp programming, they received 15 to 30 min of RNT delivered by clinicians (two occupational therapists and two physical therapists). Ride-on toys were operated with a single joystick on the child's affected side.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Feasibility and acceptance of RNT were assessed by tracking session adherence and in-session affected UE use and through a clinician-rated exit questionnaire. Clinicians' satisfaction with the program was assessed using an exit questionnaire and the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The high degree of session adherence indicated that the RNT program was feasible for clinicians to deliver. Children showed high levels of in-session affected UE use and improved scores on the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire from pretest to posttest. Clinicians rated program-related satisfaction as high and indicated they had noted benefits from incorporating RNT into camp programming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;These pilot data suggest that RNT can be successfully delivered by clinicians within an intensive camp and may be used as an engaging technology-based intervention to promote UE motor function in children with UCP. Plain-Language Summary: This pilot study provides evidence that a training program, in which single-joystick-operated ride-on toys are used as therapy adjuncts, can be incorporated into an intensive three-week upper extremity training camp for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Clinicians were able to successfully deliver the ride-on-toy navigation training program with children with unilateral cerebral palsy as part of a modified constraint-induced movement therapy camp. Children demonstrated high levels of session adherence, the ride-on-toy navigation training program promoted high levels of affected upper extremity use across three weeks, and children improved their bimanual upper extremity use during daily activities after the training program. Clinicians indicated that they were satisfied with the ride-on-toy navigation training program and found it feasible to deliver. Modified ride-on toys can be used in conventional rehabilitation settings, such as intensive camps, as a child-friendly way to promote upper extremity motor","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pornography: What Occupational Therapists Need to Know for Clinical Practice.","authors":"Emily F Rothman, Kathryn M Ellis","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051409","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational therapists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who intentionally view sexually explicit media (i.e., pornography). Pornography use may be adaptive, neutral, or maladaptive depending on several variables: whether its use is causing the client distress; whether it is affecting their daily occupations and relationships; its degree of congruence with their values; and environmental constraints, such as client privacy, isolation, and disability. In this column, we argue that all occupational therapists should be prepared to work with clients who use pornography and to recognize how pornography use as a health management or leisure activity may support or interfere with participation, routines, roles, safety, and client well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Home Health Use Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Measuring Their Association With Neighborhood Racial Segregation.","authors":"Khalilah R Johnson, Izabela E Annis, Kathleen C Thomas","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051411","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051411","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Black people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) report poor health and lower service use compared with their White counterparts. Structural racism, neighborhood segregation in particular, has been identified as a potential barrier to equitable service use, but empirical investigations remain limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine the association between race/ethnicity and neighborhood-level segregation on the use of outpatient occupational therapy and physical therapy and home health services among people with IDD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;A secondary data analysis, using weighted two-level logistic regression models, of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2013-2020) and census tract data from the American Community Survey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixteen percent of individuals with IDD reported use of outpatient occupational therapy and physical therapy, and 23% reported use of home health services. Race and neighborhood segregation were not significantly associated with service use; however, age and Medicaid coverage showed significant associations with both occupational therapy and physical therapy and home health care use. Individuals ages 0 to 3 yr were more likely to receive services than older cohorts, highlighting age-related disparities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings suggest that although racial disparities were not evident in this data set, structural and age-related factors still shape service utilization. Occupational therapy scholars need larger and more nuanced data sets of people with IDD to better map associations between race and neighborhood segregation and its impact on service use along the health care pipeline. Plain-Language Summary: In this article, we introduce a novel application of neighborhood-level racial segregation measures to assess structural racism in health care access among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). By integrating data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and American Community Survey, we provide preliminary evidence on service utilization patterns for outpatient occupational therapy and physical therapy and home health care, highlighting age-related disparities and the need for more nuanced data sets. The findings underscore the importance of contextualizing service use within structural determinants and offer direction for occupational therapy practitioners and health services researchers to refine equity-driven methodologies and advocacy strategies, ensuring that all people with IDD can access the home and community-based supports they need to participate in daily life. Positionality Statement: The research team was led by Khalilah R. Johnson, an occupational scientist and occupational therapy practitioner who identifies as Black and female and has an extensive history working with Black people with IDD in participatory action research and practice. Izab","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonpharmacological Sleep Interventions for Children With Angelman Syndrome: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Joseph Barrett, Shelly J Lane","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051516","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051516","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Sleep is a fundamental occupation that supports children's health and learning and family well-being. Children with Angelman syndrome (AS) experience some of the most severe and persistent sleep disturbances of any neurogenetic disorder, highlighting an underexplored need for nonpharmacological, occupation-centered interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify and synthesize current knowledge on nonpharmacological sleep interventions for children with AS, describe intervention strategies and reported outcomes, and outline implications for occupational therapy practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL from inception through September 1, 2025, and reviewed AS foundation websites for gray literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study selection and data collection: &lt;/strong&gt;We included studies of nonpharmacological sleep interventions with children with AS. The first author screened titles and abstracts; two reviewers independently screened full texts and charted data using Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Three studies were synthesized: one randomized controlled trial, one single-case experimental design, and one case report. Interventions were primarily behavioral or caregiver mediated; one involved a short-term sedative adjunct in a behavioral program. Collectively, these studies demonstrated improvements in sleep initiation, duration, and continuity, and caregivers reported reduced stress and high satisfaction with feasibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Behavioral and caregiver-mediated sleep strategies consistently improved children's ability to fall asleep and remain asleep while supporting family functioning. Findings suggest that sleep is a modifiable occupation and highlight opportunities for occupational therapy practitioners to adapt and deliver family-centered interventions that establish healthy sleep routines and supportive environments. Plain-Language Summary: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental condition that often causes severe sleep difficulties among children. Our scoping review looked at strategies to improve sleep for children with AS without using medication and considered their relevance to occupational therapy practice. We identified three studies, and the results were encouraging. The most effective approaches involved establishing consistent bedtime routines, gradually adjusting sleep schedules, and coaching parents to manage sleep behaviors. When these strategies were used, children with AS fell asleep faster, slept longer through the night, and woke up less often. Parents reported less stress and greater confidence in managing their child's sleep. These nondrug methods are practical for families to use at home and align with occupational therapy's focus ","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupation-Centered Interventions to Enhance Participation in Everyday Activities for Refugee Children: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Pavlina Psychouli, Ioulia Louta, Constantina Christodoulou, Evangelia Andreou, Michaella Louka, Efrosini Panagiotou","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051469","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Child refugees face high developmental risks, often linked to disruptions in their everyday activities, an issue that may be addressed through occupation-centered interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the existing evidence on the effects of occupation-centered interventions targeting displaced families and children on children's participation in everyday activities.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, pre-post designs, and qualitative research on family- and child-focused occupation-centered interventions, written in English, and published between January 2000 and August 2024, were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and PsycINFO.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>Seven RCTs, five non-RCTs, two qualitative studies, and one mixed-method study met the inclusion criteria. The studies' participants were refugee or asylum-seeking minors and adults. Children's participation in any occupation was assessed before and after administration of occupation-centered interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRSIMA) methodology was followed. Quality appraisal was performed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, the Furlan 12-Question Tool, a Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool, the GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research tool, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Findings for outcomes concerning participation in all domains of occupations were inconsistent. The limited number of studies and their methodological constraints inhibited conclusive findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Interventions centered on occupation may benefit refugee children's participation in everyday activities. Rigorous and context-sensitive future research is needed to strengthen the evidence, particularly for occupation-centered interventions. Plain-Language Summary: Occupation-centered interventions use everyday activities to help children and adults live healthy and meaningful lives. This review looks at whether these approaches help refugee children take part in their daily activities. Current research shows they may help to improve refugee children's participation, but more studies are needed to draw stronger conclusions. Refugee children may benefit from interventions that respect their cultural and social backgrounds, just as taking part in familiar and meaningful activities supports their development, well-being, and sense of belonging in a new community.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Scanning by Drivers With Left Homonymous Visual Field Loss: A Naturalistic Driving Pilot Study.","authors":"Seonggyu Choe, Patrick Baker, Naser Al-Madi, Chen-Yuan Lee, Shrinivas Pundlik, Gang Luo, Alex R Bowers","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051510","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2026.051510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Little is known about compensatory scanning by drivers with homonymous visual field loss (HVFL) in daily driving.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use naturalistic driving methods to investigate the feasibility of quantifying head scanning behaviors of HVFL drivers in daily driving.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional pilot study with video and GPS data collected from dashboard cameras installed in participants' personal vehicles between October 2023 and June 2024.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Intersections with left-turn maneuvers in daily driving.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Two drivers with HVFL (ages 52 and 63 yr) and two with normal vision (NV; ages 47 and 62 yr), all male, recruited from study site databases.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Head scanning behaviors were quantified from driver-facing videos, including the number and magnitude of leftward and rightward scans. Road-facing videos were manually annotated for environmental features associated with situations in which no leftward scan was made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HVFL drivers exhibited greater leftward than rightward scan magnitude (∼20° difference), whereas NV drivers showed minimal difference (∼3°). Cross-traffic from the left increased left scan frequency for HVFL drivers but not NV drivers. HVFL drivers never failed to scan to the left at stop-sign intersections, although NV drivers sometimes did, but they did fail to scan left at some traffic light and no-sign intersections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These results demonstrate the feasibility of using naturalistic driving methods to quantify compensatory scanning as well as failures to scan in daily driving of individuals with HVFL. The methods have potential for application in larger-scale research studies as well as in clinical driving rehabilitation. Plain-Language Summary: Drivers with homonymous visual field loss (HVFL), the loss of half the visual field in both eyes, need to make large head scans (head turns) to see hazards approaching on the nonseeing side. However, little is known about how drivers with HVFL scan in daily driving because most prior studies have been conducted in a driving simulator or during a road test in an unfamiliar vehicle. We used an in-car camera in each participant's own vehicle to record head scanning before left turns at intersections. Drivers with HVFL made larger and more frequent head scans toward their nonseeing side than drivers with normal vision, suggesting compensatory scanning by HVFL drivers; however, both groups sometimes failed to scan in low-demand situations (e.g., when no traffic was present). These findings suggest that our methods can be successfully used to investigate scanning behaviors in daily driving and are feasible for implementation in a study with more participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}