Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第2页

When insignificance is significant: Rethinking race, immigration, and the myth of victim reluctance to report to police and use victim services 当不重要是重要的：重新思考种族，移民，以及受害者不愿向警察报告和使用受害者服务的神话

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102511

Hyunjung Shim, Sarayu Cheemalapati

{"title":"When insignificance is significant: Rethinking race, immigration, and the myth of victim reluctance to report to police and use victim services","authors":"Hyunjung Shim, Sarayu Cheemalapati","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public discourse often portrays victims of racial, ethnic, or immigrant minorities as more reluctant to engage in police or seek further help. Yet, this perception remains largely unexamined through empirical research. This study tests the correlates of police notification and victim service utilization among victims of violence, with particular focus on how race/ethnicity and immigration status—key components of sociostructural positioning—interact. Drawing on the Multilevel, Contextualized Help-Seeking Model, we analyzed data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) from 2017 to 2023. We estimate multilevel logistic models of police reporting and service use, while accounting for selection bias in the victim sample. Findings reveal that Black victims generally had higher odds of notifying police than White victims. However, this trend reverses for Black foreign-born citizens, who were significantly less likely to report. Asian non-citizens, conversely, were nearly ten times more likely to use victim services than White citizens. Weapon involvement was linked to higher odds of police reporting, while incident severity was associated with greater service use. Series-victimization was associated with lower odds of police reporting, but higher odds of service use. These results challenge the prevailing assumption that racial and ethnic minorities are uniformly less likely to seek help and suggest that targeted public policy solutions can effectively promote help-seeking, especially among immigrant populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Program outcomes in a light-touch prosecutor-led misdemeanor diversion program 项目结果是由检察官主导的轻罪转移项目

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102498

Alexa Cinque , Matthew Epperson , Rachel Garthe , Hannah Lee , Leon Sawh

{"title":"Program outcomes in a light-touch prosecutor-led misdemeanor diversion program","authors":"Alexa Cinque , Matthew Epperson , Rachel Garthe , Hannah Lee , Leon Sawh","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While misdemeanors are generally classified as less serious than felonies, misdemeanor convictions still carry significant collateral consequences. Prior scholarship has also documented the racial, economic, and spatial disparities inherent to misdemeanor enforcement. In recent years, prosecutors have pursued diversion programming as a strategy to reduce the negative harms of conviction and incarceration for individuals and communities. This study examines the program outcomes for a prosecutor-led misdemeanor diversion program (MDP) in a large, midwestern county and whether MDP completion is associated with reduced recidivism. Administrative data from 4,167 individuals enrolled in MDP between August 2012 and August 2018 were analyzed. Data on arrests and sentencing were obtained from a state criminal justice agency and matched with MDP records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess post-program arrest and incarceration outcomes, including a subsample with three or more years of post-program data. Most participants completed MDP (86.2 %), leading to dismissal of charges. Completion was significantly associated with reduced odds of subsequent arrest (aOR = 0.27) and conviction (aOR = 0.25). Among those with at least three years of follow-up, MDP completion remained significantly associated with reduced arrests (aOR = 0.23) and incarceration (aOR = 0.28). This study also considers the benefits of implementing a light-touch, short-term diversion program for misdemeanors within the broader context of policing practices, racial disparities, and implications for public safety. Overall, MDP completion is associated with reductions in recidivism, suggesting that light-touch diversion programs may be one strategy for disrupting cycles of involvement in the criminal legal system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guns do kill people: Novel global evidence on the cross-national relationship between gun ownership and (gun) homicide 枪支确实会杀人：关于拥有枪支和（枪支）杀人之间跨国关系的最新全球证据

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102512

Tibor Rutar

{"title":"Guns do kill people: Novel global evidence on the cross-national relationship between gun ownership and (gun) homicide","authors":"Tibor Rutar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite recent advances, the existing macro-social, cross-national research on whether gun ownership exacerbates (gun) homicide remains unsettled. Studies report positive, negative, and null results. This is in part due to pervasive methodological issues like small sample sizes, inappropriate modelling and sparse controls for confounding, crude measures of gun ownership, and not differentiating between gun homicide and total homicide rates. This paper presents a novel estimation strategy performed on a new cross-national dataset covering more than 100 countries and spanning 2000–2019, which is by far the largest global sample to date. Using the validated proxy of gun ownership (percentage of gun suicides), both simple cross-sectional as well as Mundlak-corrected, correlated random-effects models – which are robust to time-invariant, country-specific heterogeneity – consistently show evidence of a statistically significant, positive, and sizable effect on gun homicide. This result survives a battery of robustness tests, different controls, and an alternative measure of gun ownership. However, I find no support for the existence of a significant relationship between gun ownership and the total homicide rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility-based neighborhood disadvantage and crime in Houston 基于流动性的社区劣势和休斯顿的犯罪率

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102508

Ling Wu , Claire Seungeun Lee , Chunwu Zhu

{"title":"Mobility-based neighborhood disadvantage and crime in Houston","authors":"Ling Wu , Claire Seungeun Lee , Chunwu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examines the relationship between complex human mobility patterns, neighborhood disadvantage, and crime levels. It operates on the premise that a neighborhood's well-being is shaped not only by static socioeconomic factors but also by the dynamic movement of urban residents. These mobility patterns link neighborhoods to the conditions of both the places their residents visit and those visited by others, forming an interconnected network of influences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study leverages large-scale geocoded cell phone tracking data, along with socioeconomic and crime data, to measure mobility-based neighborhood disadvantage and examine its relationship with violent and property crimes in Houston.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that mobility-based disadvantage is a significant independent predictor of violent and property crimes, even after controlling for residential socioeconomic factors and spatial proximity measures of neighborhood disadvantage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This highlights the significant impact of structural mobility patterns on neighborhood well-being, with potential implications that extend beyond crime to areas such as community capacity and inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justice by privilege? Social inequality in waivers of prosecution among youth. 特权正义？在青少年中放弃起诉的社会不平等。

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102497

Anna Kahlmeter, Olof Bäckman

{"title":"Justice by privilege? Social inequality in waivers of prosecution among youth.","authors":"Anna Kahlmeter, Olof Bäckman","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While equality before the law is a fundamental democratic principle, some disparities in justice delivery are intentional. For example, the sentencing of young offenders has long been the subject of special consideration in the Swedish criminal justice system. This study investigates social inequality based on socioeconomic status in Swedish youths´ access to a waiver of prosecution before and after a youth justice reform, which, among other things, aimed to increase waivers of prosecution. It further explores how socioeconomic status, gender and ethnic background interact and how this relates to youths' chances of being processed with minimal intervention. Findings demonstrate that youths with highly educated parents are more likely to have their cases diverted from a sanction. Still, inequality only appeared after the 2007 youth justice reform. While diversion away from penal sanctions increased for all youths after the reform, the increase was more substantial for youths whose parents had higher levels of education. This suggests that justice-response disparities arose as a knock-on effect of the youth policy reform. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the influence of parental socioeconomic status is more substantial for girls and youths with Western backgrounds. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of sentencing decisions, intersectionality and a resource perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male single-victim sexual homicide arrestees in the U.S.: An exploratory latent class analysis 美国男性单一受害者性杀人被捕者：一种探索性潜在阶级分析

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102500

Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan , Wade C. Myers

{"title":"Male single-victim sexual homicide arrestees in the U.S.: An exploratory latent class analysis","authors":"Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan , Wade C. Myers","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) have been widely acknowledged to be a heterogenous offender population, including those male offenders who perpetrated against only one single victim. Since 2010, to our knowledge, 13 empirically-derived offender classifications of nonserial or single-victim (SV) male SHOs have been identified. The present study has two objectives: (1) to provide a review of these offender classifications for context, and (2) to develop a statistical classification of male SV SHOs using the U.S. FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports database that spanned over a 47-year period (1976–2022). A latent class analysis (LCA) was computed to detect subtypes of male SHOs in a large sample of 3204 offenders. Findings of the LCA identified six unique classes of male SHOs: (1) <em>young victim sexual murderers</em>, (2) <em>homosexual sexual murderers</em>, (3) <em>older victim sexual murderers</em>, (4) <em>female young adult victim sexual murderers</em>, (5) <em>White intra-racial sexual murderers</em>, and (6) <em>Black intra-racial sexual murderers</em>. The distinguishing features of these six classes were the offender's racial group and weapon used; the victim's sex, age, and racial groups; the victim-offender relationship; and the geographical urbanness level of crime location. This empirically-derived offender classification can be informative for law enforcement and other investigative and security professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does time heal all? Evaluating the effect of time since conviction on employability 时间能治愈一切吗？评估定罪后的时间对就业能力的影响

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102496

Chae M. Jaynes, Mateus Rennó Santos, Danielle M. Thomas, Katelyn N. Smith

引用次数: 0

Child sexual abuse in the catholic church: A scoping review of characteristics, prevalence, and explanatory factors 天主教会中的儿童性虐待：特征、流行程度和解释因素的范围审查

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102499

Edoardo Cocco , Yuji Z. Hashimoto , Julien Chopin

{"title":"Child sexual abuse in the catholic church: A scoping review of characteristics, prevalence, and explanatory factors","authors":"Edoardo Cocco , Yuji Z. Hashimoto , Julien Chopin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This scoping review examines the academic literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) within the Catholic Church. Although clerical CSA has received significant global attention through media reports and public inquiries, scholarly research remains fragmented across disciplines and regions. This review synthesizes 50 peer-reviewed articles published between 1985 and 2023. Its goals are to trace the evolution of academic interest, identify dominant research themes, and analyze the disciplinary and methodological characteristics of existing studies. Findings indicate a noticeable increase in publications following major scandals in the early 2000s, particularly in North America, Australia, and Western Europe. The literature is dominated by legal, historical, and psychological approaches, with growing attention to victims' experiences and institutional responses. However, key gaps persist—especially regarding international comparisons, the evaluation of prevention policies, and the inclusion of survivor perspectives from non-Western settings. Quantitative and mixed-methods research remains limited, restricting the development of generalizable insights. This review highlights the need for more interdisciplinary and empirically grounded work, incorporating criminological, sociological, and public health perspectives. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of current academic knowledge, it helps define future research priorities and encourages more systematic, inclusive, and globally informed approaches to institutional CSA in religious contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and violent offending among Belizean male offenders: The mediating role of gang affiliation 不良童年经历与伯利兹男性罪犯的暴力犯罪：帮派关系的中介作用

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102495

Karina M. Garbutt , Song-Lih Huang , Wen-Hsu Lin

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and violent offending among Belizean male offenders: The mediating role of gang affiliation","authors":"Karina M. Garbutt , Song-Lih Huang , Wen-Hsu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violent crime, largely driven by gang-related activity, represents a major public health challenge in Belize. This study examines the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on violent criminal behavior, with a specific focus on the mediating role of gang affiliation. Data were collected from 200 incarcerated males (violent = 103; non-violent = 97) through structured interviews and official prison records. Variables measured included ACEs, gang affiliation, and criminal history. A path analysis using a probit model with bootstrapping (3000 draws) tested for mediation. A Bayesian sensitivity analysis was also conducted to confirm robustness. Initial models showed that ACEs were significantly associated with both violent offending (β = 0.16, <em>p</em> < .05) and gang affiliation (β = 0.14, <em>p</em> < .01). However, the direct effect of ACEs on violent offending became nonsignificant when gang affiliation was included. The indirect effect of ACEs on violent offending via gang affiliation was significant (β = 0.16, 95 % CI [0.05, 0.25]). Bayesian analysis yielded consistent estimates (β = 0.44, <em>p</em> < .01). These findings underscore the importance of addressing early adversity and social-contextual risk factors in violence prevention. Interventions targeting trauma and gang involvement may help reduce violent offending among high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incarcerated as a child, reentering as an adult: The unique reentry experiences and needs of juvenile lifers 童年被监禁，成年再入：少年犯独特的再入经历和需求

IF 2.5 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102494

Tierney K. Huppert , Natalia Covan-Rodriguez , Tristin Faust , Tarika Daftary-Kapur

{"title":"Incarcerated as a child, reentering as an adult: The unique reentry experiences and needs of juvenile lifers","authors":"Tierney K. Huppert , Natalia Covan-Rodriguez , Tristin Faust , Tarika Daftary-Kapur","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the 2016 Supreme Court decision mandating the resentencing of individuals sentenced to mandatory life without parole as children, over 1000 former juvenile lifers have been released. To understand their needs and experiences, we interviewed 47 of them about their early life experiences, time incarcerated, and release and reentry. None of those we interviewed had been arrested post-release, further supporting that juvenile lifers are low-risk releasees. Six themes emerged regarding reentry challenges, three of which were unique to those who grew up in prison: interpersonal relationships, reentry as an adult, and lifetime parole. These challenges included relationship difficulties with both family and romantic partners; adjusting to the fast pace of modern life; and navigating the burden of lifetime parole. These findings provide insight into the challenges faced by individuals incarcerated as children and released decades later. Correctional facilities could ease this transition by increasing the availability of technology-related classes or virtual reality training to simulate real-world experiences and improve reentry preparedness. Given juvenile lifers' low-risk status and high rates of successful reentry, policymakers may reconsider the utility of lifetime parole, as it may functionally be an unnecessary burden that does little to enhance public safety or assist in quality-of-life post-release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0