Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第5页

Racial/ethnic disparities in police recovery of stolen property: A previously unexplored facet of police/victim interaction 警察追回赃物中的种族/族裔差异：警察与受害者之间互动的一个前所未见的方面

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102253

{"title":"Racial/ethnic disparities in police recovery of stolen property: A previously unexplored facet of police/victim interaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing Donald Black's theory of law, the present study hypothesizes that police recovery of stolen property is affected by the relative social status of the victim/offender (victim and offender). It employs binary logistic regression on 1,607,823 incidents taken from the 2016 National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to assess whether race/ethnicity of the victim(s)/offender(s) influence this outcome while controlling for victim, jurisdiction, and incident characteristics. Analyses of victim race suggested that Black, Asian, and Native American victims were all less likely to have their property recovered than White ones. When both victims and offenders were considered, incidents involving Asian victims/offenders (victims and offenders are Asian) or Black victims/offenders (victims and offenders are Black) were especially unlikely to end in property recovery. Meanwhile, incidents where the offender(s) was a different race/ethnicity than the victim(s) were generally more likely to result in property recovery than when victim(s)/offenders were the same group. Consequently, this study supports certain predictions regarding police responsiveness and stratification from Black's theory of law. Yet while some racial/ethnic groups appear disadvantaged, whether someone is victimized by a non-community member may also be relevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public support for safe-storage laws: White nationalism and politics as barriers to evidence-based gun policy 公众对安全储存法律的支持：白人民族主义和政治是循证枪支政策的障碍

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102244

{"title":"Public support for safe-storage laws: White nationalism and politics as barriers to evidence-based gun policy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Devastating incidents in which children have accessed their parents' unsecured guns and used them to kill themselves or others have occurred with alarming frequency across the United States. Although strong evidence exists that safe-storage laws decrease firearm-related child deaths and suicides, the United States does not regulate gun storage at the federal level, and few states have gun storage laws. In this context, the current study examines public support for safe-storage laws, and the association of such support with racial and political attitudes. Using survey-experimental data from a population-matched national sample recruited by YouGov (<em>n</em> = 1018), we find widespread support among the American public for safe-storage legislation, both globally and in the specific case of criminalizing parents' unsafe gun storage. Public support for holding parents accountable is highest when young children obtain especially deadly guns (AR-15) and shoot others. Our findings further reveal that public attitudes toward safe-storage laws are racialized and politicized. White nationalists report lower support for safe-storage laws, and this association is mediated by right-wing political views.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the prevalence and frequency of adolescent substance use using zero-inflated models and variables associated with social learning, social bond, and opportunity 使用零膨胀模型以及与社会学习、社会纽带和机会相关的变量估算青少年使用药物的流行率和频率

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102247

{"title":"Estimating the prevalence and frequency of adolescent substance use using zero-inflated models and variables associated with social learning, social bond, and opportunity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To use zero-inflated regression models to examine the differences in prevalence and frequency of adolescent substance use. This addresses several limitations of prior research that uses dichotomous measures of substance use and does not estimate separate models depending on type of substance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study used data from the Arizona Youth Survey and included a variety of independent variables derived from criminological theory and several types of substances.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Many of the independent variables were associated with substance use when logistic regression was used. Variables derived from social learning theory and the opportunity perspective had among the largest effect sizes. When zero-inflated models were used, findings were more nuanced, suggesting that there are differences in prevalence and frequency of use. These explanations were more consistent for models examining alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, suggesting that social learning, social bonds, and opportunity may not explain street drug use and prescription drug misuse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While the findings suggest that peer-based prevention and intervention programs should be used, differences between prevalence and frequency should be addressed. Additionally, while these programs may work for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, they may not be beneficial for less commonly used substances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timing, frequency, and duration of incarceration and their impact on mental illness: Evidence from an Australian birth cohort 监禁的时间、频率和持续时间及其对精神疾病的影响：来自澳大利亚出生队列的证据

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102246

{"title":"Timing, frequency, and duration of incarceration and their impact on mental illness: Evidence from an Australian birth cohort","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Incarceration is linked to mental illness (MI), but limited evidence exists on the impact of the timing, duration, and frequency of incarceration on the mental health of males and females.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were drawn from a cohort of 83,049 people registered as born in Queensland in 1983/84 and followed to age 29–31 years. Cox regression analyses were conducted to predict the risk of MI diagnosis post-incarceration (youth detention or adult prison).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 2010 individuals with a record of imprisonment/detention, of which 46.4% also had MI. Incarcerated males had a longer median time to first MI diagnosis post-custody than incarcerated females (4.6 vs 3.0 years). Incarcerated males who were Indigenous, first offended at an early age, were incarcerated more than once, and had a history of violent offences had an increased likelihood of first MI diagnosis post-custody. However, for females, incarceration-related variables were not predictive of first MI diagnosis post-custody. This might be due to the small number of incarcerated females, with a high proportion of them receiving MI diagnoses prior to prison/detention (65.3%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study expands existing evidence by providing comprehensive and detailed insight into the association between incarceration and MI for males and females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224000953/pdfft?md5=0322efa0c2412eb7ac583c9300a06e7b&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224000953-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formalizing and expanding school resource officer presence: Examining the influence on student arrests 正规化和扩大学校资源官员的存在：研究对逮捕学生的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102236

{"title":"Formalizing and expanding school resource officer presence: Examining the influence on student arrests","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Purpose</em>: In the 2016–17 school year a Florida county integrated and formalized their school resource officer (SRO) program while simultaneously expanding SRO presence into the elementary schools. This study examines whether these changes influenced the number of school-based arrests.</p><p><em>Methods</em>: Descriptive statistics explored demographic and offense characteristics of school arrests of juveniles in the county. Interrupted time series analysis was used to examine arrest trends over a six-year period and explore whether formalization and expansion of the county's SRO program immediately impacted student arrests.</p><p><em>Results</em>: Results showed that contrary to the proffered hypothesis, the number of school arrests decreased by 5% post-intervention. Interrupted time series analysis indicated that the new SRO program did not have a statistically significant impact on total number of student arrests, but disaggregating the data revealed a significant increase to felony arrests and arrests completed by certain law enforcement agencies.</p><p><em>Conclusions</em>: Findings suggest that expanding SRO presence into elementary schools does not automatically result in an increase in student arrests. However, the reorganization and formalization of SRO programming attempted in the county did not appear to universally prevent the criminalization of student behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pipe dreams: Cannabis legalization and the persistence of racial disparities in jail incarceration 烟斗梦大麻合法化与监狱监禁中种族差异的持续存在

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102230

{"title":"Pipe dreams: Cannabis legalization and the persistence of racial disparities in jail incarceration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is an emerging body of research examining the impact of adult-use recreational cannabis legalization on racial disparities in arrests, yet this is among the first studies to examine changes to the jail population composition. We use a quasi-experimental design, including difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis and matching via the synthetic control method (SCM) to examine the impact of recreational cannabis legalization on Black–White disparity in jail populations in Colorado and Washington State. Our findings reveal that Black–White disparity has overall declined in both legalized and criminalized states. We observe more of a reduction in Black–White disparity in legalized states; however, the results are not substantially or statistically significantly different (DiD results: Estimate = −0.052, <em>SE</em> = 0.320, <em>p</em> = 0.872; SCM results being consistent with the DiD results). This research provides important insight into continued racialized social control even when laws become liberalized. Further, the findings of this study have important policy implications, as voters and legislative bodies should seek policies more purposefully designed to reduce racial disparity in the jail population if this is their goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does pretrial detention influence time until re-involvement with the criminal legal system? 审前拘留是否会影响到重新介入刑事法律系统的时间？

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102234

{"title":"Does pretrial detention influence time until re-involvement with the criminal legal system?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of time spent in pretrial detention on the number of days from release until experiencing an arrest for a new offense and a new violent offense.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a sample of 31,598 individuals from three counties in the United States, the evaluation estimated the effects of spending 2–3 days, 3–7 days, and >7 days in pretrial detention – compared to admitted to jail and released on the same or next day (0 to 1 day– on the number of days from release until a new criminal arrest and new violent criminal arrest. The primary models were replicated using inverse probability weighting and propensity score matching.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the study suggest that spending 2–3 days, 3–7 days, and >7 days in pretrial detention was associated with an increased probability of a new criminal arrest and new violent criminal arrest earlier when compared to spending 0 to 1 day in pretrial detention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This research is consistent with the prior literature, suggesting that spending more time in pretrial detention might be criminogenic and contribute to an increased rate of churn through the criminal legal system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Identification and Public Cooperation with the Police in Ghana 加纳的国民身份证明和公众与警方的合作

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102235

{"title":"National Identification and Public Cooperation with the Police in Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study examines the role of national identification in public cooperation with the police in Ghana. The first objective is to examine the antecedents of national identification and police legitimacy in Ghana, and the second objective is to examine the association between national identification and public cooperation in Ghana.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using data from an online survey of university students (<em>N</em> = 482), the current study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the antecedents of national identification and police legitimacy, and the association between national identification and public cooperation. Bootstrapped standard errors with bias-corrected confidence intervals is used examine the mediating effects of national identification and police legitimacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SEM indicates that participants who viewed the police as effective and distributively just were willing to cooperate with the police. Police procedural justice was the sole predictor of police legitimacy. Contrary to theoretical expectations regarding the status- and value-signaling function of procedural justice, participants felt valued and worthy as members of Ghanaian society when the police were effective at fighting crime and fair in allocating outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrates that perceived group identification plays a role in public cooperation with police in Ghana.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of the Detroit crime gun intelligence center on fatal and nonfatal shooting clearance rates 底特律犯罪枪支情报中心对致命和非致命枪击案破案率的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102233

{"title":"The impact of the Detroit crime gun intelligence center on fatal and nonfatal shooting clearance rates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Crime Gun Intelligence Centers (CGICs) are organized around the investigation of repeat shooting events that are connected through intelligence derived from the National Integrative Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN). This study investigates the potential of the Detroit CGIC to increase clearance rates for fatal and nonfatal shooting cases with NIBIN leads.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The analysis consists of logistic regression models to estimate the sample average treatment effect on the treated, using weights from coarsened exact matching to reduce imbalance between treated and control cases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study found that the benefits of the Detroit CGIC increased the odds of clearing fatal and nonfatal shooting cases with NIBIN leads. This effect is more pronounced when the Detroit CGIC optimized its capability to provide advanced intelligence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Law enforcement agencies should prioritize the efficient processing of ballistic evidence and the creation of comprehensive NIBIN lead reports, particularly those containing advanced intelligence. Collaboration with the NIBIN National Correlation and Training Center is also crucial in this regard, as are the resources provided through CGICs. Grant funding is essential to support these critical initiatives in the short term, while operational funding from city and/or state budgets is crucial for their long-term sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic emotional experience of online fraud victims during the process of being defrauded: A text-based analysis 网络欺诈受害者在受骗过程中的动态情感体验：基于文本的分析

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102231

{"title":"The dynamic emotional experience of online fraud victims during the process of being defrauded: A text-based analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Purpose</em>: Online fraud has become a serious problem around the world. To reduce the harm it causes to society and individuals, this study aims to explore the emotional state of victims during the victimization process through text sentiment analysis to provide a basis for targeted fraud prevention.</p><p><em>Methods</em>: We crawled 1217 valid posts from the Zhihu and Douban platforms, which were posted by online fraud victims and described their experiences of being defrauded. We divided the narrative texts into the different stages of being defrauded and analyzed the texts using a lexicon-based sentiment analysis method.</p><p><em>Results</em>: The results showed that victims in the early stage of being defrauded more often experienced the emotions of expectation and love; in the middle stage, they experienced more anxiety and expectation; and in the late stage, they experienced more expectation and disgust. There were also differences in the emotional experience of victims among different types of fraud.</p><p><em>Conclusions</em>: This study uses data from social media sources to explore the emotional experience of victims at different stages of fraud victimization process in the Chinese context, which provides a non-Western perspective for fraud victimization research and lays a foundation for future research on whole-process fraud intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0