Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第3页

A comparison of first-time offenders, repeat offenders, and frequent utilizers of the criminal justice system 初犯、惯犯和经常使用刑事司法系统者的比较

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102270

{"title":"A comparison of first-time offenders, repeat offenders, and frequent utilizers of the criminal justice system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frequent utilizers of the criminal justice system heavily strain local resources due to their ongoing interactions with criminal justice agencies and their disproportionate need for social and behavioral health services. We first identify and compare frequent utilizers ‘demographic and legal characteristics to first-time and repeat offenders by analyzing two years of prosecution data from three counties in a large Florida jurisdiction. Ordinal regression is then employed to evaluate the impact of first-time offenders, repeat offenders, and frequent utilizers on filed charge severity and the harshness of punitive sanction. Results reveal that frequent utilizers are more likely to be involved in property and drug offenses than personal offenses. They also have an enhanced proclivity to be represented by public defenders or assigned counsel, be held pretrial, and receive custodial sentences. However, contrary to previous research, our findings show that frequent utilizers exhibit a more serious pattern of offending than first-time or repeat offenders. These findings suggest the need for rigorous state monitoring of frequent utilizers in the community while still underscoring the importance and effectiveness of various rehabilitative and prevention strategies beyond the criminal justice system's purview to address the complexities of frequent utilizers’ needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Get rich quick,” scheme or script? The effect of cryptoculture on the susceptibility of fraud victimization among cryptocurrency purchasers "快速致富"，阴谋还是剧本？加密文化对加密货币购买者遭受欺诈的易感性的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102273

{"title":"“Get rich quick,” scheme or script? The effect of cryptoculture on the susceptibility of fraud victimization among cryptocurrency purchasers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Despite the precipitous rise of cryptocurrency in recent years, little is known regarding the utility and legitimacy of such fiat currencies. This research assesses whether or not a “cryptoculture” exists, and if so, its influence on fraud and/or cryptocurrency loss.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Logistic Regression was used to examine the relationship between cryptoculture and cryptocurrency loss or fraud in a sample of 919 survey respondents who previously purchased cryptocurrency.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results support the existence of a cryptoculture. Respondents who reported higher levels of confidence in cryptocurrency were significantly more likely to also report fraud or loss. This was despite also admitting to feeling more vulnerable when purchasing cryptocurrency. These seemingly conflicting results may actually point to a false sense of confidence by cryptopurchasers driven by cryptoculture, which encourages purchasing decisions to outweigh initial skepticism or distrust.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Underlying mechanisms of cryptocurrency purchasing decisions (like cryptoculture) should continue to be examined in greater depth. Over one-third of cryptocurrency purchasers reported that at least some of their cryptocurrency portfolio is missing, yet many remain confident in their ability to navigate the market. This study provides a nuanced analysis of the factors influencing how victims of fraud may be influenced to participate in risky purchases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug treatment courts and community-level crime 戒毒治疗法庭和社区一级的犯罪

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102267

引用次数: 0

The association between depression and crime outcomes: A Swedish population-based study 抑郁症与犯罪结果之间的关系：一项基于瑞典人口的研究

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102271

{"title":"The association between depression and crime outcomes: A Swedish population-based study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Research on the association between depression and crime is limited regarding different types of crime and severity of crime.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Using Swedish national register data, we explored the association between depression and various crime outcomes and the severity of crime.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We identified 72,057 individuals with an outpatient depression diagnosis between 2001 and 2013. Individuals with depression were age-, sex-, and socioeconomic status (SES)-matched to undiagnosed population controls (<em>n</em> = 1,080,855). Logistic regression models estimated odds of any, violent, property, drug-related and non-violent crime, as well as the severity of crime.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In fully adjusted models, individuals with depression had significantly higher odds of any conviction (adjusted OR [adjOR] 1.66 [95 % CI 1.60–1.71]). This pattern persisted across all crime types (violent, property, drug-related, non-violent), and for crime severity, including increased odds for longer sentences and multiple convictions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Individuals with depression had an increased risk for convictions across all crime types and more severe crimes. Our results emphasize the importance of early identification of risk factors and targeted treatments, and the necessity for clarification of the underlying mechanisms of our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004723522400120X/pdfft?md5=393d0aef2fd515cf51beff0864278e5f&pid=1-s2.0-S004723522400120X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for intergenerational transmission of biological risk for antisocial behavior: Low resting heart rate in fathers predicts elevated criminality in sons 反社会行为生物风险代际传递的证据：父亲静息心率低可预测儿子犯罪率升高

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102258

{"title":"Evidence for intergenerational transmission of biological risk for antisocial behavior: Low resting heart rate in fathers predicts elevated criminality in sons","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Parental history of criminal offending is a major risk factor for later criminal behavior in children. Extensive research has also shown low resting heart rate (RHR), a moderately heritable biological variable, to be prospectively predictive of criminal behavior. Despite its status as a replicable risk factor, limited research exists on RHR's role in the intergenerational transmission of crime. Specifically, it remains unclear whether parent-child resemblance for biological characteristics such as RHR might play a role in intergenerational crime transmission.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The current study was undertaken to clarify the role of RHR in the intergenerational transmission of crime, and test for moderating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on its role, in a large Swedish population-based sample of fathers and their sons combined (<em>N</em> ∼ 266,000).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Beyond replicating prior work documenting paternal crime history and RHR as predictors of later offspring crime, we show that father–son resemblance for RHR accounts in part for father-to-son crime transmission, and that familial SES does not moderate this transmission.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings have important implications for understanding the role of biological and environmental influences in the intergenerational transmission of crime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anger, fear, and frozenness: Exploring the emotive aspect of anti-police sentiment 愤怒、恐惧和冻僵：探索反警察情绪的情感因素

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269

{"title":"Anger, fear, and frozenness: Exploring the emotive aspect of anti-police sentiment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anti-police sentiment has emerged as a growing phenomenon in recent years, characterised by intense negative attitudes towards police. Despite increasing scholarly interest, the lack of a clear definition of anti-police sentiment hinders conceptualisation, measurement, and comparison of findings across jurisdictions. This study aims to provide conceptual clarity by employing sentiment analysis to systematically and objectively explore the emotions underlying anti-police sentiment. Analysis of the negative discourse across 1140 comments on Reddit about police, found that anti-police sentiment is associated with the emotions anger, fear, and frozenness, and potentially may trigger fight, flight, freeze responses in citizens encountering the police. Further, analysis of frequent terms highlights key social issues driving anti-police sentiment, such as police responses to domestic violence and police misconduct. The study contributes to the understanding of anti-police sentiment by identifying the underlying emotions and their potential behavioural outcomes, providing a foundation for future research and policy interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001181/pdfft?md5=6c116aa5cf5bf7679b4e8f0a38880a4f&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the public support anti-gang policies and practices and can opinions be swayed? Experimental evidence from a National Survey of Americans 公众是否支持反黑帮政策和做法？来自美国全国调查的实验证据

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265

{"title":"Does the public support anti-gang policies and practices and can opinions be swayed? Experimental evidence from a National Survey of Americans","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>For the last five decades, gangs have been a criminal justice priority, commanding the attention of police, courts, and corrections. Legislative bodies and local, state, and federal agencies have adapted or engineered policies and practices to combat the influence of gangs. While these efforts have been subject to inquiry by researchers and media, they have largely been uninformed by public opinion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We surveyed 1000 adults in the United States to understand public support for five common yet controversial responses to gangs spearheaded by the criminal justice system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a widespread consensus of support for police gang databases, civil gang injunctions, Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO), and sentencing enhancements, but not solitary confinement. Respondents were not swayed by the experimental presentation of evidence of racial disparities in gang databases or the psychological impacts of solitary confinement; support for civil gang injunctions fell when learning of potential constitutional violations but not violence reduction; support for RICO fell when learning of the organizational structure of street gangs and the potential for guilt-by-association; and sentencing enhancements were no longer supported upon learning the financial cost.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Public opinion maintains a significant role in criminal justice policy and practice on gangs that criminologists should subject to research and evaluation. This research underscores the importance of evidence-based policy formulation and the need for ongoing dialogue between the public, researchers, and policymakers to address challenges as complex and inexorable as gangs and gang violence in communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning analysis of a national sample of U.S. case law involving mental health evidence 对涉及精神健康证据的美国全国判例法样本进行机器学习分析

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266

{"title":"Machine learning analysis of a national sample of U.S. case law involving mental health evidence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Sentencing practices in cases involving defendants with mental disorders are often opaque, as data on case facts and sentencing decisions are not easily accessible.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This paper reports findings from a national U.S. sample of appellate court cases across 46 states (<em>n</em> = 710) that involved mental health evidence. We collected detailed data on judge and defendant characteristics, type and severity of mental disorders, state sociopolitical ideologies, and legal factors such as offense and plea type and criminal history. We used a mixed quantitative approach, including machine learning, to examine how these intricate factors influence sentencing outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A combination of linear regressions and supervised learning techniques reveals important differences in sentencing outcomes based on the type of mental disorder as well as the majority political ideology of states. We additionally show that, as compared to arguing no mental health evidence, having a mental disorder generally did not yield significant differences in sentencing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both a potential lack of scientific comprehension and the influence of sociopolitical ideology may help explain why certain mental disorders are aggravating in punishment contexts. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of supervised learning and classification trees for studying judicial decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001156/pdfft?md5=a7e4c2ca68827ae3b3a649b08c761f74&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the feasibility and performance of risk assessment instruments for early intervention and prevention services in Juvenile Justice 评估少年司法早期干预和预防服务风险评估工具的可行性和性能

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262

{"title":"Assessing the feasibility and performance of risk assessment instruments for early intervention and prevention services in Juvenile Justice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Juvenile justice systems routinely utilize risk assessment instruments (RAIs) to guide the provision of services and custody decisions to optimize youth treatment and system resources. While research has evaluated the validity of RAIs in predicting recidivism risk for justice-involved youth, it has yet to assess the feasibility of using RAIs in a prevention context. The early age and lack of formal delinquency history among this population pose considerable challenges to RAI effectiveness. Drawing data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, analyses explored a sample of 11,472 Prevention Assessment Tool (PAT) assessments administered to youth aged 10 to 16 who had no prior system contact. Off-the-shelf scoring and optimized scoring developed through multivariate and machine learning techniques were employed to validate a prevention risk assessment instrument that predicts the risk of juvenile justice contact until age 18. The results indicate exemplary RAI performance among all optimized statistical techniques across various validation metrics. While performance was consistent across demographic subgroups, there were indications that predictive validity varied across age groups. These findings support the use of RAIs in early intervention and prevention services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of police reform on overall police misconduct and misconduct that involves the use of force 警察改革对警察总体不当行为和涉及使用武力的不当行为的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263

{"title":"The effect of police reform on overall police misconduct and misconduct that involves the use of force","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study investigates whether the Police Reform Bill significantly reduced overall incidents of police misconduct, including those involving the use of force, in Massachusetts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current study employed a monthly interrupted time series (ITS) design using data on overall incidents of police misconduct and incidents involving the use of force, collected from the 438 law enforcement agencies in Massachusetts. The Police Reform Bill was introduced in December 2020. The monthly data covers the period from January 1989 through December, 2023 (<em>N</em> = 420), with January 1989 through December 2021 serving as the period before the implementation of the Police Reform Bill (<em>N</em> = 384) and January 2022 through December, 2023 as the period following the implementation of the Police Reform Bill (<em>N</em> = 36).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the monthly interrupted time series analyses showed that, compared to before the implementation of the Police Reform Bill, the trend in the overall number of police misconduct incidents and the number of misconduct incidents involving the use of force significantly declined after the implementation of the Police Reform Bill.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that the Police Reform Bill is effective in reducing police misconduct and misconduct incidents involving the use of force.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0