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Reasoning versus prior beliefs: The case of COVID-19 fake news 推理与先验信念：COVID-19 假新闻案例
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4194
Vladimíra Čavojová, Matej Lorko, Jakub Šrol
{"title":"Reasoning versus prior beliefs: The case of COVID-19 fake news","authors":"Vladimíra Čavojová,&nbsp;Matej Lorko,&nbsp;Jakub Šrol","doi":"10.1002/acp.4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We conduct a survey on a large representative sample of Slovak population to examine the role of analytic thinking, scientific reasoning, conspiracy mentality, and conspiracy beliefs in trust in COVID-19 fake news and willingness to share it. We find that the ability to distinguish between fake and real news about COVID-19 is significantly negatively correlated with conspiracy mentality and with beliefs in pandemic-related conspiracy theories. Analytic thinking is not a significant predictor. Although fake news is generally less likely to be trusted and shared than real news, when fake news is consistent with preexisting opinions, people are more willing to share it compared with belief-consistent real news. We also find that people are mostly overconfident in their ability to distinguish between fake and real news, and we identify a subpopulation of people that refuse to get vaccinated who trust fake COVID-19 news significantly more than real news. Thus, consistency with one's beliefs is the best indicator of trust in fake news and willingness to share such news.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Children's long-term memory for a staged repeated event: A preliminary investigation 儿童对阶段性重复事件的长期记忆：初步调查
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4191
Becky Earhart, Sarah L. Deck, Sonja P. Brubacher, Martine B. Powell
{"title":"Children's long-term memory for a staged repeated event: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Becky Earhart,&nbsp;Sarah L. Deck,&nbsp;Sonja P. Brubacher,&nbsp;Martine B. Powell","doi":"10.1002/acp.4191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we examined children's memory for a staged repeated event after a two-year delay to gain insights about how they represented the events in long-term memory. Children aged 4–8 experienced six events and were interviewed about the last occurrence shortly after the event and 2 years later (<i>N</i> = 29). Various characteristics of their memory reports at the delayed interview were analyzed (e.g., accuracy, specificity). Though the event was brief and embedded within their school day, the patterns in recall suggest that children represented the events as distinct from what usually happens at school. For example, all children were able to recall accurate information, and incorrect details were most often details they experienced during another occurrence of the events. The results of this preliminary investigation are considered in relation to prominent theories of event memory, and generate interesting directions for future repeated-event research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Say it out loud: Does mental context reinstatement out loud benefit immediate and delayed memory recall? 大声说出来大声说出心理情境恢复是否有利于即时和延迟记忆回忆？
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4189
Julie Gawrylowicz, Ema Pereira
{"title":"Say it out loud: Does mental context reinstatement out loud benefit immediate and delayed memory recall?","authors":"Julie Gawrylowicz,&nbsp;Ema Pereira","doi":"10.1002/acp.4189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental context reinstatement (MCR) is a key part of the cognitive interview. However, police face challenges delivering MCR in real-life situations. Over the years, modifications have been made to make MCR more user-friendly for officers and ensure witness engagement. The current study evaluates the impact of vocalizing MCR generations aloud on mock-witness's immediate and delayed recollections. Participants watched a staged multiple-car collision and were interviewed about it the next day. Half verbalized mental images aloud (aMCR), while the other half kept them silent in their minds (cMCR). After a week, participants took part in a delayed recall attempt. No significant differences in immediate recall performance were found. During the delayed recall, participants who engaged in aMCR previously recalled significantly more and more correct details than those who received cMCR. aMCR might lead to more coherent representations in working memory, resulting in improved consolidation and better future recall.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variability in verbal eyewitness confidence 目击证人口头信任的变异性
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4190
Pia Pennekamp, Jamal K. Mansour, Rhiannon J. Batstone
{"title":"Variability in verbal eyewitness confidence","authors":"Pia Pennekamp,&nbsp;Jamal K. Mansour,&nbsp;Rhiannon J. Batstone","doi":"10.1002/acp.4190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Typically, an eyewitness' verbal confidence is used to judge the reliability of their lineup identification. Across three experiments (<i>N</i> = 3976), we examined eyewitnesses' own words confidence in their lineup decision. For identification decisions (<i>n</i> = 1099), we identified 781 quantitatively unique responses representing 132 qualitatively unique statements that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. For rejectors (<i>n</i> = 781), we identified 599 quantitatively unique responses representing 143 qualitatively unique responses that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. Most participants provided a verbal phrase (e.g., pretty sure) but a significant proportion—34.19% of identifiers and 29.05% of rejectors—provided numbers (e.g., 80%). The present data highlight the variability in how confidence is expressed. The criminal justice system would benefit from guidance for interpreting verbal confidence. We provide a picture of eyewitnesses' verbal confidence as a first step.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of emotionally evocative information on interpreting accuracy in a mock asylum interview 在模拟庇护面谈中，唤起情感的信息对口译准确性的影响
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4185
Louisa Morrison, Zoe Given-Wilson, Amina Memon
{"title":"The impact of emotionally evocative information on interpreting accuracy in a mock asylum interview","authors":"Louisa Morrison,&nbsp;Zoe Given-Wilson,&nbsp;Amina Memon","doi":"10.1002/acp.4185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In asylum interviews, interpreters often relay emotionally evocative information. This study compared interpreting accuracy of emotionally evocative and neutral information. Twenty-eight Arabic-English interpreters participated in a mock asylum interview held via videoconferencing. They interpreted between an English interviewer and a Sudanese-Arabic applicant who performed a scripted interview including neutral and emotionally evocative responses. Pre-interview, interpreters completed a secondary traumatic stress measure. English interpretations of the Arabic neutral and emotionally evocative responses were recorded, transcribed and coded for interpreting errors. Emotionally evocative responses were interpreted 4%–8% less accurately than neutral responses, which was a significant medium to large effect. Secondary traumatic stress did not moderate differences in interpreting accuracy between conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2020 feels slow, long, and far away: Time distortion due to the COVID-19 pandemic 2020 年感觉缓慢、漫长而遥远：COVID-19 大流行导致的时间扭曲
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4182
Judit Castellà, Taiji Ueno, Richard J. Allen
{"title":"2020 feels slow, long, and far away: Time distortion due to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Judit Castellà,&nbsp;Taiji Ueno,&nbsp;Richard J. Allen","doi":"10.1002/acp.4182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID pandemic has been an unforeseen situation in which uncertainty, social distance, loss of stability, and significant changes have proven to have detrimental effects on people's well-being and on mental health. The aim of the present study is to determine changes in subjective time speed, duration, and time distance, and to consider the factors that may have contributed to this subjective distortion. A questionnaire was designed to explore time perception along with autobiographical recollection, mental and physical activity, and mood before, during, and after the pandemic. Analysis revealed that the pandemic period differed from before and after on every scale; subjects reported relatively lower values on autobiographical memory for the pandemic period; felt this time period to be further away, slower, and longer; were less active; and had a more negative mood. A structural equation model revealed that mood was the main predictor of subjective time distortion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining motivation and self-regulated online learning strategy model: A measurement invariance analysis among college students in China during COVID-19 研究动机与自我调节在线学习策略模型：COVID-19期间中国大学生测量不变量分析
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4188
Shifang Tang, Zhuoying Wang, Xiuhong Lu, Lei Zhang, Maya Haggerty
{"title":"Examining motivation and self-regulated online learning strategy model: A measurement invariance analysis among college students in China during COVID-19","authors":"Shifang Tang,&nbsp;Zhuoying Wang,&nbsp;Xiuhong Lu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Maya Haggerty","doi":"10.1002/acp.4188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the motivated and self-regulation strategies for online learning (MSSOL) instrument. Data were collected from a sample of 1100 college students from a Chinese university. Factor analysis revealed favorable psychometric properties of the MSSOL. Furthermore, strong evidence was found to support the configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across gender groups, indicating the appropriate utilization of the MSSOL in accurately assessing online English learning motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies among Chinese college students of both genders. This study represents a significant advancement in the measurement of motivation and SRL in the context of online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, particularly in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Argument-based intervention as a way to reduce covid-19 unfounded beliefs and vaccination hesitancy 以论据为基础的干预是减少无根据信念和疫苗接种犹豫的一种方法
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4187
Peter Teličák, Jakub Šrol, Peter Halama
{"title":"Argument-based intervention as a way to reduce covid-19 unfounded beliefs and vaccination hesitancy","authors":"Peter Teličák,&nbsp;Jakub Šrol,&nbsp;Peter Halama","doi":"10.1002/acp.4187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the experimental study was to verify the reduction of Covid-19 unfounded beliefs through arguments in favor of vaccination. The sample includes 720 participants recruited by Qualtrics (50% women, age: <i>M</i> = 38.8, SD = 10.90). The participants were equally and randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given the task of reading a neutral text about Norway. The first experimental group was provided with a debunking text that corrected popular misinformation and unfounded beliefs about vaccination against polio and vaccination against Covid-19. The second experimental group read the same text as the first, with two additional paragraphs addressing the motives and errors in the thinking of unfounded belief spreaders. The results confirmed that exposing the participants to arguments for vaccination reduces the endorsement of Covid-19 unfounded beliefs and increases the willingness to be vaccinated against Covid-19 disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Previewing test items prior to learning and receiving decorative pictures during testing: Impact on listening comprehension for English as a Foreign Language students 学习前预览测试项目和测试时接收装饰图片：对英语作为外语的学生听力理解的影响
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4183
Zhe Wang, Jiayan Zeng, Yuliya Ardasheva, Ping Zhang
{"title":"Previewing test items prior to learning and receiving decorative pictures during testing: Impact on listening comprehension for English as a Foreign Language students","authors":"Zhe Wang,&nbsp;Jiayan Zeng,&nbsp;Yuliya Ardasheva,&nbsp;Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/acp.4183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In multimedia learning research, pictures are commonly used to visually represent corresponding written texts, generating substantial research on how to apply multimedia principles to more effectively design instructional materials. However, it is still unclear what types of pictures presented in testing, with or without additional instructional supports, enhance learning from spoken messages. To address this gap, the present experiment recruited 184 university students and employed a 2 (representational vs. decorative pictures) × 2 (cueing vs. no cueing) between-subjects factorial design. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of adding decorative (aesthetic, interest enhancing), as compared to representational (content depicting) pictures, to test items with or without the opportunity to preview such items (cueing) on learning and learning judgments. The results showed significant main effects of picture type and cueing, as well as a significant interaction effect on listening comprehension. That is, cueing neutralized the negative impact of decorative pictures, but did not improve learning when representational pictures were used. In addition, representational pictures led to significantly higher learning judgments than did decorative pictures. The detrimental effect of decorative pictures and the compensating effect of cueing on decorative pictures in testing were confirmed in the listening comprehension scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of internal versus external distinctive facial features on eyewitness identification 内部与外部面部特征对目击者识别的影响
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4186
Curt A. Carlson, William E. Pleasant, Maria A. Carlson, Alyssa R. Jones
{"title":"Effects of internal versus external distinctive facial features on eyewitness identification","authors":"Curt A. Carlson,&nbsp;William E. Pleasant,&nbsp;Maria A. Carlson,&nbsp;Alyssa R. Jones","doi":"10.1002/acp.4186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many criminals have distinctive facial features such as tattoos, yet the potential impact on eyewitness memory has received little research attention. Does such a feature harm memory for the face at encoding, and can police do anything about this when constructing the lineup? Does it matter whether the feature is on the interior (e.g., tattoo on face) or exterior (e.g., tattoo on neck)? These are the kinds of questions that we investigated by randomly assigning a large nationwide sample of online participants to conditions within an experimental design in which we manipulated target exposure time, presence (and location) of a distinctive feature, and whether it is replicated or removed from lineup members. Results indicate that a distinctive feature harms memory for the face regardless of location, but replicating the feature in the lineup may attenuate this effect. Fortunately, high confidence was indicative of high accuracy regardless of our manipulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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