American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Serial Trichotomization to Determine Fitness to Drive: Results From a Cohort of Clients Referred to a Neurology Program.","authors":"Michel Bédard, Hillary Maxwell, Sacha Dubois, Stephanie Schurr, Chelsea Swoluk, Andrew Colosimo, Shayna Cummings, Bruce Weaver, Arne Stinchcombe","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.050670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Determining cognitive fitness to drive is challenging. A previous study used serial trichotomization with five cognitive tests to determine whether drivers should continue driving, undergo further evaluation, or stop driving.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine agreement between serial trichotomization and fitness-to-drive determinations made by occupational therapists.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Drivers referred for cognitive screens completed all tests used in the previous study. Occupational therapists provided fitness-to-drive recommendations (safe, indeterminate, or unsafe) using all clinical information available. We examined the agreement between the tests' results (using cut points from the previous study) and occupational therapists' recommendations.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Outpatient neurology program at a chronic care and rehabilitation hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>279 clients (M age  = 66.35 yr; SD = 13.25).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Tests included the Trail Making Tests A and B, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, using a road test as the gold standard. The previous study used dual cut points with 100% sensitivity and specificity to reduce false positives and false negatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted κs ranged from .03 (95% confidence interval [CI] [-.01, .08]) for the CDT to .54 (95% CI [.46, .62]) for the Trail Making Test, Part B. Although the agreement between serial trichotomization and the final recommendations was moderate (κ = .59; 95% CI [.50, .67]), serial trichotomization appeared useful for identifying unsafe drivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These results remind us of the variability inherent in stand-alone cognitive tests, even within a serial trichotomization framework, and the importance of clinical judgement and road tests in decision making about driving. Plain-Language Summary: It can be challenging for occupational therapists to accurately determine a client's cognitive fitness to drive. Many occupational therapists lack the time, have limited training, or do not have access to comprehensive driving evaluation tools. A serial testing approach can support occupational therapists in assessing a client's cognitive fitness to drive. This study used an approach based on a series of five cognitive tests to determine whether a client should continue driving, undergo further evaluation, or stop driving. The series of tests were used to classify drivers as safe, indeterminate, or unsafe. In principle, a driver would take the second test only if the driver was classified as indeterminate on the basis of first test, and so on. By applying the tests in sequence, few drivers should remain classified as indeterminate at the end of the series of tests. This serial approach has the potential to streamline the decision-making proc","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Feeding Management in the School Setting: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Talia J Widrich, Catherine Fournier, Lothika Shanmugarajah, Sandra Fucile","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.051029","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.051029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>School-based occupational therapists are well positioned to provide oral feeding management, yet understanding of how they can effectively address oral feeding goals in school systems is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the current role of occupational therapy in pediatric oral feeding management in school-based settings.</p><p><strong>Evidence review: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used as a guide. Six databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and four search engines (Bing, Google, Yahoo, and Ask.com) were searched with the keywords feeding, school, and occupational therapist. Studies with the following criteria were included: written in English, services provided in a school setting, children from junior kindergarten to Grade 12, and the management of oral feeding by occupational therapists in schools.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>An initial 189 articles were generated, and 10 articles met the eligibility criteria after elimination of duplicate studies and title and abstract screening. Four areas emerged regarding the role of occupational therapy in feeding in schools: (1) using a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to support students with feeding needs; (2) offering assessment strategies that range from informal to standardized methods; (3) implementing various intervention techniques, but evidence is limited, and (4) formalizing policies to include feeding goals in students' individual education plans, although the process for doing so remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The field of occupational therapy needs more evidence-based practice, more training in oral feeding management, and updated policies for oral feeding management in schools. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapists are well positioned to support the feeding needs of children in schools. This scoping review identifies four key roles for occupational therapists: collaborating with multidisciplinary teams to address feeding issues, conducting assessments from informal to standardized methods, providing a range of intervention strategies, and advocating for formal policies that incorporate feeding goals into students' individual education plans to better manage oral feeding challenges in the school setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapists' Insights on Family Involvement in Videoconferencing-Based Home Assessments and Modifications in the Veterans Health Administration: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.","authors":"Jaewon Kang, Consuelo Kreider, Kelsea LeBeau, Mi Jung Lee, Sharon Mburu, Kimberly Findley, Keith Myers, Sergio Romero","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050879","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050879","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Collaboration between occupational therapists and family caregivers is essential during home assessments and modifications. The shift to videoconferencing-based assessments suggests increased family caregiver involvement, but the specifics of this change are unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate family caregiver involvement during videoconferencing-based home assessments and subsequent modifications from the perspective of occupational therapists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;This descriptive qualitative study involved virtual, semistructured individual interviews with participants who were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling. Data analysis followed a descriptive thematic analysis methodology with an inductive approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;All interviews were conducted virtually at each participant's preferred time and location.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifteen occupational therapists from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) with experience in videoconferencing-based home assessments and subsequent modifications for rural veterans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four key themes were identified: (1) increased active involvement of family caregivers during the home assessment process, (2) circumstances that require family caregiver involvement for videoconferencing, (3) family caregiver-related factors affecting outcomes, and (4) strategies for effective family caregiver involvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings suggest that veterans' family caregivers play a more active role during videoconferencing-based home assessments than they do during traditional in-person assessments. This increased involvement may lead to a higher workload for VHA occupational therapists, who should now train caregivers, and for family caregivers themselves, who need to perform tasks previously handled by occupational therapists during home visits. To address this challenge, occupational therapists can leverage the insights extracted from this study. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapists often collaborate with family caregivers to assess the safety and accessibility of clients in their homes, recommending changes to the home environment accordingly. However, occupational therapy practitioners do not fully understand how much family caregivers are involved in videoconferencing-based home assessments, which is a new remote method, and subsequent modifications to client interventions. In this study, we explored, through interviews with 15 occupational therapists from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), how family caregivers are involved in videoconferencing-based home assessments and subsequent modifications that are made to client interventions. We found that family caregivers have a greater responsibility for additional tasks during videoconferencing compared with traditional in-person assessments, including conducting measure","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy Practice in Adult Rehabilitation of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lisa Licciardi, Aislinn Lalor, John Olver, Libby Callaway","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.051001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.051001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;The role of occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of adults with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) following mild traumatic brain injury is an emerging practice area. Research that contributes to growing knowledge and understanding of the profession's role may increase the recognition and visibility of occupational therapy in concussion rehabilitation programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify and categorize (using World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health [WHO ICF] One-Level Classification domains) existing literature that describes occupational therapy practice (including assessments and interventions) in the rehabilitation of adults with PPCS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;Five scientific databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Complete) and gray literature were searched.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study selection and data collection: &lt;/strong&gt;Eligibility criteria included publications between 2013 and 2023, written in English, and within the peer-reviewed literature or on specified web domains (.gov, .edu, or .org).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Nineteen publications from 16 sources met eligibility criteria, consisting of quantitative studies (n = 6); case studies, series, or reports (n = 3); qualitative studies (n = 2); systematic or scoping literature reviews (n = 2); and gray literature sources (n = 3). The United States was the origin for many sources (n = 10). Assessments and interventions reported were heterogenous, mapping across 27 of the 30 WHO ICF One-Level Classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence to inform occupational therapy practice in adult PPCS rehabilitation is limited; however, some useful information about the assessments and interventions used by occupational therapists was found. At a time when considerable advancements in concussion rehabilitation are occurring, further research on evidence-informed occupational therapy practice is required. Plain-Language Summary: This study reviewed existing evidence about the role of occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of adults with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). It identifies and methodically documents a range of occupational therapy assessments and interventions described in the literature that may be used by occupational therapists within concussion rehabilitation programs or research. The study also categorizes these by using an internationally recognized taxonomy, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The review offers a novel synthesis of published evidence to guide occupational therapy practice and inform resource allocation in concussion rehabilitation. It also highlights the need for further research about the role of occupational therapy-including both high-quality evidence of current approaches and identification of future practice opport","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Pelvic Floor Biofeedback for Children With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series.","authors":"Meredith Ten Brink, Laura Rucki, Erin Gates","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050792","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Neurogenic bladder can negatively affect quality of life for children with incomplete spinal cord injury. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely able to provide individualized care to address this, which may include external pelvic floor biofeedback.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the implementation of external pelvic floor biofeedback for bladder management within the context of toileting for children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Inpatient rehabilitation unit within a pediatric hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Three children with incomplete spinal cord injury were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>External pelvic floor biofeedback.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The study used the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM®), Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Daily Activities Short Form, Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Activity Measures (PEDI-SCI AM) Short Forms, and voiding characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse events occurred. Following biofeedback, all children improved their AM-PAC toileting scores, and PEDI-SCI AM scores improved for 2 of 3 children, whereas daily catheterization requirements decreased for all children. The WeeFIM did not detect changes in bladder management for 2 of 3 children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This case report described how occupational therapy practitioners used external pelvic floor biofeedback as an adjunct conservative treatment strategy when providing care for pediatric children with recent incomplete spinal cord injury. Plain-Language Summary: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury can negatively affect a child's quality of life and social participation. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely able to address bladder management within the context of toileting for children with acquired incomplete spinal cord injury. A multimodal approach, which includes biofeedback, may improve the child's level of independence with toileting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Family Accommodation for Autistic and Sensory Overresponsive Children: The Mediating Role of Parenting Distress Tolerance.","authors":"Ayelet Ben-Sasson, Adi Zisserman","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050790","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050790","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Family accommodation of anxiety disorders is associated with poorer outcomes; therefore, they are important to detect. A child's sensory problems often cause anxiety and disrupt family routines, which can increase family accommodation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare family sensory accommodation among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), children with sensory overresponsiveness (SOR), and typically developing children (TD). To examine the role of parenting distress tolerance in explaining the relation between SOR and family accommodation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional case control design involving nonrandomized sampling and a survey methodology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Parents of 57 ASD children, 54 SOR children, and 48 TD children. Groups were matched on child age and ethnicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The Short Sensory Profile 2, Adapted SensOR Inventory (total SOR), Family Accommodations Scale for Sensory Over-Responsivity (FASENS), and the Parenting Distress Tolerance Scale (P-DTS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The groups with ASD or SOR (clinical groups) had a higher frequency of family sensory accommodation, and these accommodations showed greater interference with child and family well-being than among the TD group. The clinical groups had significantly more bothersome sensations and lower P-DTS scores than the TD group. In the clinical groups, the P-DTS mediated the relation between total SOR and FASENS scores, controlling for mother's years of education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Family sensory accommodation was more frequent among families of children with ASD or SOR and interfered more with child and family well-being. For clinical groups, being bothered by more sensations reduced parenting distress tolerance, which increased family accommodation. Plain-Language Summary: When children have strong reactions to sensory experiences, families often change their routines to prevent discomfort. This is called family sensory accommodation-when family members adjust their behaviors to avoid or minimize their child's sensory challenges and the associated distress. Although this may reduce stress in the short term, it can also reinforce anxiety and limit a child's ability to cope. We found that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder or sensory overresponsiveness were more likely to make these accommodations compared with parents of typically developing children. These accommodations were linked to greater disruptions in both child and family well-being. We also found that parents who had more difficulty managing their own stress were more likely to engage in family sensory accommodation. These findings highlight the need for occupational therapists to support families in reducing restrictive accommodations while helping children build independence and coping skil","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Quality of Single-Case Designs in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Yuki Choji, Takao Kaneko, Masataka Shikata, Ryo Tokuchi, Tetsuya Sano, Kenji Yabuwaki","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050932","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Single-case designs (SCDs) offer a powerful research methodology for demonstrating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for diverse clients with individualized needs. However, the current state of the use of SCDs in occupational therapy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the current state of and challenges associated with the use of SCDs in occupational therapy.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Articles were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, OTDBASE, and CINAHL. Related articles were manually searched to identify relevant studies, with the publication year restricted to 1990 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>This scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The search terms used were occupational therapy, single-case design, and synonyms for single-case design. The search was restricted to journals specifically dedicated to occupational therapy.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Eighty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Existing research has focused on the practice areas of children and youth and physical disabilities or rehabilitation. Moreover, AB designs, ABA designs, and visual analysis that do not meet the What Works Clearinghouse standards are frequently used as research methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Although SCDs can be highly useful in demonstrating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for diverse clients with individualized needs, considering the quality of SCDs when designing studies is crucial. Plain-Language Summary: This scoping review delved into the current landscape and challenges of single-case designs (SCDs) in occupational therapy. The findings revealed the pervasive adoption of low-quality designs and the predominant use of visual analysis methods in this field. In light of these findings, it is imperative for future research and development efforts to embrace established guidelines, paving the way for enhanced methodological rigor and robust outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinic- and Home-Based Practice of Mirror Therapy Preceding Augmented Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Crossover Study.","authors":"Keh-Chung Lin, Yi-Chun Li, Yu-Fang Lin, Hiu-Ying Lau, Chih-Chieh Kuo, Chia-Jung Lin, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Chih-Yu Lin","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050961","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Stroke rehabilitation in clinic- and home-based settings may yield differential effects on motor and functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of mirror therapy preceding augmented-reality therapy in the clinic and home setting.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-blinded, randomized crossover study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Rehabilitation clinics and home environment of participants.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty-one stroke survivors.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants were randomized to receive clinic-based practice first or home-based practice first. The intervention involved mirror therapy-primed augmented-reality practice. Participants received nine treatment sessions, with a 3-wk washout period between two phases.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory, Motor Activity Log (MAL), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinic-based practice significantly improved the FMA-UE (p = .04), BBS (p = .01), and SIS Mobility domain scores (p = .05). Home-based practice showed a trend for better performance on the MAL. Clinic-based practice revealed retention of treatment gains at the 3-mo follow-up assessment on the FMA-UE (p = .01) and the Activities of Daily Living-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (p = .01), Mobility (p = .02), and Hand Function (p = .03) domains of the SIS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Clinic-based practice improved motor and balance deficits, whereas home-based practice may enhance functional arm use. Practice setting is relevant for consideration in stroke rehabilitation. Plain-Language Summary: Research supports the benefits of using augmented reality in stroke rehabilitation. Stroke rehabilitation that includes mirror therapy has also shown promising benefits. This study investigated the effects of using mirror therapy before augmented-reality therapy to improve motor and balance after a stroke. Stroke survivors participated in sessions in either a clinic- or a home-based setting. The results showed that the clinic-based sessions led to more improvements in motor and balance, whereas the home-based sessions improved patients' use of the affected arm in real-life situations. The findings suggest the need to take into consideration the occupational therapy practice setting as part of stroke rehabilitation. Clinic- and home-based practice may complement each other to optimize the effects of stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Sarah A Schoen, Colleen Cameron Whiting, Anita Bundy, Shelly J Lane, Zoe Mailloux, Susanne Smith Roley, Roseann C Schaaf, Teresa A May-Benson","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.051232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.051232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commonly Used Statistical Methods in Occupational Therapy Research.","authors":"David Levine, Susan McDonald, Sara Lum, Max Jordon","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.050852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Current barriers exist that affect occupational therapy students' and practitioners' ability to understand statistical methods and translate knowledge into their clinical work.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine which statistical methods are most commonly used in the occupational therapy literature and, consequently, which methods are most critical to include in occupational therapy curricula to equip students to be better consumers of occupational therapy literature and implement evidence in practice.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A thorough analysis of 1,223 journal articles across 13 core occupational therapy journals. The most common statistical methods from the core journals were recorded.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The frequencies and percentages of each statistical method that were reported were calculated, and the top 25 statistical methods were ranked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that the top statistical methods included descriptive statistics, t tests, confidence intervals, χ2, effect size, analysis of variance, parametric correlations, Cronbach's α, post hoc analysis and pairwise comparisons, and thematic analysis and coding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The study determined the top 25 statistical methods used in the core occupational therapy literature. Occupational therapy educational programs can use this study as guidance for the inclusion of statistical content in their respective programs. Plain-Language Summary: This study was conducted to determine which statistical methods are most commonly used in occupational therapy research. We reviewed 13 key occupational therapy journals and identified the 25 most frequently used methods. These results can help improve how statistics is taught in occupational therapy programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}