Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of ‘modular dosage’ in prison-based psychological interventions to reduce recidivism: A state-wide naturalistic study of convicted people in Australian prisons","authors":"Marlee Bower ,&nbsp;Mark V.A. Howard ,&nbsp;Lexine A. Stapinski ,&nbsp;Michael F. Doyle ,&nbsp;Nicola C. Newton ,&nbsp;Emma L. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Criminal reoffending rates post-release from custody pose significant societal and economic challenges, with up to half of the world's released prisoners reoffending within two years. While psychological interventions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model aim to address this issue, recent research highlights their inefficacy. The ‘EQUIPS’ suite of programs delivers innovative modular-style dosage to meet individual assessed needs and risk of offending, on a large scale in Australia. This study explores the impact of modular dosage in EQUIPS programs on reducing serious reoffending in the 12-months post-release.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employs logistic regression to understand the dose-response relationship in 4345 participations who were referred to EQUIPS during their first incarceration episode (2015–2018). These analyses assess the effects of completing 0 vs. 1 program and 1 vs. 2 programs, addressing potential self-selection bias through inverse probability weighting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Completing 1 vs. 0 program was associated with a 24 % decrease in serious reoffending within the first-year post-release. However, this effect was no longer observed in sensitivity analyses when including participants who did not complete treatment. Completing 2 vs. 1 program was not associated with additional reduction in recidivism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Increasing modular dosage of EQUIPS programs did not reduce recidivism in the 12-months post-release from custody, compared to a single program. The benefits of one compared to no programs were only observed when analyses were restricted to the 56 % of participants who completed all treatment sessions. Emphasising tailored treatment intensity and content, along with responsivity, may yield more meaningful reductions in recidivism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001430/pdfft?md5=68024fad30b501aac995596e99380118&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the process-based model: Do procedural justice and police legitimacy lead to reporting neighborhood problems to the police over time?","authors":"Kiseong Kuen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The process-based model, which emphasizes enhancing procedural justice and police legitimacy, is regarded as a key approach to fostering community members' cooperation with police. Despite its prominence, research on how these perceptions influence actual cooperative behaviors remains scarce, particularly in the context of longitudinal data. This study aims to address these gaps.</p></div><div><h3>Data/methods</h3><p>Multilevel logistic regression modeling was applied to three waves of survey data, primarily collected from crime hot spots in Baltimore City, Maryland, to examine the longitudinal impacts of procedural justice and police legitimacy on the likelihood of reporting neighborhood problems to the police. KHB mediation analysis was used to assess the indirect effect of procedural justice on reporting behavior through legitimacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings provide limited support for the process-based model, revealing that while police legitimacy significantly influenced reporting behavior, there was no evidence of either a direct or indirect effect of procedural justice on reporting neighborhood problems to the police.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions/implications</h3><p>These results question the widely held belief that improvements in procedural justice will lead to public cooperation with law enforcement. Thus, if the goal is to foster long-term cooperation from community members, police strategies may need to extend beyond simply integrating procedural justice principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001399/pdfft?md5=db82a148b66ddd75fd5c8e33a2fd31d6&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size isn't everything: Understanding the relationship between police workforce and crime problems","authors":"Eon Kim ,&nbsp;Kate Bowers ,&nbsp;Dan Birks ,&nbsp;Shane D. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>If and how policing affects crime has long been studied. On the relationship between police force size and crime, different authors come to different conclusions. This study examines the relationship between police resourcing, including workforce size, structure and stability over time using data for 42 police forces in the UK over a 13-year period.</div><div>We construct two novel panel datasets. The first comprises measures of police workforce <em>Size, Structure</em> and <em>Stability</em>. The second provides measures of both crime frequency and crime severity. Issues of endogeneity make the modelling of the police-crime association complicated. Consequently, we analyse the data using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model which is capable of forecasting a temporal sequence of the interdependencies between police-crime relationships.</div><div>Changes in total police personnel play an important role in reducing both crime frequency and severity, but the findings are more nuanced than this. Results highlight that the structure and stability of police organisations are important although these impacts are not always the same for crime volume and crime severity. We find that increases in frontline (non-sworn) support staff are associated with reductions in crime, while turnover rates of police staff are associated with increases in crime. In contrast, changes to the number of sworn police officers do not appear to be a good predictor of crime volume.</div><div>The findings suggest that investment in frontline support staff and the development of strategies to retain skills and knowledge by reducing staff turnover may be efficient approaches for Police Forces to maximise the impact on crime of their workforce in resource-pressed policing settings. While previous research has found that police force size has a limited effect on crime, our findings indicate that more nuanced measurements of police resourcing are necessary to understand how police impact upon crime risk. The idea of police forces using basic officer-to-population ratios to make staffing decisions appears outdated and over-simplistic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001405/pdfft?md5=c44bd5c3b07b40cd045cff888175f115&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to change and coming home from prison","authors":"Kyle Jordan Bares ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Mowen ,&nbsp;Richard Stansfield ,&nbsp;Nathan W. Link ,&nbsp;John H. Boman IV","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study's purpose is to explore the factors which maximize willingness to change within people as they are released from prison. Using data from a panel of men in the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) study and a hybrid item response theory approach, a modified graded response model is used to estimate people's overall willingness to change. That estimate serves as the dependent variable in a series of regression models which examine which factors relate to a person's willingness to change. Results demonstrate that a variety of experiences prior to incarceration (e.g., prior employment, criminally-inclined peers) and during incarceration (e.g., religious support, family conflict) significantly relate to a person's willingness to change. Understanding the pre- and during-incarceration experiences of individuals can help inform policy and reentry programs tailored to increase the positive attitude of being willing to change and desist from crime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001326/pdfft?md5=a809e5ec4927f5cd472c27b54d17c45b&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What makes risky facilities “risky?” A remote systematic social observation of environmental crime predictors at bars in Denver using Google street view imagery","authors":"Nathan T. Connealy,&nbsp;Mary Corts","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Bars have an established relationship to crime and are routinely operationalized as an important predictor of crime occurrence. However, despite this reputation, an interesting paradox exists in that most bars are not criminogenic. This study attempts to explain the variation in crime levels at bars by observing their environments over time.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Environmental features of bars in Denver were recorded using year-over-year Google Street View imagery from 2014 to 2022. Analyses then examined the presence, predictivity, and patterning of the observed environmental features to better explain the relationship between bars, bar environments, and crime over time.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicate that a high number of environmental features are present at bars but only a few features significantly predict crime occurrence. The variation in crime levels at bars may be best explained through specific, situational environmental features and place management tactics. Though, identifying the temporal patterning of environmental features as static or dynamic over time is critical to understanding crime occurrence at bars.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that crime at bars may be attributable to unique combinations of environmental features and temporal considerations at individual bars. Explaining the variation in crime levels may require facility-by-facility nuance to better inform situational crime prevention efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When and where we are: Comparing early criminal careers of organized crime offenders in Italy and the Netherlands across decades","authors":"Francesco Calderoni ,&nbsp;Tommaso Comunale ,&nbsp;Victor van der Geest ,&nbsp;Edward R. Kleemans","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study examines the early criminal careers of organized crime offenders in Italy and the Netherlands and assess how these behaviors have evolved across generations. We (1) compare the early careers with the entire career in the two country samples and (2) assess the influence of generational shifts and social changes on these behaviors, particularly focusing on crime control policies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analyzing data on male offenders born between 1950 and 1986, we analyze criminal careers up to ages 23 and 30. Our analysis includes statistical assessments of differences between countries and among decades, employing multinomial logistic regressions to explore the associations between criminal career parameters and crime categories and the offenders' decade of birth.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant differences were found between the Italian and Dutch samples, reflecting country-specific dynamics in organized crime involvement. Evidence suggests minimal generational shifts towards more serious offending, but notable impacts of social changes, especially in anti-drug and anti-organized crime policies, across individuals born in different decades.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both the societal context (‘where we are’) and temporal influences (‘when we are’) are essential in understanding criminal careers. Changes in policies and social conditions differentially affected organized crime offenders in Italy and the Netherlands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001259/pdfft?md5=ded9877a044efc837556bdad111d1a31&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who is culpable in fentanyl-induced deaths? A survey vignette investigating public perceptions of drug supplier culpability","authors":"Sohee Jung ,&nbsp;Hunter M. Boehme ,&nbsp;Peter Leasure ,&nbsp;Lekendra Kidd ,&nbsp;Melissa Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The fentanyl crisis has received national attention. In the current context, this study sought to assess whether public perception of criminal culpability varies by who supplies fentanyl to an individual who later dies from an overdose.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An experimental vignette of fentanyl-induced death scenarios was implemented by randomizing the relationship of the drug suppliers to the victims as well as race of both the drug supplier and victim. In total, there were eight scenarios.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>OLS regressions on a sample of 4820, found that respondents assigned a scenario where a drug dealer was the fentanyl provider (compared to a friend as the provider) were significantly more likely to support punitive action. There were no significant differences when the race of the drug provider and/or victim were randomized. Robustness checks confirmed these punitive attitudes towards drug dealers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The public views drug dealers as more culpable in fentanyl overdoses. However, the race of both the drug supplier and victim did not impact perceptions of criminal culpability. During a national fentanyl epidemic, the findings have implications for public attitudes towards drug suppliers, public policy, and future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discretion as weakness: Exploring the relationship between correctional officers' attitudes toward discretion and attempted boundary violations","authors":"Leanne Stevens ,&nbsp;William J. Schultz ,&nbsp;Andrew C. Patterson","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research paints discretion as a tool correctional officers (COs) use to navigate their work. Discretion helps COs gain compliance and resolve conflicts amicably, and officers sometimes use it to improve relationships with incarcerated people. However, research also suggest that COs' reliance on discretionary power may produce harmful complications, undermining institutional regulations and creating conditions for serious rule violations. Little quantitative analysis exists on how CO discretion impacts prison operations, making the broader impact of discretion unclear. To address this gap, we use open-access data collected between 2017 and 2018 (<span><span>Griffin &amp; Hepburn, 2020</span></span>). We then test whether a CO's attitude toward discretion may correspond with attempts from incarcerated people to encourage boundary violations. Results show that COs with more liberal attitudes toward discretion correspond with higher odds of being approached by incarcerated people to violate boundaries. Black COs have lower odds of being approached for minor boundary violations, while women officers have higher odds of having incarcerated people try to initiate an inappropriate relationship. Findings show that liberal attitudes among COs toward discretion may encourage incarcerated people to violate the most consequential prison rules. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The journey-to-crime buffer zone: Measurement issues and methodological challenges","authors":"D. Kim Rossmo ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The journey to crime is well-researched in criminology. Fundamental to many of these studies is the offending probability by distance function, a distribution comprised of two key components – distance decay and the buffer zone. However, it is difficult to measure this relationship accurately because of intensive data requirements. Here, we explore this challenge in detail and quantify data requirements.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We define and describe the buffer zone and outline two proposed explanations. Using this framework, four critical research considerations that avoid the ecological fallacy are identified, and a testing procedure proposed. Finally, we conduct simulation analyses to establish minimum data requirements.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We conclude 50 or more observations are needed to reliably determine the shape of an offender's travel distribution, a number much higher than used in previous studies. Two empirical case studies of prolific predatory offenders support these findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Understanding crime journeys is relevant for both theory and practice. Crime travel is central to routine activity and crime pattern theories, and a critical factor in offender decision-making, target choice, spatial displacement, crime scripts, geographic profiling, crime prevention, and risk assessments. The relationship between distance and offending probability must be accurately measured to be properly understood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental incarceration and offspring criminality: A Finnish total population study with sibling comparison","authors":"Ilona Nissinen ,&nbsp;Antti Latvala ,&nbsp;Karoliina Suonpää ,&nbsp;Mikko Aaltonen ,&nbsp;Pekka Martikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>While parental incarceration (PI) is consistently associated with offspring offending, less is known about possible heterogeneity in the association. We examined associations between PI and offspring crime considering possible moderating factors related to parent's criminality and sociodemographic background.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using Finnish total population data of children born in 1987–2003 (<em>N</em> = 1,017,072), we conducted Cox regression models for PI by age 18 and offspring's crime up to age 33. We compared full siblings to further test whether differences in the age and total length of exposure to PI were differentially associated with offending while accounting for unmeasured familial heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both paternal and maternal incarceration were associated with an elevated risk of offspring criminality, but there was significant heterogeneity in the associations. The associations were weaker among offspring of parents with more criminal history and stronger among offspring with longer co-residence with the parent. The associations were typically stronger for maternal as compared to paternal incarceration, and among girls compared to boys. No clear evidence for differential risks related to the age or total length of exposure to PI was found in the sibling analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PI is differently associated with offspring crime depending on the parent's criminal and sociodemographic background.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001247/pdfft?md5=d1948f31fcba8cc4c06f15acd36cf915&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}