{"title":"What drives German trend output growth? A sectoral view","authors":"Robert Lehmann , Lara Zarges","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we outline material and capital linkages across sectors to quantify the role of the German production network in amplifying sectoral dynamics on aggregate trend gross domestic product growth. This allows us to study the impact of sectoral labor input and total factor productivity trend growth variation on the persistent decline in long-run output growth. Our estimation reveals that sector-specific developments have historically accounted for half of this long-term decline. Zooming into the reunification period, we find a pronounced decline of total factor productivity growth in Professional and Business Services together with a fall in labor input growth in the Construction sector to drive the sharp decline of German trend output growth over the 1990s. We further document significant changes regarding the sectors' importance as input suppliers to the economy over the past decades. Our analysis identifies the labor-intensive Construction sector as a major input hub in the production network, its long-run amplification effect exceeding four times its share in value added. Given the impending demographic change, the low potential for automation in this sector may significantly reduce future German trend output growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robots, AI, and unemployment","authors":"Noritaka Kudoh , Hiroaki Miyamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do robots and artificial intelligence (AI) cause joblessness? We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with search-matching frictions. In our model, robots substitute routine human tasks, and AI substitutes abstract human tasks. We find a cutoff level for the elasticity of substitution between routine labor input and robots, above which an increase in robot productivity leads to increased unemployment. We examine a scenario in which AI-driven automation of abstract tasks transforms high-skilled workers into unskilled ones. A substantial productivity gain through AI is required to offset the output loss associated with this labor displacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microdata-based output gap estimation using business tendency surveys","authors":"Mirosław Błażej , Mariusz Górajski , Magdalena Ulrichs","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs a micro-econometric model to estimate output gaps by analysing microdata from business tendency surveys and annual enterprise activity reports. We apply the control function method to estimate sector-specific production functions that incorporate information about firms' capacity utilisation levels. To construct aggregate indices of potential output, we calculate potential input values by extracting statistical trends from firm-level data and then input them into production functions. We then compute microdata-based output gaps for regions, sectors, and the total economy. Subsequently, we decompose the total output gap into three primary components: capital-, labour-, and capacity utilisation-based output gaps, as well as weighted sectoral and regional output gaps. We validate our methodology by analysing the Polish manufacturing, construction, and service sectors, highlighting its strengths and limitations. Our findings reveal that capacity utilisation effectively captures the business cycle component within unadjusted total factor productivity indices. Finally, we demonstrate that microdata-based output gap measures are significant explanatory variables in the Phillips curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-varying government spending foresight","authors":"Junjie Guo , Zhao Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Government spending forecast is noisy and displays time-varying uncertainties. Using the Survey of Professional Forecasters, we establish three stylized facts about disagreement regarding future discretionary government spending. A simple noise representation of foresight <em>á la</em> <span><span>Chahrour and Jurado (2018)</span></span> featuring stochastic volatility captures these stylized facts. We analyze both qualitatively and quantitatively how the noisy foresight structure impacts the macroeconomy under different monetary-fiscal policy regimes. Time-varying fiscal foresight manifests its effect through non-zero noise shocks by generating state-dependent government spending multipliers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trend-cycle decomposition in the presence of large shocks","authors":"Güneş Kamber , James Morley , Benjamin Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce some refinements of the Beveridge-Nelson filter to help address possible distortions from large shocks. We then compare how the Beveridge-Nelson filter and other popular univariate trend-cycle decomposition methods perform given the extreme outliers associated with the Covid recession. Real-time estimates of the output gap based on the Hodrick-Prescott filter are highly unreliable in the years just prior to the pandemic, although the revised estimates during the pandemic are similar to those of the more reliable Beveridge-Nelson filter. The Hamilton filter suffers from base effects that produce a mechanical spike in the estimated output gap exactly two years after the onset of the pandemic, in line with the filter horizon. Given projected data with a simulated Covid-like shock, both the Hodrick-Prescott and Hamilton filters overstate the true reduction in the output gap and fail to capture the implied movements in trend output. The Hodrick-Prescott filter generates a spurious transitory boom just prior to the simulated shock, while the Hamilton filter produces another mechanical spike exactly two years after the simulated shock, as well as an ongoing divergence in forecasted values of the output gap away from zero. Only the Beveridge-Nelson filter correctly forecasts trend and cycle movements when faced with a Covid-like shock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conditional forecasts in large Bayesian VARs with multiple equality and inequality constraints","authors":"Joshua C.C. Chan , Davide Pettenuzzo , Aubrey Poon , Dan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conditional forecasts, i.e. projections of a set of variables of interest on the future paths of some other variables, are used routinely by empirical macroeconomists in a number of applied settings. In spite of this, the existing algorithms used to generate conditional forecasts tend to be very computationally intensive, especially when working with large Vector Autoregressions or when multiple linear equality and inequality constraints are imposed at once. We introduce a novel precision-based sampler that is fast, scales well, and yields conditional forecasts from linear equality and inequality constraints. We show in a simulation study that the proposed method produces forecasts that are identical to those from the existing algorithms but in a fraction of the time. We then illustrate the performance of our method in a large Bayesian Vector Autoregression. Within this setting, we first highlight how we can simultaneously impose a mix of linear equality and inequality constraints on the future trajectories of several key US macroeconomic indicators over a forecast horizon spanning multiple years. Next, we test the benefits of using inequality constraints in an out-of-sample exercise spanning the period between 1995Q1 and 2022Q3 and find that imposing these constraints on the future path of Real GDP leads to significant improvement in point and density forecasts of the large BVAR model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling dynamic interdependence in nonstationary variances with an application to carbon markets","authors":"Susana Campos-Martins , Cristina Amado","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we propose a multivariate generalisation of the multiplicative decomposition of the volatility within the class of conditional correlation GARCH models. The GARCH variance equations are multiplicatively decomposed into a deterministic nonstationary component describing the long-run movements in volatility and a short-run dynamic component allowing for volatility interactions across markets or assets. The conditional correlations are assumed to be time-invariant in its simplest form or generalised into a flexible dynamic parameterisation. Parameters of the model are estimated equation-by-equation by maximum likelihood applying the maximisation by parts algorithm to the variance equations, and thereafter to the structure of conditional correlations. An empirical application using carbon markets data illustrates the usefulness of the model. Our results suggest that, after modelling the variance equations accordingly, we find evidence that the transmission mechanism of shocks is supported by the presence of dynamic interdependence in variances robust to nonstationarity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How large are hysteresis effects? Estimates from a Keynesian growth model","authors":"Steven M. Fazzari , Alejandro González","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper estimates a demand-led model of macroeconomic growth and fluctuations in which the growth rate of the economy's supply side converges to the growth rate of demand. Convergence happens because labor supply and productivity growth respond to the degree of slack in the economy. Faster demand growth reduces unemployment and stimulates supply. We estimate the model using simulated method of moments and find that after a unit demand shock, labor productivity and labor supply increase by 0.8 and 0.2, respectively, in the long-run. For an economy with labor market slack, our estimates imply that supply growth could accommodate a one percentage point increase in the growth rate of demand with a 0.74 percentage point reduction in the long-run unemployment rate. These hysteresis results are robust to whether or not the Great Recession is included in our sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental analysis of contagion in financial markets","authors":"Ronald Peeters , Helena Veiga , Marc Vorsatz","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2024.105033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2024.105033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an experimental market, we study how information about the dividend of an asset, which is available to some traders, is absorbed in the asset's price when all traders also have access to the prices of another different asset. We consider two treatments: in one, the dividends of the two assets are independent; in the other, the dividend of the own asset correlates positively with the dividend of the other asset. Since there is no aggregate uncertainty in the own market, the other dividend should not affect own prices according to the rational expectations equilibrium. Consistent with a prior information perspective, we find that (a) own prices are increasing in the other dividend if and only if dividends are correlated, and (b) correlated dividends can worsen information dissemination when the own dividend is low, and the other dividend is high. These findings imply that linkages between markets, both via fundamentals and via observability of market prices, can cause financial contagion even if there are corrective market forces at play (superior private information in the own market).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entrepreneurship and leverage dynamics without commitment","authors":"Caiquan Bai , Chen Feng , Congming Mu , Siqi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper builds a dynamic liquidity management model to examine the interdependent consumption-portfolio choices and debt financing problems when a risk-averse entrepreneur has leverage commitment friction. First, we find that low risk aversion leads to active debt buybacks, providing a novel rationale for the prevalent callable feature through the risk management channel. Second, high risk aversion generates a leverage ratchet effect. The distressed entrepreneur reduces consumption but takes on more risk to gamble for resurrection. To diversify business risk, the borrower accelerates the issuance of risky debt. Finally, we predict that the debt spiral effect (leverage mean reversion) is more likely to occur when the borrower is less (more) risk-averse, debt maturity is longer (shorter), or idiosyncratic risk is smaller (larger).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}