Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Jejuno-jejunal intussusception secondary to feeding jejunostomy tube: a case report.","authors":"Youssef Motia, Dounya Douah, Smail Sourni, Said Bassel, Lamribah Mohamed, Youssef Harrouni, Hamza Haddani, Ayoub Madani, Mohamed Ouazni, Mehdi Soufi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.12.44774","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.12.44774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feeding jejunostomy is a simple and common procedure used to provide enteral nutrition. Acute intestinal intussusception on a jejunostomy tube is a rare complication that can have catastrophic consequences and often requires urgent surgical intervention. We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient with a stenosing hypopharyngeal tumor leading to complete aphagia. Due to the severe deterioration of her general condition, the patient underwent surgery, and a Witzel-type feeding jejunostomy was performed. The patient's postoperative course was notable for the development of intussusception around the jejunostomy tube two months later, which required surgical intervention. The recovery was uneventful. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve the prognosis of this particular form of acute intestinal intussusception. Treatment is almost exclusively surgical.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pure yolk sac tumor of the testis on histopathology: a clinical image.","authors":"Shivali Kalode, Prerna Tekulwar","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.8.44804","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.8.44804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen, associated risk factors, and liver enzyme abnormalities among individuals with diabetes in Aksum town public hospitals, Tigray, northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Mengstab Teklehaymanot Gebrelibanos, Krishna Chaithanya Karri, Tuem Gebre Abraha, Hailay Gebreyesus, Haftom Hadush Kidane, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shfare","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.6.43263","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.6.43263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver; it is a major threat to public health and is more prevalent worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with increasing mortality and burden of disease particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study intended to assess the prevalence of HBsAg, associated risk factors, and liver enzyme abnormalities among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Aksum town public hospitals, Tigray, northern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 359 randomly selected individuals with diabetes mellitus in public hospitals of Aksum town from February 10 to May 10, 2021. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysis was made using the statistical software SPSS version 21 for Windows. Bivariate and multivariate Logistic regression model was applied to show association between the dependent and independent variables; P <0.05 and 95% confidence interval was considered for statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in this study, 359 individuals with DM were included with a mean age (mean ± SD) of 46.44 ±16.58 years. The percentage of female participants was 44.3% (159/359). The prevalence of HBsAg among individuals with diabetes mellitus in Aksum town public hospitals was 12.8% (95% CI:8.9-17.0%). The associated risk factors were being employed [AOR:13.38, 95% CI 2.79-64.11; p<0.05], having history of multiple sexual partner [AOR:3.49, 95% CI 1.33-9.12; p<0.05], having history of body incision or piercing [AOR:3.80, 95% CI 1.12-12.90; p<0.05], liver enzyme abnormalities [AOR:6.90, 95% CI 2.17-21.94; p<0.005], and being single and widowed in marital status [AOR:4.42, 95% CI1.62-12.07; p<0.05].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>based on the HBsAg positivity, the prevalence of HBV among individuals with diabetes mellitus in this study area was high, as compared to the national findings. Therefore, integrated efforts should be made at the community and health facility level to raise awareness of the associated risk factors, and reduce the spread of HBV; targeted screening of HBV among people with diabetes is also important to minimize liver abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid dysfunction among patients assessed by thyroid function tests at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study.","authors":"Emmanuel Donkoh Aidoo, Grace Korkor Ababio, Benjamin Arko-Boham, Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe, Nii Ayite Aryee","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.7.44173","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.7.44173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>previous studies in African populations have not extensively described the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction using the profile of thyroid hormones. Although iodine deficiency is a common thyroid disorder in Africa, it does not represent the entire spectrum of thyroid dysfunction seen in patients. This retrospective study aimed to describe the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction among patients seen at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), a tertiary care hospital in Accra, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a retrospective analysis of medical records of all consultations on thyroid disorders seen at the Internal Medicine Department of KBTH between January 2019 and December 2021 was conducted. Information on patient demographics, and thyroid hormone profiles (triiodothyronine - FT3, thyroxine - FT4, and thyroid stimulating hormone - TSH) were extracted and subjected to descriptive statistics. The thyroid hormone profiles of the subjects were analyzed and classified into thyroid dysfunction categories using guidelines from the American Thyroid Association (ATA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>out of the 215 patients with thyroid disorders enrolled, 85.1% (n=183) were females and 14.9% (n=32), were males. The mean age of patients was 45±14 years, with most of the patients within the age range of 31-50 years (49.3%; n=106). The most reported thyroid function dysfunction was primary hyperthyroidism (57.7%), followed by primary hypothyroidism (22.3%), subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.3%), euthyroid sick syndrome (6.5%), and subclinical hypothyroidism (4.6%) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>primary hyperthyroidism was the most commonly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction. Hyperthyroidism has been associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality. Timely interventions are required to reduce the morbidity risks and burden associated with the hyperthyroid state.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perilous path: reimagining promotion and tenure in African academia.","authors":"Alphonsus Neba, Luchuo Engelbert Bain","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.5.44855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.5.44855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current scientific publication architecture and business models are structured to privilege high-impact Western journals. This has been perpetuated in academia and by funding agencies, where a researcher´s value is often measured by the number of publications and where these papers are published. However, the current system renders journals from low- and middle-income countries, including African journals, largely invisible. Indeed, it is important to answer the fundamental question of why we conduct research. Most would argue that research is only ethically grounded if its core purpose is to create impact and improve lives. There is compelling evidence that the time lag from evidence generation to translation into policy is about 17 years. There is no evidence that publishing in a high-impact journal is more likely to create an impact. Indeed, the move by many universities away from using the impact factor as a measure of academic value is increasingly welcomed. It has become critical to redefine and restructure academic merit. In this essay, we will explore the Afro-centric dimensions of the publish-or-perish rhetoric and its impact on tenure in African academia. We argue that context-relevant and alternative metrics are needed to redefine academic merit, as well as the intentionality of African governments and universities to invest in, trust, and value their own journals as non-negotiables in giving African journals the visibility and trust they deserve. We present an African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC) approach, supported by the Gates Foundation, intentional in decolonizing the global publication space, and clearly aligns with its mission of improving lives in Africa through research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubella seroprevalence among unvaccinated school-aged children in Jos, North Central, Nigeria.","authors":"Hyelshilni Samuel Waziri, Fatima Giwa, Adebola Tolulope Olayinka, Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri, Clement Koeloengan Da'am, Yahaya Mohammed, Patrick Nguku, Samuel Abednego Dahal, Ugochukwu Nwokoro, Joseph Nakah, Yadang Dasohot Maktep, Ahmed Olowo-Okere","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.1.44172","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.1.44172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>rubella poses a significant public health threat, particularly in developing countries, where congenital rubella remains a preventable concern. This cross-sectional study examined rubella seroprevalence among children aged 10 and under from May to September 2016 in Jos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>using a multistage sampling method, eligible participants who had not been vaccinated against the rubella virus and consented to participate in the study were recruited across schools in the city. Rubella-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected from eluted serum collected from the participants using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis and visualization was done using the R software version 4.3.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of the 405 participants investigated in this study, 336 (82.96%) tested positive for rubella IgG, while 9 (2.22%) tested positive for rubella IgM. Factors such as age ≥ 5 years and lack of Western education showed significant associations with rubella seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this study highlights the seroprevalence of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies among children aged 10 and under in Jos, Nigeria. The significant associations between rubella seropositivity and factors such as age ≥ 5 years and lack of Western education underscore the necessity for an effective rubella vaccination program to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of social investment in health systems reform: a case study of results-based financing in Marondera District, Zimbabwe.","authors":"Prosper Nyabani, Bhekinkosi Moyo, Keratiloe Sishoma Mogotsi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.4.43943","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.4.43943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>suboptimal use of donor funds and poor health systems performance is rife across most developing countries; to address this, results-based financing (RBF) models were developed. However, it is imperative to explore the emic and context specific influence of results-based financing in health systems performance. This study therefore sought to explore the influence of results-based financing on health worker motivation and governance, temporal perspective, distributional principle, and policy coherence. Finally, the influence of results-based financing on interrelations across donors, technical partners, and health workers was explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>the study adopted a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, phenomenological design using audio-recorded face-to-face semi-structured interviews to capture diverse perspectives from the remaining and available two health financing experts, two technical partner organization representatives, and six health workers who have been implementing results-based financing from 2011 to 2022 in the Marondera district of Zimbabwe. Data was transcribed and collectively analyzed using NVIVO software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>improved staff motivation, better governance, health system development, equity, and policy consistency were attributable to results-based financing, notwithstanding several challenges including understaffing, increased workload, procurement red tape, financial rigidity, and delays in subsidy payments, which eroded gains of better performance. Additionally, a lack of continuum of care due to user fees faced by the poor at higher levels of care, and limited engagement between donors and healthcare facility workers were also observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> reinforcing pinpointed positives is vital for sustaining realized health gains; however, urgent attention is required to address the challenges to safeguard the milestones achieved thus far.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute severe hepatitis and COVID-19: case report.","authors":"Saber Hmimass, Maryeme Kadiri, Mohamed Borahma, Fatima-Zahra Chabib, Camelia Berhili, Nawa Lagdali, Imane Ben Elbarhdadi, Fatima-Zahra Ajana","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.2.44247","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.2.44247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared an international public health emergency. Patients with COVID-19, even without a history of liver disease, frequently present with liver test disturbances. Due to the multisystemic involvement of COVID-19, the pathogenesis of liver injury is likely to be multifactorial, involving systemic inflammation, small vessel thrombosis, hepatic hypoxia, and potential drug toxicity, ruling out direct infection of hepatocytes by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 can cause severe acute hepatitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old man admitted to emergency with abdominal pain who presented with acute severe liver failure before respiratory signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung abscess complicating a case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"Sreeprada Bollineni, Gaurang Aurangabadkar","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.3.44889","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.3.44889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Carcinosarcomas of the common bile duct: a case report].","authors":"Khalid Rabbani, Tariq Ahbala, Mohamed Boulatar, Abdellatif Nebgui, Abdelouahed Louzi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.190.43645","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.190.43645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carcinosarcomas of the bile ducts are very rare tumors. Their diagnosis and management remain difficult. We here report the case of a patient in whom the diagnosis was suspected due to cholestatic jaundice associated with a deterioration in general condition. Biologically, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were elevated. Imaging showed a tumor in the head of the pancreas. Surgical exploration, tumor biopsy and anatomo-immunohistochemical study confirmed the biliary origin. The purpose of our case report is to highlight the difficulties in diagnosis and management as well as the importance of anatomopathological and immunohistochemical studies in confirming the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"48 ","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}