American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Studying the Specificity of Research Reporting for Ayres Sensory Integration® Interventions in the Published Literature: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ishanie Choudhury, Talicia Tarver, Mary Davis, Stacey Reynolds","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050558","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>A contributing factor to the gap between research publication and clinical implementation is the lack of specificity used when reporting findings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review used the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) to determine which elements of specificity are most often present and omitted from research using Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ERIC.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>Eligible studies used ASI in an outpatient setting with children who had sensory integration or processing difficulties. Studies selected were quantitative (Level 1, 2, 3, or 4), available in full text, peer reviewed, and published in English within the past 20 yr.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of the 22 studies that met inclusion criteria, 100% included ingredients (actions of the therapist), 63% included mechanisms of action (reasoning behind these actions), 86% included targets, and 23% described client progression. We also found that 49% of all ingredients were listed in conjunction with a target, 15% were listed in conjunction with a mechanism of action, and 11% were listed in conjunction with both a target and a mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Findings indicate that many studies list ingredients but often omit the mechanism of action. This omission makes replication of the intervention increasingly difficult and prevents a deeper understanding of the clinical reasoning process behind the intervention. Plain-Language Summary: Gaps identified in this scoping review highlight inconsistencies in the reporting of treatment specificity that may affect the replication and translation of Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) research into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth Versus Face-to-Face Fine Motor and Social Communication Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Efficacy, Fidelity, Acceptability, and Feasibility.","authors":"Wan-Chun Su, Corina Cleffi, Sudha Srinivasan, Anjana Bhat","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050282","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The efficacy of telehealth (TH) interventions needs to be studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of face-to-face (F2F) versus TH seated play (SP) interventions among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, children were assigned to the SP group and received TH and F2F interventions over 8 wk using a pretest-posttest study design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A research lab or through videoconferencing.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Fifteen children with ASD (ages 5-14 yr) were randomly assigned to the SP group and received the intervention F2F or through TH.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Children received 16 SP intervention sessions (2 sessions per week for 8 wk).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Pretests and posttests included standardized fine motor assessments. Video coding compared socially directed verbalization during training sessions. Parents and trainers provided feedback on their experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven children received the intervention F2F, whereas 8 received TH intervention. Children in both subgroups showed similar training improvements in fine motor skills and socially directed verbalizations (ps > .01). Parents rated both interventions as acceptable and feasible; however, they reported longer preparation time and effort during TH interventions (ps < .01). Trainers reported greater parental involvement but more communication and technological issues during TH interventions. Fidelity checks indicated fewer reinforcements during TH versus F2F sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>TH intervention is feasible and effective in improving fine motor and social communication performance. Clinicians should reduce parental burden and overcome technological issues. What This Article Adds: This study confirmed the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of delivering seated play, standard of care interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder via telehealth. However, clinicians should work on reducing parental burden and overcoming communication and technological issues related to telehealth.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10846418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138483237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Descriptive Review of Occupational Therapy Education.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3006","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Guidance Document describes the present state of occupational therapy education within the United States educational system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 Suppl 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-Life Care and the Role of Occupational Therapy.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3002","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Position Statement describes the role of occupational therapy practitioners in providing services to clients who are living with terminal conditions and who are at the end of life, as well as their role in providing services and support to caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 Suppl 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Motor Interventions on Functional Performance Among Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Yu-Ru Jin, Yi-Shan Sung, Chia-Lin Koh, Shin Ying Chu, Hsiu-Ching Yang, Ling-Yi Lin","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050283","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Motor ability plays an important role in overall developmental profiles. Preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of motor skills deficits and delays. However, evidence of the efficacy of different motor interventions for the identification of optimal treatment types is lacking, especially for preschool children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the efficacy of the Motor Skill Occupational Therapy Intervention ON ASD (MOTION-ASD) and Cognitive Orientation Exercise (CO-EXC) programs to improve motor skills performance, self-care performance, and adaptive behaviors among preschool children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized controlled trial, two-group, triple-blinded, repeated-measures design Setting: University laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirteen preschool children with ASD (M age = 4.91 yr).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition, Brief Form, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in the MOTION-ASD group showed significantly greater improvements in manual coordination and overall gross and fine manual skills than those in the CO-EXC group immediately after the intervention. Significant improvements in fine manual control, body coordination, overall motor skills, and self-care performance were made throughout both interventions and were retained at the posttest and the 4-wk follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These findings provide supporting evidence that motor skills interventions involving fundamental skills and cognitive training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with ASD. The results also suggest that practitioners may consider providing structured and strategic motor skills interventions for preschool children with ASD. What This Article Adds: This study's rigorous tests of motor skills interventions support ways to manage motor difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An intervention based on motor learning theory could benefit preschool children with ASD, especially in terms of manual coordination ability and overall gross and fine motor skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for Contributors to AJOT.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3005","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) is the official journal of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). The primary mission of AJOT is to publish peer-reviewed research examining the effectiveness and efficacy of occupational therapy practice so that occupational therapy professionals can make informed, evidence-based decisions about best practice. In addition, the journal aims to publish (1) research documenting the reliability and validity of occupational therapy instruments; (2) studies demonstrating a relationship between occupational engagement and the facilitation of community participation and health; and (3) articles that provide a forum for scholars to debate professional issues that affect education, practice, and research. This Guidelines for Contributors to AJOT is also available at the American Journal of Occupational Therapy manuscript submission website, ScholarOne (go to https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/ajot and click \"Instructions & Forms\" in the upper right). These guidelines are published annually in a supplement to the journal; any changes implemented in the interim are published to the Author Guidelines page on the AJOT website (go to https://research.aota.org/ajot/pages/authorguidelines).</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 Suppl 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Preferences in an Adult Acute Mental Health Setting: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Stacia Kozidis, Jessica Jacobson","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050270","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Sensory processing patterns may inform mental health diagnosis-specific treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare sensory processing preferences of patients admitted with depression and substance use disorder diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Acute inpatient mental health center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients ages 18 to 64 yr with a primary diagnosis of depression or substance use disorder who completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Comparison of AASP quadrant scores between subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (n = 211; M age = 33.8 yr) had a primary diagnosis of depression (n = 121; 57%) or substance use disorder (n = 90; 43%). The depression and substance use disorder groups yielded the following AASP quadrant scores, respectively: low registration, Ms = 38.2 and 34.3 (SDs = 9.4 and 8.0), p = .002; sensation seeking, Ms = 46.8 and 50.6 (SDs = 8.1 and 9.1), p = .002; sensory sensitivity, Ms = 43.4 and 39.8 (SDs = 10.3 and 9.9), p = .013; and sensation avoiding, Ms = 45.6 and 40.1 (SDs = 9.5 and 10.3), p < .001. These differences persisted when scores were normalized against standard population scores. The majority with a primary diagnosis of depression ranked \"more/much more than most\" for low registration (69; 57.0%), sensory sensitivity (61; 50.4%), and sensation avoiding (79; 65.3%). Those with a primary diagnosis of SUD ranked most frequently as \"similar to most\" in all quadrants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Sensory processing preferences differ by primary mental health diagnosis and may provide insight into treatment planning. What This Article Adds: This study identifies differences in sensory processing between patients with a primary diagnosis of depression and those with a primary diagnosis of substance use disorder, suggesting that clinical interventions should account for sensory preferences. Providing appropriate sensory experiences (sensory room, sensory boxes, etc.) may allow patients to function at an optimal level by improving their ability to self-regulate emotions and behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72211294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3007","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 Suppl 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Changes After Occupational Therapy Among Individuals With a Distal Radius Fracture: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Iván De-Rosende-Celeiro, Jorge Juan Fernández-Barreiro","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050218","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Identifying the outcomes of occupational therapy after a distal radius fracture (DRF) is important so that effective strategies can be developed to mitigate the consequences associated with this common fracture.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether participation in occupational therapy improved functional status. Secondary objectives were to assess its effects on body functions and to examine the association between changes in outcome measures and occupational therapy-related factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal, with consecutive sampling over a 12-mo period.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Outpatient rehabilitation service.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were 38 adults with a unilateral DRF (ages 31-75 yr.; 81.6% female).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Multicomponent occupational therapy, including supplemental techniques and activity-based interventions.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Functional status and body functions were assessed before and after therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All standardized measures of functional status showed significant improvements, which were large in size. Several body functions improved significantly (pain, sleep, wrist and forearm movements, and grip strength fraction), and effect sizes ranged from medium to large. For several outcome variables, earlier therapy was significantly associated with better results; moreover, the likelihood of achieving better outcomes was significantly higher among participants who attended more sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Occupational therapy services have an important role to play after a DRF in terms of returning to daily activities and reducing impairments in body functions. Earlier intervention and attending a higher number of occupational therapy sessions are likely to further improve these outcomes. What This Article Adds: Because the effects of occupational therapy among people with a DRF remain uncertain, we quantified the outcomes of this intervention in an outpatient rehabilitation service, revealing medium to large improvements in the performance of daily activities and in various body functions. Our findings identified two factors associated with better results: early initiation of therapy and a higher number of occupational therapy sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy Assessments of Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Orli Weisser-Pike, Anita Witt Mitchell, Leah Cordova","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050313","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cortical or cerebral visual impairment (CVI), a leading cause of visual dysfunction in children across the globe, can result in delayed development of fine and gross motor skills, functional mobility, and socialization, which affects all areas of occupation. No assessments are recommended for occupational therapy practitioners working with children with CVI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To appraise the measurement properties and clinical utility of CVI assessments appropriate for use by occupational therapy practitioners.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures for relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 590 records yielded 15 studies of the measurement properties of 12 assessment tools, 8 patient-reported outcome measures and 4 clinician-reported or performance-based outcome measures. We report on the quality of measurement properties of 10 of the 12 outcome measures. None had high-quality evidence of content validity, structural validity, or test-retest reliability. Most had indeterminate internal consistency as a result of a lack of confirmatory factor analysis. Three instruments demonstrated high quality and sufficient construct validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>On the basis of the COSMIN guidelines, all 12 outcome measures have the potential to be recommended but require further study before definitive recommendations can be made. What This Article Adds: This is the first systematic review of assessments of CVI feasible for use by occupational therapy practitioners. High-quality studies of measurement properties are lacking. Further examination of the measurement properties of outcome measures is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}