Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献

Prosecutorial discretion not to invoke the criminal process and its impact on firearm cases 检察官不援引刑事诉讼程序的酌处权及其对枪支案件的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313

Francesca A. Amaral , Charles E. Loeffler , Greg Ridgeway

{"title":"Prosecutorial discretion not to invoke the criminal process and its impact on firearm cases","authors":"Francesca A. Amaral , Charles E. Loeffler , Greg Ridgeway","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Using detailed case-level data on firearm arrests in Philadelphia, both before and after the formal adoption of progressive prosecution policies, this paper examines the multiple organizational channels through which progressive prosecution has been theorized to impact firearm prosecutions. These include direct policy impacts, indirect policy spillovers, returns from resource reallocation, and personnel changes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To examine these effects throughout the life of a case, we combine descriptive and formal statistical models, including regression, proportional hazards models, and overlap indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There is little evidence that high-profile progressive prosecution policies impacted initial charging decisions on gun prosecutions. Conversely, there is also no evidence that reprioritization away from non-violent offenses, at least in the short-term, increased the available resources to address gun cases. However, there is evidence that the arrival of progressive prosecution in Philadelphia led to a temporary decline in the experience of prosecutors working gun cases and that this change could at least partially explain an observed short-term increase in case dismissals and open cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest progressive prosecution, while not begun as an effort to impact gun prosecution, still may have impacted it, albeit to a much smaller extent than that observed for its focal priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316

Adam Lankford , Jason R. Silva

{"title":"Similarities between copycat mass shooters and their role models: An empirical analysis with implications for threat assessment and violence prevention","authors":"Adam Lankford , Jason R. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although an important subset of mass shooters has admitted copying previous shooters, there has been almost no empirical research on the similarities between mass shooting role models and their copycats. Such analysis is essential for understanding who is most susceptible to the influence of high-profile mass shooters and what behaviors they are likely to copy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We first compiled all documented instances we could find globally of public mass shooters and active shooters becoming a role model for a copycat from 1966 to 2022 (<em>n</em> = 205) and calculated how often their risk profiles and behaviors were similar. Next, we ran simulated matches (<em>n</em> = 2000) and used binary logistic regression to test whether copycats were significantly more similar to their role models than to a random shooter.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Compared to a random shooter, copycat attackers were significantly closer to their role models in age and more likely to share the same sex, race, country, incident location type, and offender outcome. Nearly 80% of copycats attacked more than one year after their role model, and the average temporal gap was approximately eight years. Copycats averaged significantly fewer victims killed and wounded than their role models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The risk that high-profile mass shooters influence copycat attackers persists for many years, with the most susceptible individuals sharing characteristics of the role model shooters themselves. These findings could be used to make media coverage of mass shootings safer and to inform triage and case prioritization for threat assessment and violence prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlates of victim services for fraud and identity theft among victim service providers 受害者服务提供者为欺诈和身份盗窃受害者提供服务的相关因素

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318

Cooper A. Maher, Rachel M. Corsello, Timothy A. Engle, James D. Kuhlman, Joseph L. Nedelec

{"title":"Correlates of victim services for fraud and identity theft among victim service providers","authors":"Cooper A. Maher, Rachel M. Corsello, Timothy A. Engle, James D. Kuhlman, Joseph L. Nedelec","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Victim service providers assist thousands of victims of crime in the United States each year. However, little is known about the extent to which these organizations serve victims of crime often perpetrated online, such as identity theft and financial fraud. Moreover, absent from the literature is an empirical assessment of what factors predict the inclusion of services for victims of these crimes. Using a sample from the 2019 National Survey of Victim Service Providers (<em>n</em> = 1649) the current study investigated factors related to the provision of services for victims of financial fraud and identity theft, and the number of victims served for each of these crime types. Findings suggested that certain organizational services such as providing restitution claim assistance and document replacement services were associated with greater odds providing services to financial fraud and identity theft victims. Organizational characteristics, such as having a hotline/chatline, the number of external partnerships, and the number of volunteers also predicted providing those services. The findings suggest the importance of logistical constraints on providing these services and are discussed in light of previous research on the topic, as well as policy implications and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the impact of sexual assault training on police officers: A systematic review and meta-analysis 评估性侵犯培训对警官的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321

David S. Lapsey Jr , Bradley A. Campbell , Amanda Goodson , Gennaro F. Vito , Alondra D. Garza , Cortney A. Franklin

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of sexual assault training on police officers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"David S. Lapsey Jr , Bradley A. Campbell , Amanda Goodson , Gennaro F. Vito , Alondra D. Garza , Cortney A. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We evaluated and summarized the current literature on police sexual assault training. To do so, we examined the overall effects of police sexual assault training and assessed for potential moderating factors impacting training effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a meta-analysis using robust variance estimation (RVE) to estimate the mean effects sizes and assess for potential moderating factors. Our sample included 294 effect sizes, 31 studies, and 22 independent datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sexual assault training had a substantial impact across all outcomes, and was positively associated with improvements in officers' perceptions, hypothetical case processing decisions, content knowledge, and police behaviors. Analysis of long-term follow-up data found training effects remained robust and significant over time. In addition, training effects remained stable across moderator analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Findings reveal that sexual assault training programs of varying duration/dosage can significantly improve police perceptions, knowledge, and behavior. Evaluation research should continue to assess training through the use of rigorous research designs and with measures of police behavior. Ultimately, training has considerable utility for enhancing police response to sexual assault.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Head injury, sleep disturbance, and delinquent offending: Evidence from a longitudinal sample of juvenile detainees 头部受伤、睡眠障碍和违法犯罪：来自青少年被拘留者纵向样本的证据

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310

Kristina Block , Eric J. Connolly

{"title":"Head injury, sleep disturbance, and delinquent offending: Evidence from a longitudinal sample of juvenile detainees","authors":"Kristina Block , Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Juvenile youth are disproportionately more likely to experience head injury (HI), and HI is associated with reoffending. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which common symptoms of HI – such as sleep disturbance – condition this relationship. The current study uses prospective data to investigate within-individual changes in HI and reoffending and the moderating role of sleep disturbance on these associations across males and females. Data are drawn from the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a longitudinal sample of previously adjudicated juveniles. Random intercept cross-lagged models are estimated to assess within-individual changes in HI, violent offending, and nonviolent offending over a two-year period as well as the moderating role of sleep disturbance. Findings indicate that within-individual increases in HI are associated with within-individual increases in violent, but not nonviolent offending. The relation between HI and violent offending is stronger at higher levels of sleep disturbance for males, but not females. Taken together, the results suggest that relations between HI and offending are complex, with different mechanisms likely explaining associations across males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the connection between mental illness and recidivism for persons on parole 研究精神病与假释人员累犯之间的联系

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102315

D. Michael Applegarth

引用次数: 0

Vote choice in the context of lethal police violence: A research note 警察致命暴力背景下的投票选择：研究说明

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102319

Jonathan C. Reid

引用次数: 0

Effects of substance use treatment on recidivism for youth in need of treatment 药物使用治疗对需要治疗的青少年累犯的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304

Jennifer Pankow , George W. Joe , Angela A. Robertson , Sheena K. Gardner , Larkin Street McReynolds , Megan F. Dickson , John P. Bartkowski , Nancy Arrigona , Pernilla Johansson , Elizabeth D. Joseph , Kate E. Krupka , Thomas B. Sease , Danica Kalling Knight

{"title":"Effects of substance use treatment on recidivism for youth in need of treatment","authors":"Jennifer Pankow , George W. Joe , Angela A. Robertson , Sheena K. Gardner , Larkin Street McReynolds , Megan F. Dickson , John P. Bartkowski , Nancy Arrigona , Pernilla Johansson , Elizabeth D. Joseph , Kate E. Krupka , Thomas B. Sease , Danica Kalling Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose and method</h3><div>The association between illegal activity and substance use (SU) is prominent in juvenile populations, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding about SU treatment as a strategy to reduce recidivism. Youth records (<em>N</em> = 9165) from 12 juvenile justice programs in JJ-TRIALS examined the impact of treatment on the relationship between treatment need and time to recidivism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 4-step mediation analysis demonstrated: (1) treatment need significantly relates to time to recidivism (<em>p</em> < .0002); (2) treatment need positively predicts treatment length (<em>p</em> ≤ .0001); (3) treatment length positively predicts time to recidivism (<em>p</em> < .0001); and (4), full mediation. Specifically, more treatment significantly predicted a longer time to recidivism such that youth with an identified need receiving treatment (Group A) had a longer time to recidivism than youth with a treatment need who did not receive services (Group B). A survival distribution curve illustrates that 14 % of youth in Group A had a recidivism event during the study, compared to 98 % of youth in Group B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Outcomes point to the benefit of expanded treatment services for youth in juvenile justice. Services include early identification of treatment needs, treatment referrals, and treatment receipt to reduce recidivism risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying subpopulations in forensic addiction care: A latent class analysis 确定法医成瘾护理中的亚人群：潜类分析

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102309

Ilse Luteijn , Joanne E.L. VanDerNagel , Inti A. Brazil , Arnt Schellekens

{"title":"Identifying subpopulations in forensic addiction care: A latent class analysis","authors":"Ilse Luteijn , Joanne E.L. VanDerNagel , Inti A. Brazil , Arnt Schellekens","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Forensic patients with substance use disorder (SUD) vary in clinical.</div><div>characteristics like psychiatric comorbidity, including mild intellectual disability (MID). In this study, we examined whether different patient classes could be identified based on type of psychiatric diagnosis (including MID) and historic risk factors at treatment start, using Latent Class Analysis (LCA); whether these classes differed on risk behavior during treatment and treatment outcomes; and whether MID was associated with risk behavior and treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were retrieved from health records in a forensic addiction treatment centre in the Netherlands (<em>n</em> = 252). Information included DSM-5 diagnoses, historical risk factors for recidivism and treatment outcomes (urine toxicology, number of aggression incidents and drop-out).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified four patient-classes, including one with a high prevalence of psychopathology and high historic risks, one with severe past substance use and long treatment history and two classes with low historic risks. These classed did not differ in risk behavior or treatment outcomes. MID was associated with risk behavior during treatment, but not with treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data suggest that though subgroups of forensic addiction patients are identifiable, historic risks do not predict variations in treatment outcomes, and that co-occurring MID might be clinically more relevant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of Covid-19 stay-at-home orders on street and cybercrimes in a Brazilian city Covid-19 留守令对巴西某城市街头犯罪和网络犯罪的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102314

Vitor S. Goncalves, Mark C. Stafford

{"title":"The effects of Covid-19 stay-at-home orders on street and cybercrimes in a Brazilian city","authors":"Vitor S. Goncalves, Mark C. Stafford","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic led public officials to impose stay-at-home orders, dramatically changing individuals' routine activities. With people spending more time at home, opportunities for street crimes were expected to decrease, while cybercrimes were expected to increase. This study examines the effects of stay-at-home orders on police reports of street crimes (theft, auto theft, residential burglary, and robbery) and cybercrimes (online fraud) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We utilized ARIMA Interrupted Time Series models, incorporating weekly data from 2017 to 2022. The findings largely supported the hypothesis for street crimes, particularly theft and auto theft. These crimes, which often occur in crowded areas and during events, had a significant decrease due to reduced public gatherings resulting from the orders. However, the orders did not significantly impact robberies and residential burglaries, possibly indicating that offenders quickly found new opportunities. Contrary to expectations, the orders did not lead to an increase in cybercrimes. According to routine activity theory, crime occurs when motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians converge in time and space. However, the digital realm challenges this prediction due to the disruption of traditional notions of time and space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0