Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第10页

Anger, fear, and frozenness: Exploring the emotive aspect of anti-police sentiment 愤怒、恐惧和冻僵：探索反警察情绪的情感因素

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269

Katelyn Davenport-Klunder, Kelly Hine, Nadine McKillop

{"title":"Anger, fear, and frozenness: Exploring the emotive aspect of anti-police sentiment","authors":"Katelyn Davenport-Klunder, Kelly Hine, Nadine McKillop","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anti-police sentiment has emerged as a growing phenomenon in recent years, characterised by intense negative attitudes towards police. Despite increasing scholarly interest, the lack of a clear definition of anti-police sentiment hinders conceptualisation, measurement, and comparison of findings across jurisdictions. This study aims to provide conceptual clarity by employing sentiment analysis to systematically and objectively explore the emotions underlying anti-police sentiment. Analysis of the negative discourse across 1140 comments on Reddit about police, found that anti-police sentiment is associated with the emotions anger, fear, and frozenness, and potentially may trigger fight, flight, freeze responses in citizens encountering the police. Further, analysis of frequent terms highlights key social issues driving anti-police sentiment, such as police responses to domestic violence and police misconduct. The study contributes to the understanding of anti-police sentiment by identifying the underlying emotions and their potential behavioural outcomes, providing a foundation for future research and policy interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001181/pdfft?md5=6c116aa5cf5bf7679b4e8f0a38880a4f&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the public support anti-gang policies and practices and can opinions be swayed? Experimental evidence from a National Survey of Americans 公众是否支持反黑帮政策和做法？来自美国全国调查的实验证据

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265

David C. Pyrooz , James A. Densley , Jose Antonio Sanchez

{"title":"Does the public support anti-gang policies and practices and can opinions be swayed? Experimental evidence from a National Survey of Americans","authors":"David C. Pyrooz , James A. Densley , Jose Antonio Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>For the last five decades, gangs have been a criminal justice priority, commanding the attention of police, courts, and corrections. Legislative bodies and local, state, and federal agencies have adapted or engineered policies and practices to combat the influence of gangs. While these efforts have been subject to inquiry by researchers and media, they have largely been uninformed by public opinion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We surveyed 1000 adults in the United States to understand public support for five common yet controversial responses to gangs spearheaded by the criminal justice system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a widespread consensus of support for police gang databases, civil gang injunctions, Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO), and sentencing enhancements, but not solitary confinement. Respondents were not swayed by the experimental presentation of evidence of racial disparities in gang databases or the psychological impacts of solitary confinement; support for civil gang injunctions fell when learning of potential constitutional violations but not violence reduction; support for RICO fell when learning of the organizational structure of street gangs and the potential for guilt-by-association; and sentencing enhancements were no longer supported upon learning the financial cost.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Public opinion maintains a significant role in criminal justice policy and practice on gangs that criminologists should subject to research and evaluation. This research underscores the importance of evidence-based policy formulation and the need for ongoing dialogue between the public, researchers, and policymakers to address challenges as complex and inexorable as gangs and gang violence in communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning analysis of a national sample of U.S. case law involving mental health evidence 对涉及精神健康证据的美国全国判例法样本进行机器学习分析

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266

Mia A. Thomaidou, Alisha Patel, Sandy S. Xie, Colleen M. Berryessa

{"title":"Machine learning analysis of a national sample of U.S. case law involving mental health evidence","authors":"Mia A. Thomaidou, Alisha Patel, Sandy S. Xie, Colleen M. Berryessa","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Sentencing practices in cases involving defendants with mental disorders are often opaque, as data on case facts and sentencing decisions are not easily accessible.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This paper reports findings from a national U.S. sample of appellate court cases across 46 states (<em>n</em> = 710) that involved mental health evidence. We collected detailed data on judge and defendant characteristics, type and severity of mental disorders, state sociopolitical ideologies, and legal factors such as offense and plea type and criminal history. We used a mixed quantitative approach, including machine learning, to examine how these intricate factors influence sentencing outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A combination of linear regressions and supervised learning techniques reveals important differences in sentencing outcomes based on the type of mental disorder as well as the majority political ideology of states. We additionally show that, as compared to arguing no mental health evidence, having a mental disorder generally did not yield significant differences in sentencing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both a potential lack of scientific comprehension and the influence of sociopolitical ideology may help explain why certain mental disorders are aggravating in punishment contexts. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of supervised learning and classification trees for studying judicial decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235224001156/pdfft?md5=a7e4c2ca68827ae3b3a649b08c761f74&pid=1-s2.0-S0047235224001156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the feasibility and performance of risk assessment instruments for early intervention and prevention services in Juvenile Justice 评估少年司法早期干预和预防服务风险评估工具的可行性和性能

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262

Keller G. Sheppard , Alyssa R. Talaugon , Jorge L. Hernandez

{"title":"Assessing the feasibility and performance of risk assessment instruments for early intervention and prevention services in Juvenile Justice","authors":"Keller G. Sheppard , Alyssa R. Talaugon , Jorge L. Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Juvenile justice systems routinely utilize risk assessment instruments (RAIs) to guide the provision of services and custody decisions to optimize youth treatment and system resources. While research has evaluated the validity of RAIs in predicting recidivism risk for justice-involved youth, it has yet to assess the feasibility of using RAIs in a prevention context. The early age and lack of formal delinquency history among this population pose considerable challenges to RAI effectiveness. Drawing data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, analyses explored a sample of 11,472 Prevention Assessment Tool (PAT) assessments administered to youth aged 10 to 16 who had no prior system contact. Off-the-shelf scoring and optimized scoring developed through multivariate and machine learning techniques were employed to validate a prevention risk assessment instrument that predicts the risk of juvenile justice contact until age 18. The results indicate exemplary RAI performance among all optimized statistical techniques across various validation metrics. While performance was consistent across demographic subgroups, there were indications that predictive validity varied across age groups. These findings support the use of RAIs in early intervention and prevention services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of police reform on overall police misconduct and misconduct that involves the use of force 警察改革对警察总体不当行为和涉及使用武力的不当行为的影响

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263

Peter P. Cassino , Mustafa Demir

{"title":"The effect of police reform on overall police misconduct and misconduct that involves the use of force","authors":"Peter P. Cassino , Mustafa Demir","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study investigates whether the Police Reform Bill significantly reduced overall incidents of police misconduct, including those involving the use of force, in Massachusetts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current study employed a monthly interrupted time series (ITS) design using data on overall incidents of police misconduct and incidents involving the use of force, collected from the 438 law enforcement agencies in Massachusetts. The Police Reform Bill was introduced in December 2020. The monthly data covers the period from January 1989 through December, 2023 (<em>N</em> = 420), with January 1989 through December 2021 serving as the period before the implementation of the Police Reform Bill (<em>N</em> = 384) and January 2022 through December, 2023 as the period following the implementation of the Police Reform Bill (<em>N</em> = 36).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the monthly interrupted time series analyses showed that, compared to before the implementation of the Police Reform Bill, the trend in the overall number of police misconduct incidents and the number of misconduct incidents involving the use of force significantly declined after the implementation of the Police Reform Bill.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that the Police Reform Bill is effective in reducing police misconduct and misconduct incidents involving the use of force.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homicidality risk prediction based on ecological systems theory in an early adolescent cohort using machine learning 利用机器学习，基于生态系统论预测青少年群体的躁狂症风险

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102261

Min Li , Ting Tang , Yuheng He , Yingying Tong , Mengyuan Yuan , Yonghan Li , Xueying Zhang , Gengfu Wang , Puyu Su

{"title":"Homicidality risk prediction based on ecological systems theory in an early adolescent cohort using machine learning","authors":"Min Li , Ting Tang , Yuheng He , Yingying Tong , Mengyuan Yuan , Yonghan Li , Xueying Zhang , Gengfu Wang , Puyu Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Identifying high-risk adolescents prone to homicidality, linked to serious criminal activities and homicide, offers vital avenues for homicide prevention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study analyzed data from 1596, 1596, and 1526 students at baseline, one-year, and two-year follow-ups, respectively, drawn from the Chinese Early Adolescent Cohort study. Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, predictors of adolescent homicidality were categorized into individual, family, and school and peer levels. Five machine learning methods were utilized to construct prediction models for homicidality risk and to pinpoint predictive factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Logistic regression models using only significant features effectively predicted adolescent homicidality and new onsets in the short term, as well as homicidal trajectories throughout early adolescence. Key factors identified included suicidal ideation, emotional abuse, life satisfaction, physical violence, and verbal violence, with suicidal ideation and emotional abuse emerging as the most critical predictors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study successfully developed risk-predictive models for adolescent homicidality using machine learning, emphasizing suicidal ideation and emotional abuse as primary predictors. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions focused on these key variables for the early prevention of adolescent homicide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual and neighborhood factors in residence-to-crime distances for property, drug, and violent offenses 财产、毒品和暴力犯罪中居住地与犯罪距离的个人和邻里因素

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102257

John Wooldredge , Amanda Graham , James Frank

{"title":"Individual and neighborhood factors in residence-to-crime distances for property, drug, and violent offenses","authors":"John Wooldredge , Amanda Graham , James Frank","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Individual and neighborhood level effects on distances separating offenders' residences from their crime locations were compared across property, personal, and drug crimes as well as all offenses combined.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Police and court data for 2529 felony arrestees referred to a County Prosecutor's Office in the northern mid-west were examined. Multilevel generalized least squares models were estimated with offenders nested within block groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Residence/crime distances were generally shorter for rape, assault, and homicide relative to burglary, breaking and entering, theft, and robbery. Concentrated economic disadvantage was inversely related to distances for all crimes combined, and for drug crimes and assaults specifically. Significant individual level effects on distances for specific offenses included race (robbery, drugs, assault), prior arrests (theft), offense seriousness (thefts and drug crimes), and victim-related factors (robberies and assaults), but not always in expected directions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Relative to offender demographics (age, sex, race), incorporating more proximate hypothesized effects on residence/crime distances in related studies (criminal priors, offense severity, acting alone versus in a group, neighborhood SES, etc.) will be useful for informing crime prevention strategies. More proximate effects on these distances might partially or fully mediate demographic effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From mobility to crime: Collective patterns of human mobility and gun violence in Baltimore City 从流动到犯罪：巴尔的摩市人口流动和枪支暴力的集体模式

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102256

Xinyi Situ

{"title":"From mobility to crime: Collective patterns of human mobility and gun violence in Baltimore City","authors":"Xinyi Situ","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> In this research, I investigated the link between collective mobility patterns—specifically inward population flow and residential mobility—and changes in reported gun violence incidents in Baltimore City. I also examined whether this relationship differs among various types of gun violence. Furthermore, I explored the potential moderating influence of collective mobility patterns on the relationship between neighborhood hotspot coverage and occurrences of gun violence.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The data were sourced from a blend of mobile device location data, Part 1 crime data from the Baltimore Police Department, the American Community Survey, and the zoning map of Baltimore. I used Poisson regression with Moran Eigenvector Spatial Filtering (MESF) for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Inward population flow consistently exhibited a positive relationship with gun violence regardless of its subtype, whereas residential mobility demonstrated significant influence primarily on firearm-related robbery incidents. Moderation analysis indicated that depending on the type of gun violence being assessed, either inward population flow or residential mobility could attenuate its association with neighborhoods' crime hotspot coverage<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Understanding collective mobility patterns is crucial for comprehending the spread of gun violence. Such insights can assist law enforcement agencies in refining hotspot policing strategies and adapting police tactics accordingly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of violent behavior on co-offender selection: Evidence of behavioral homophily 暴力行为对共同犯罪人选择的影响：行为同质性的证据

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102259

Joke Geeraert , Luis E.C. Rocha , Christophe Vandeviver

{"title":"The impact of violent behavior on co-offender selection: Evidence of behavioral homophily","authors":"Joke Geeraert , Luis E.C. Rocha , Christophe Vandeviver","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Research into adolescent co-offending has predominantly focused on individual differences in co-offender selection, with less attention to diversity in offending behavior. Research suggests that offenders with a violent history may be less desirable as co-offenders, potentially leading to homophily based on offending behavior. This study aims to examine homophily based on violent offending behavior among co-offenders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We applied social network analysis to a Belgian co-offending network (<em>N</em> = 33,815) using police data and introduced a measure of individual violence level based on offense types. We hypothesized that suspects tend to co-offend with suspects who share a similar violence level, and examined the relationship between network structure and the suspects' violence level.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results demonstrate a significant degree of homophily based on violence, with a more pronounced effect among non-violent suspects. This effect was consistent across different age groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings reveal behavioral homophily in violent offending behavior and highlight the importance of including older suspects to fully understand network dynamics. Intervention strategies should consider the broader criminal social environment to prevent the escalation of violence. Future research should employ dynamic network analyses to better understand the influence of violent behavior in co-offending networks over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing racial and ethnic differences in the correlates of court legitimacy 测试法院合法性相关因素的种族和民族差异

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102252

Chae M. Jaynes , Jacqueline G. Lee , Richard K. Moule Jr

引用次数: 0