American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Construct Validity, Criterion Validity, and Internal Consistency of GOT-Cog©, a Novel Occupational Therapy Cognitive Screen.","authors":"Emily Meise, John Corbett, Amanda Meyer, Pete Grevelding, Henry C Hrdlicka","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.050832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>No single cognitive screen adequately captures the cognitive domains needed for inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the construct validity of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT-Cog©) screen, a novel comprehensive cognitive screen that evaluates functional cognition.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized crossover controlled study design using the St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) exam as a comparator.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Long-term acute-care hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were inpatients admitted to Gaylord Hospital who were ages 18 yr or older, prescribed occupational therapy services, with no documented history of dementia, Alzheimer's, or preexisting intellectual disability and no present aphasia.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>During participants' initial occupational therapy evaluation, either the SLUMS or GOT-Cog were randomly delivered; the screen that was not delivered on admission was delivered 22 to 26 hr later by the same or a different clinician.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>GOT-Cog and SLUMS total scores and individual item and domain scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-eight participants yielded sufficient data for analysis. Total GOT-Cog and SLUMS scores positively correlated (p < .0001). All shared domains between GOT-Cog and SLUMS were significantly correlated (p ≤ .0155); similarly, all unique domains showed significant correlations with both GOT-Cog and SLUMS total scores (p ≤ .0194). No ordering effects were observed (p ≥ .8081). Despite having 11 more items, GOT-Cog took only 6 min longer to complete (10 vs. 16 min; p < .0001). Both demonstrated adequate internal consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The GOT-Cog has overall strong construct and criterion validity. Going forward, we will evaluate the rater reliability and responsiveness of the GOT-Cog. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapists evaluate clients' cognitive strengths and limitations in relation to activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Occupational therapists use this evaluation to help clients identify strategies to adapt to their specific environments, support their independence, and improve their ability to perform tasks. No cognitive screen currently exists that adequately evaluates a person's cognitive domains as part of treatment planning for inpatient occupational therapy. This study reviewed the construct validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive screen (GOT-Cog), a new comprehensive cognitive screen. The GOT-Cog was used with inpatients at a long-term acute-care hospital as part of their initial occupational therapy evaluation. The study found that the GOT-Cog has overall strong construct and criterion validity. Future studies will evaluate the ","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Medical Improvisation on Therapeutic Use of Self: A Randomized Controlled Waitlist Study.","authors":"Cynthia Selim, Jessica Tsotsoros, Catana Brown, Lynne Jeffries, Carrie Ciro","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050785","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2025.050785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The application of interpersonal skills is considered therapeutic use of self, a pillar of occupational therapy practice, and a required competency for occupational therapy education (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2020). Medical improvisation (medical improv) uses the principles of improvisational theater to enhance professional competencies and shows promising results in health professions education (Gao et al., 2019).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the effect of medical improv on occupational therapy students' therapeutic use of self.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A 6-wk randomized controlled waitlist trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Occupational therapy education.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A cohort of 36 occupational therapy students.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Two 2-hr sessions of medical improvisation.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Standardized patients rated students' therapeutic use of self with the Empathy and Clarity Rating Scale (Terregino et al., 2019), and students completed the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self (SETUS; Yazdani et al., 2021). Data were analyzed using independent samples t tests and multivariate mixed-methods models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference between the intervention and waitlist control group in three SETUS subtests (modes, p = .004; traits, p = .04; total score, p = .03) and a significant interaction effect in SETUS modes (p = .03). The waitlist control group responded with comparable increases, and all participants demonstrated a significant increase in self-efficacy of therapeutic use of self after the medical improv intervention (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These findings provide the first evidence for the positive effects of medical improv in building self-efficacy of therapeutic use of self in occupational therapy students. Plain-Language Summary: Medical improvisation (medical improv) in health professions education uses the principles of theatrical improvisation to build the interpersonal skills of students. This study's application of medical improv to occupational therapy education found significant change in students' self-efficacy of therapeutic use of self. The inclusion of medical improv in occupational therapy education can better prepare students to build and maintain therapeutic relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: Importance Across Populations and Settings.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.78S107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.78S107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Position Statement describes how occupational therapy practitioners work as part of an interprofessional collaborative practice in various settings, including, but not limited to, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, school systems, and community agencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 Suppl 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation and Well-Being of Chinese Mothers Who Have Children With Disabilities.","authors":"So Sin Sim, Helen Bourke-Taylor, Mong-Lin Yu, Ellie Fossey, Loredana Tirlea","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050650","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>High stress and compromised mental health are well-documented among mothers of children with disabilities, but less is known about the factors that influence their participation and well-being, especially among Chinese mothers. Identifying these factors could lead to strategies to mitigate potential risks to maternal well-being.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationships among participation in health-promoting activities, perceived stigma, perceived support, and well-being of ethnic Chinese mothers who have children with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ethnic Chinese mothers (N = 261) with children with disabilities of any age residing in Australia, Singapore, or Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Health Promoting Activities Scale, Personal Wellbeing Index, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Parental Perceptions of Public Attitudes Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate to strong correlations were found between mental well-being and all measures. The frequency of participation in health-promoting activities was a predictor of mental well-being (β = .21, p = .001). Perceived support was the strongest predictor of participation in health-promoting activities (β = .25, p = .005), mental well-being (β = .39, p < .001), and personal well-being (β = .45, p < .001). Perceived stigma predicted psychological distress (β = .32, p < .001) and mental well-being (β = -0.29, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Perceived support and stigma affected mothers' participation in health-promoting activities and well-being. Therapists can facilitate mothers' engagement in health-promoting activities and develop strategies to address stigma and enhance support. Plain-Language Summary: This research highlights factors that affect the well-being of ethnic Chinese mothers who have children with disabilities and provides cultural insights for occupational therapists who work with Chinese families. The article also encourages pediatric occupational therapists to address the occupational needs and well-being of mothers in parallel with therapy for their children. We discuss occupation-focused strategies, family-centered perspectives, and health promotion approaches in relation to improving the participation and well-being of ethnic Chinese mothers in their cultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance Approach: A Bibliometric Review.","authors":"Desirée Valera-Gran, Laura Delgado-Lobete, Rebeca Montes-Montes, Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050802","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an evidence-based intervention approach that has significantly increased in popularity over the past two decades. However, how the research literature on this topic is patterned is still unknown, so it is difficult to identify potential areas for research and clinical interest.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To analyze the literature published on the CO-OP approach to provide a detailed and structured analysis of the publication patterns.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>All literature related to CO-OP included in the Web of Science database through June 15, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>All published studies related to CO-OP were included in the bibliometric analysis, which was conducted on the raw data retrieved from the Web of Science database using the Bibliometrix R package.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The annual growth rate in CO-OP research has been 0.8%, significantly increasing from 2015 onward. Most of the research has been published in occupational therapy and rehabilitation journals by English-speaking research teams, and its scope has expanded from developmental coordination disorder to a wide range of health conditions. In addition, two main lines of research have emerged: one focusing on understanding the underlying cognitive processes involved in CO-OP and the other focusing on its clinical effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Research on CO-OP has significantly increased over the past decade, and it currently encompasses a wide range of areas. This analysis may facilitate the advancement of research on and the clinical practical application of CO-OP. Plain-Language Summary: The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an evidence-based intervention approach that has significantly increased in popularity over the past two decades. Occupational therapists use it to improve the occupational performance of both children and adults with movement difficulties. However, it is unknown how the research literature on this topic is patterned, so it is difficult to identify potential areas for research and clinical interest. This study found that scientific literature on CO-OP has significantly increased in the past decade and that its scope has expanded from developmental coordination disorder to a wider range of health conditions, such as cerebral palsy. Moreover, research is now focused on two main questions: What are the underlying cognitive processes involved during intervention, and how effective is the CO-OP approach? These findings can be used to further improve occupational performance and participation among occupational therapy clients who struggle with motor performance and planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assistive Technology Devices and Services in Occupational Therapy Practice.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.78S106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.78S106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Position Statement describes how assistive technology (AT) fits within the occupational therapy scope of practice and how occupational therapy practitioners uniquely contribute to teams that provide AT evaluations, recommendations, and training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 Suppl 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Synthesis and Clinical Recommendations for Supporting School Students With Sensory Processing Challenges: A Rapid Review.","authors":"Katy Unwin, Kylie Wales, Tennille Johnson, Carl Leonard, Gaenor Dixon, Libby English, Alison Lane","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050766","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Children with sensory processing challenges often need supports to access, participate in, and achieve at school. However, research on best practice is varied, presenting difficulty for practitioners to assess the appropriateness of each support.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide evidence-informed recommendations regarding best practices in school-based supports for students with sensory processing challenges via a Rapid Evidence Assessment of current literature.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Searches were run in CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus (for articles published 2010 to 2023). Informed by a 2010 review, articles citing publications identified in the prior review were also included.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>A reviewer screened the title and abstract of each article for inclusion, and another screened the full texts, with 10% of each reviewer's articles assessed by the other. Interrater reliability was excellent.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The review included 61 articles, with only 15% constituting good evidence (38% provided adequate evidence, 31% provided poor evidence, and 16% were reviews). No support could be wholly recommended without caveats, but there was some evidence that sound amplification systems, alternate seating, and multisensory environments may be beneficial in certain conditions or with certain populations. The use of weighted vests is not recommended.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Most research had small sample sizes and inconsistent protocols, highlighting the importance of ongoing research. Evidence-informed practitioners should review research findings carefully and integrate evidence from comprehensive clinical assessment and understanding of the child, school, and family contexts when assessing the appropriateness of a support for each student. Plain-Language Summary: Children with sensory processing challenges often need supports to access, participate in, and achieve at school. Occupational therapists provide school-based supports for children with sensory processing challenges with the goal of enabling access, participation, and achievement. It is difficult, however, for practitioners to assess the appropriateness of each support because research on best practice varies. This review of the current literature provides practitioners with evidence on supports for school children with sensory processing challenges to inform decision-making and the selection of appropriate supports for their clients. When assessing the appropriateness of a support for a student, practitioners should carefully review current research findings and integrate evidence from comprehensive clinical assessments along with an understanding of the student, school, and family contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Agent, Mechanical, and Instrument-Assisted Modalities in Occupational Therapy Practice.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.78S103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.78S103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Position Statement describes how physical agent, mechanical, and instrument-assisted modalities (PAMIMs) may be used by occupational therapy practitioners (i.e., occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants) as part of a comprehensive plan of intervention designed to enhance engagement in occupation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 Suppl 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different, But Same.","authors":"Alyson Stover","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.078601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.078601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In her Presidential Address at the AOTA INSPIRE 2024 Annual Conference & Expo in Orlando, Florida, AOTA President Alyson Stover highlights some of the unique ways occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants are practicing today and come away inspired by the positive impacts we are making in the world. Occupational therapy is the ultimate contradiction: We are the same, but can look so different.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Journal, 2024.","authors":"Stacey Reynolds","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.078600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.078600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has maintained its top-ranked status in the field of occupational therapy and increased its standing among all rehabilitation journals, buoyed by an increase in its 5-yr impact factor. Key outcomes for 2024 showcase the journal's breadth and depth, with 139 articles published. AJOT published a special issue on the topic of Recovery of Function After Neurological Injury and a special section on Play in Occupational Therapy. The AJOT Authors & Issues interview series has reached more than 11,000 views, and the AJOT Instagram account now has more than 1,000 followers. AJOT editorial team members have also been recognized for their expertise as leaders in the field of scholarly publishing with opportunities to participate in national and international initiatives. As AJOT looks ahead to 2025, we will focus on leading the profession in the use and adoption of new research reporting guidelines, as well as continuing to maintain our commitment to publishing articles that will move research in the profession forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}