Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第4页

Is the static-99R valid for all men with ‘identifiable’ victims? Examining cases of online sexual solicitation of children

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102358

Sarah Paquette , Angela W. Eke , Shelby Scott , Jean-Pierre Guay , Manon Duval , Francis Fortin , Michael C. Seto , Yves Paradis

{"title":"Is the static-99R valid for all men with ‘identifiable’ victims? Examining cases of online sexual solicitation of children","authors":"Sarah Paquette , Angela W. Eke , Shelby Scott , Jean-Pierre Guay , Manon Duval , Francis Fortin , Michael C. Seto , Yves Paradis","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the predictive validity of the Static-99R among 172 men convicted of online sexual solicitation of minors in Canada – 93 from clinical settings and 79 from police investigations. It examined recidivism rates for sexual (any, contact, and child luring) and nonsexual violent offenses, comparing men with and without intent to engage in contact sexual offenses. Results showed the Static-99R effectively predicted recidivism, with modest to strong accuracy for contact sexual recidivism (Harrell's <em>C</em>s = 0.78–0.94), any sexual recidivism (Harrell's <em>C</em>s = 0.66–0.80), and child luring-specific recidivism (Harrell's <em>C</em>s = 0.61–0.71). Predictive validity was consistent regardless of offenders' intent to engage in contact sexual offenses. Calibration analyses indicated the Static-99R underestimated the number of sexual recidivists in our sample. The study also highlighted differences between online and offline offenders, noting that online offenders often had numerous victims, which could complicate risk assessments. Discussion includes the relevance of Static-99R items related to victim characteristics and the need to refine tools for online offenders. Incorporating unique factors of online offenses may enhance the tool's predictive validity and practical application. Future research should address these dynamics to improve risk assessment for online sexual offenders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring mental health profiles of male youth detained in forensic settings: Implications for research and clinical practice

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102357

Diana Ribeiro da Silva , Nina Lindberg , Carlo Garofalo

{"title":"Exploring mental health profiles of male youth detained in forensic settings: Implications for research and clinical practice","authors":"Diana Ribeiro da Silva , Nina Lindberg , Carlo Garofalo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth detained in forensic settings display a high prevalence rate of mental health disorders, mostly Conduct Disorder (CD), usually in comorbidity with other psychopathologies. However, few studies explored whether there are different mental health profiles of these youth. This exploratory study aims to answer two research questions: What mental health profiles exist in youth detained in forensic settings? What are the underlying patterns across and within profiles? A Latent Profile Analysis based on the number of CD criteria and number of comorbid disorders was performed in a sample of 119 male youth detained in Portuguese juvenile detention facilities. Significant mean differences on variables of interest (e.g., sociodemographic/legal/criminal/clinical) across profiles were also tested. Results found two profiles, a severe mentally disturbed profile (moderate/severe type of CD and moderate comorbidity rates) and a highly severe mentally disturbed profile (severe type of CD and high comorbidity rates), which also differ on variables of interest. Findings shed light on the potential heterogeneity of these youth considering their mental health patterns, giving also clues on complexities across and within profiles. This study reinforces the need for accurate assessments and personalized treatment approaches for the specific intervention needs of these youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public perceptions on police use of information technologies: Findings from a randomized vignette experiment

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102336

Kimberly Przeszlowski , Rob T. Guerette

引用次数: 0

Gang injunction, What's your function? Investigating the relationship between civil gang injunctions and gang associates' patterns of association

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102339

Matthew Valasik

{"title":"Gang injunction, What's your function? Investigating the relationship between civil gang injunctions and gang associates' patterns of association","authors":"Matthew Valasik","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The current study examines the influence of civil gang injunctions (CGIs) on the patterns of association among gang associates at the individual- and group-levels in East Los Angeles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis is divided into two parts examining Field Investigation (FI) stops conducted by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). First, how do CGIs influence an individual gang associate's patterns of association is investigated with individual- and event-level data. Next, a case-study approach employing social network analysis is used to examine if CGIs produce observable and consistent changes to the publicly observed social structure of an enjoined gang.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings suggest that CGIs are able to influence the associating patterns of gang associates at the individual-level. That is, enjoined gang associates are less likely to loiter in public, hang out in their gang's known set space, associate with fellow members, and are less visible to police. At the group-level an enjoined gang's group structure either becomes disrupted by the presence of a CGI or conversely fosters an increased connectedness among associates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It appears that CGIs inhibit the public loitering of individual gang associates. At the group-level, divergent findings illustrate the complexity of gang associates' patterns of association and the challenges when attempting to alter them through suppression strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the sources of police use of force in South Korea

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102334

Ha-neul Yim , Jordan R. Riddell , Yung Hyeock Lee

{"title":"Examining the sources of police use of force in South Korea","authors":"Ha-neul Yim , Jordan R. Riddell , Yung Hyeock Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The goal of this study is to investigate what factors shape police use of force in the South Korean context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study draws on systematic observational data collected in 97 police substations across South Korea to examine the extent to which police use of force is influenced by a range of legal and extra-legal factors related to situational, suspect, and officer characteristics of police-suspect encounters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multinomial logistic regression analyses of 427 police-suspect encounters show that encounters involving suspects assaulting an officer and situations involving the conflict between the suspect and another individual at the beginning of an encounter result in physical restraints and impact methods. The study also found that encounters involving older suspects were more likely to result in verbal force, and encounters involving situations in which an increased number of citizens are present on the scene of the interaction were more likely to result in physical restraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings are consistent with the extant literature that officers often respond to legal stimuli when using force, though they also use force on the basis of extra-legal factors. This finding demonstrates the need for de-escalation training for police in South Korea as a means to reduce instances in which officers use force based on extra-legal factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of acute life stressors on mass shooter outcomes

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102322

Alex O. Widdowson, Katelyn M. McMahon, Holly M. Kratzwald

{"title":"The influence of acute life stressors on mass shooter outcomes","authors":"Alex O. Widdowson, Katelyn M. McMahon, Holly M. Kratzwald","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Existing studies indicate that acute life stressors often precede mass shootings and may contribute to the shooter's motivation or exacerbate underlying mental health issues. However, it remains unclear whether these stressors influence mass shooter outcomes—that is, whether the shooter is apprehended, dies by suicide, or is killed by law enforcement or citizens. This study advances the literature by examining the associations between five acute life stressors and mass shooter outcomes and whether these associations vary across different incident types.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data on 539 lone mass shooters in the United States from 1980 to 2018, we employed logistic regression to predict mass shooter outcomes (suicide/killed vs. detained) from measures of recent financial strain, job loss, romantic breakup, interpersonal conflict, and other life stressors. Multiplicative interactions assessed whether these associations vary across incident type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analyses revealed that mass shooters who experienced a recent financial strain and job loss had higher odds of suicide/being killed. In contrast, interpersonal conflict was associated with lower odds of suicide/being killed. Moreover, associations were statistically invariant across family, felony, and public mass shootings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings provide new insights about the predictors of mass shooter outcomes and have implications for prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The limits of digital liberation: The social locations of gang-affiliated girls and women in the digital streets

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102344

John Leverso , Kate K. O'Neill , Alex Knorre , George Mohler

{"title":"The limits of digital liberation: The social locations of gang-affiliated girls and women in the digital streets","authors":"John Leverso , Kate K. O'Neill , Alex Knorre , George Mohler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the social network structure of an online gang forum, focusing on the social location of gang-affiliated girls and women in the “digital streets.” Existing studies highlight how gang members use social media for masculine posturing and promoting violent identities, but there is a significant gap in understanding the digital engagement of girls and women in gangs. Specifically, few studies have directly examined the network positionality of girls and women through social network analysis of digital data. Our research addresses this gap by analyzing user-to-user interactions on a public Facebook page popular among Chicago-area gang members, circa 2015–2016 (4231 positive and negative interactions across 37,403 comments from 6829 user profiles). Digital platforms could offer a space where girls and women who claim gang affiliation can be liberated from analog constraints in establishing gang centrality. Findings indicate, however, that girls and women remain in peripheral network positions, undermining the liberation hypothesis. Our findings challenge optimistic narratives about the liberating potential of social media, underscore the persistence of misogyny in gang culture, and contribute to understanding how digitalization affects gang dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the effects on capital punishment sentencing of aggravating and mitigating factors that are not accepted

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102342

M. Dwayne Smith , Beth Bjerregaard , Julie M. Krupa , John K. Cochran , Sondra J. Fogel

{"title":"Exploring the effects on capital punishment sentencing of aggravating and mitigating factors that are not accepted","authors":"M. Dwayne Smith , Beth Bjerregaard , Julie M. Krupa , John K. Cochran , Sondra J. Fogel","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Murder trials in which the death penalty is sought involves the jury's consideration of aggravating factors (circumstances necessary for the crime to be death penalty eligible) and mitigating factors (considerations submitted by the defense intended to dissuade a death sentence). Using data from capital murder trials in North Carolina from 1990 to 2023, this study examines the relationship of accepted and the heretofore unexplored impact of rejected aggravating, statutory mitigating, and non-mitigating factors on jury sentencing decisions while controlling for a host of other relevant variables. As expected, accepted aggravating factors statistically increased the odds of a death sentence while accepted statutory mitigating factors decreased those odds. However, in a finding not considered in previous the literature, we also determined that aggravating factors submitted but not accepted by the jury decreased the odds of a death sentence while mitigating factors (both statutory and non-statutory) submitted but not accepted increased the odds. A complex analysis of individual aggravators and mitigators revealed considerable variation in these impacts. The implications for the processing of capital punishment cases are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The developmental sequences of events underlying persistence in criminal convictions during adulthood

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102351

Miguel Basto-Pereira , Darrick Jolliffe , David P. Farrington

{"title":"The developmental sequences of events underlying persistence in criminal convictions during adulthood","authors":"Miguel Basto-Pereira , Darrick Jolliffe , David P. Farrington","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between multiple vulnerabilities experienced and accumulated during development, and later life-course persistent offending trajectories is well-established. However, no studies have yet systematically examined how the sequences in which these vulnerabilities are experienced may influence the persistence of criminal behaviour into adulthood. Therefore, this work investigated how the sequences in which risk factors were experienced may contribute to accruing adult criminal convictions among males with justice involvement during adolescence. To this end, we employed the rich and detailed Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a longitudinal study that followed 411 boys from South London from age 8 to age 61. Using an innovative methodological approach, the sequences of risk factors experienced at ages 8–10, 12–14, and 16–18 were mapped and analysed as predictors of adult convictions. Childhood vulnerabilities such as parenting-related problems, low attainment, and risk-taking behaviour at ages 8–10 emerged as key starting points for the developmental sequences leading to adult convictions. At ages 12–14, hyperactivity and low IQ were identified as significant risk factors, followed by school failure and sexual promiscuity at ages 16–18. A very small number of prevalent sequences of risk factors appeared to promote the continuity of convictions from adolescence into adulthood. Our findings suggest that enhancing parenting strategies and fostering school success may prevent the cascade of risk factors promoting life-course persistent offending trajectories. At the transition to adulthood, the most common risk factors and crime-predictive sequences seem to undermine key opportunities for earlier crime desistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence as a tool for detecting deception in 911 homicide calls

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102337

Patrick M. Markey, Samantha Goldman, Jennie Dapice, Sofia Saj, Saadet Ceynek, Tia Nicolas, Lila Trollip

{"title":"Artificial intelligence as a tool for detecting deception in 911 homicide calls","authors":"Patrick M. Markey, Samantha Goldman, Jennie Dapice, Sofia Saj, Saadet Ceynek, Tia Nicolas, Lila Trollip","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically the use of a Large Language Model (ChatGPT), in analyzing 911 calls to identify deceptive reports of homicides. The study sampled an equal number of False Allegation Callers (FACs) and True Report Callers (TRCs), categorized through judicial outcomes. Calls were processed using ChatGPT, which assessed 86 behavioral cues from 142 callers. Using a random forest model with k-fold cross-validation and repeated sampling, the analysis achieved an accuracy rate of 70.68 %, with sensitivity and specificity rates at 71.44 % and 69.92 %, respectively. The study revealed distinct behavioral patterns that differentiate FACs and TRCs. AI characterized FACs as somewhat unhelpful and emotional, displaying behaviors such as awkwardness, unintelligibility, moodiness, uncertainty, making situations more complicated, expressing regret, and self-dramatizing. In contrast, AI identified TRCs as helpful and composed, marked by responsiveness, cooperativeness, a focus on relevant issues, consistency, plausibility in their messages, and candidness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0