Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence and microbiological features of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species isolation from healthcare personnel in a dental clinic in Tripoli, Libya.","authors":"Hana Abdulnabi Jlaytah, Rahma Omar Ahmed, Samira Guma Amri, Ezzeddin Aghila, Mohamed Omar Ahmed","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.77.39662","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.77.39662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home processed complementary foods, caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practice in a rural community in Kenya: a mixed method study.","authors":"Susan Moraa Momanyi-Nyasimi, Judith Kimiywe, Hudson Nyambaka","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.78.38148","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.78.38148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>despite evidence of the health benefits of fermented and germinated foods, consumption is waning, particularly among children in Kenya. We conducted this study to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and use of fermented and germinated complementary foods in Homa-Bay County to advocate for their use as an additional tool to address the prevalent iron and zinc deficiency among children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>an explorative mixed-study design. Six focus group discussions; followed by a cross-sectional quantitative survey with 314 caregivers. Atlas-ti software and SPSS were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>this community was aware of and practiced germination and fermentation of foods. However, the older caregivers knew 1.5 times more foods than younger caregivers. Caregivers' inadequate knowledge about the benefits of germinated and fermented complementary foods and a negative attitude, prevented children been offered these foods. The caregivers´ greatest concerns were diarrhea following the consumption of fermented food and the potential for stomach ulcer development due to the acidity in these foods. The caregiver's attitude, age, and level of education significantly influenced the use of fermented and germinated complementary foods. A positive attitude (AOR 4.897, 95% CI: 1.616-14.844), being 35 years or older (AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.670-4.428), and having no or only a primary level of education (AOR 3.344, 95% CI: 1.319-8.480) were all associated with a higher likelihood of using fermented or germinated foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>to encourage caregivers to use germinated and fermented complementary foods, there must be concerted efforts to educate the community on the benefits of consuming these foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next generation sequencing and genomic mapping: towards precision molecular diagnosis of lung cancer in Morocco.","authors":"Ouafaa Morjani, Noura Mounaji, Meriem Ghaouti, Hassan Errihani, Elmostafa El Fahime, Hamid Lakhiari","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.75.45306","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.75.45306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a significant incidence in Morocco. The complex epidemiology of this disease in the country necessitates an in-depth analysis of genetic profiles to improve diagnosis and treatment. This study utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS) to map genetic alterations in Moroccan patients with lung cancer, a field where molecular data is largely lacking. Importantly, this study presents a pioneering analysis of lung cancer in the Moroccan population using next-generation sequencing technology. While previous studies focused on a limited number of genes, our research provides a comprehensive and detailed perspective on the genetic alterations within this cohort, including the generation of an oncoprint.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this study involved 100 histologically confirmed lung cancer patients. Genetic abnormalities were detected using the NGS technique with the Oncomine Precision Assay GX protocol. Lung biopsy samples were prepared, purified, and sequenced, with the resulting data analyzed to identify significant genetic variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the analysis revealed genetic alterations in 13 different genes, with a notable prevalence of mutations in the TP53, KRAS, and Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) genes. TP53 mutations were present in 27% of cases, while KRAS and EGFR showed mutations in 19% and 14% of samples, respectively. Clinically significant mutations were also identified in the ALK, MET, ERBB2, and ROS1 genes, highlighting substantial genomic diversity in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the results of this study enhance the understanding of genetic alterations in Moroccan lung cancer patients and underscore the need to strengthen efforts for advanced molecular diagnosis in Morocco. The use of NGS has identified critical genetic mutations, facilitating the development of personalized treatments and improving clinical outcomes. These findings pave the way for future research aimed at refining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, thereby contributing to better patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological and histopathological correlations in oligodendroglioma: a comprehensive case report.","authors":"Shivali Kalode, Sarang Banait","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.73.45324","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.73.45324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oligodendroglial tumors are rare tumors that constitute part of the neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system. A diffuse, low-grade astrocytoma (WHO grade II), oligodendrogliomas are typically encountered in adults, with children under the age of 15 accounting for about 25% of cases. Although they can arise anywhere in the central nervous system, oligodendrogliomas typically occur in the cerebral white matter. Radiotherapy is the main mode of treatment since surgical intervention is limited to the role of biopsy and management of secondary effects, due to the deep brain location of the lesion and the complexity of the involved structures. Here, we are reporting a case of an 11-year-old male, who presented with a complaint of headache and underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) that showed a heterogenous lesion with evidence of calcification and surrounding edema compressing the third ventricle. Oligodendroglioma was diagnosed with histopathological correlation which further confirmed the diagnosis. The patient then underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant therapies. A patient's prognosis is typically bad in rare occurrences of diffuse white matter spread oligodendroglioma, which can have a significant effect on neurological health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Incidence and determinants of viral load rebound in people receiving multi-month dispensing of antiretroviral therapy at the Regional Annex Hospital of Dschang from 2018-2023].","authors":"Elvira Francheska Kengni, Djerry Dunhill Nzapze, Cavin Epie Bekolo, Charles Kouanfack","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.74.45348","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.74.45348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>in Cameroon, multi-month dispensing (MMD) of antiretrovirals (ARVs) was introduced to improve treatment adherence among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, this strategy has limitations that may lead to viral load rebound. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and factors associated with viral rebound in PLHIV receiving MMD at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital between 2018 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the incidence of viral rebound (increase of over 100 copies/mL after suppression) and its determinants in patients on MMD versus those on monthly dispensing (MD) from January 2018 to December 2023. Data were collected from patients´ medical records using a standardized data collection sheet. Descriptive statistics were followed by bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with viral rebound, with a significance threshold of p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 519 patients (438 on MMD and 81 on MD) were included. The incidence of viral rebound was 18.8% among patients on MMD compared to 37.8% among those on MD. The male-to-female ratio was 0.53, with the majority of patients aged 30 to 45 years. MMD coverage decreased from 76% in 2018 to 51.02% in 2023. Factors significantly associated with viral rebound included dispensing type (p=0.001), treatment interruption (p=0.001), age group 30-45 years (p=0.001) and tobacco use (p=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the incidence of viral rebound is higher among patients on MD. Improving the management of PLHIV and promoting healthier lifestyle choices are essential to prevent long-term treatment failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute ischemic stroke during cardiac catheterization: a rare case report in Malaysia.","authors":"Mei Yin Pong, Jun Fai Yap, Hong Guan Sim, Kee Wei Lee, Anwar Suhaimi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.72.45624","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.72.45624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute stroke occurring during cardiac catheterization is an extremely uncommon procedural complication. There is a significant research gap in the published literature regarding the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke during percutaneous coronary intervention in Asian populations, with most data originating from western countries, underscoring the need for localized studies to develop tailored detection and management strategies. We present the case of a 70-year-old Indian woman with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who experienced an acute ischemic stroke while undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Malaysia. We hypothesized that the clinically relevant cerebral infarction might have originated from large plaques located along the aortic arch. Catheterization-related strokes caused by embolization of fresh thrombi forming at the catheter or guidewire tips should be thrombolysed. Choosing the transradial approach reduces stroke risk but requires careful use of appropriately sized instruments and meticulous handling of guidewires to ensure patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric ocular tuberculosis: a case report of complex clinical manifestations and its successful management.","authors":"Affannul Hakim, Evelyn Komaratih, Ismi Zuhria","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.68.45595","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.68.45595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular tuberculosis in children poses significant visual risks and exhibits distinct characteristics compared to adults, necessitating careful diagnosis and management. This case illustration presents a 10-year-old girl with intermittent redness in her left eye. Despite initial treatment, her condition worsened, leading to blurred vision. She was diagnosed with ocular tuberculosis complicated by phlyctenular conjunctivitis, interstitial keratitis, diffuse anterior scleritis, anterior uveitis, and neuroretinitis. Antituberculosis therapy was initiated alongside corticosteroids and neuroprotective treatment. The patient showed significant improvement within one month and achieved full resolution after two months of treatment. Ocular tuberculosis in children, it often accompanies extrapulmonary tuberculosis and can lead to significant complications. Additionally, children tend to exhibit a heightened inflammatory response to ocular tuberculosis, necessitating more aggressive corticosteroid therapy to manage the condition effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Undescended testicle in children: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features in three referral hospitals in the city of Douala, Cameroon].","authors":"Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle, Axel Stéphane Nwaha Makon, Willy Elysée Kana, Landry Oriole Mbouché, Armel Quentin Essomba, Pauline Mantho, Dieudonné Feukam, Edouard Hervé Moby Mpah, Faustin Mouafo Tambo, Marcellin Ngowe Ngowe","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.70.40517","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.70.40517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Undescended testis (UDT) refers to the actual absence of one or both testicles from their normal position in the scrotum. It can lead to testicular atrophy, malignancy and male infertility. Our study highlights the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of UDT in 3 referral hospitals in Douala.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study over 10 years (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021). We collected data from the medical records of patients aged 1 to 15 years, who underwent surgery for UDT. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were collected, recorded and analyzed using CS Pro 7.3 and SPSS 23 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>we reviewed 741 records, excluding 595 that were not managed during our study period, leaving 105 cases included. UDT accounted for 1.39% (741 out of 53,431 cases) of urological consultations. The average age was 6.65±3.13 years. Scrotal emptiness was the main reason for consultation (81.9%), discovered by a parent at home in 76.7% of cases (n=66). Six point seven percent of the patients (n=7) had a brother with a history of UDT and 2.8% (n=3) a father. The left testis was most commonly affected: 44.8% (n=47). The testis was palpable in the inguinal region in 91.4% of cases (n=96). The diagnosis was mainly clinical, with ultrasound performed in 14 patients (13.4%). Cryptorchidism was the most diagnosed condition: 85.7% (n=90). The average hospital stay was 1.85±0.74 days. Two surgical approaches were used: inguinal in 99 patients (94.3%) and laparoscopic in 6 patients (5.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>from our study, we can conclude that UDT is a relatively uncommon condition in urological consultations, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and management. Surgically, two approaches are available: the inguinal approach, which is the most commonly used, and laparoscopy, which is essential when the testicles are intra-abdominal or non-palpable in the inguinal region.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determinants of vaccine acceptance in Makokou, Gabon].","authors":"Ulrick Jolhy Bisvigou, Edgard Brice Ngoungou, Steeve Minto'o Rogombe, Sydney Maghendji Nzondo, Euloge Ibinga","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.71.41612","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.71.41612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>de nombreuses connaissances erronées dans les communautés de Makoukou nécessitent d'être corrigées par le PEV, afin d'intégrer une culture de vaccination.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the root causes of vaccine hesitancy in communities must be determined in order to address them. Analyzing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parents could help explain the poor performance of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a household survey was conducted in the city of Makokou in October 2021. The questionnaire covered five areas of vaccination: access, accessibility, information, acceptance and activation. A descriptive analysis followed by logistic regression was performed to measure the effect of vaccine acceptance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 486 people, from urban (66%) and rural (34%) areas, were surveyed. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 86 years old, with an average age of 28.5±11.3 years, and a sex ratio of 0.69. The number of dependent children ranged from 0 to 21, with an average of 1.3 children. The majority of respondents (61.9%) were unaware of the EPI; the most recognized disease was tetanus (37%) and the main source of information was family discussion (40.5%). The main issues at vaccination centers were waiting times (51.9%), lack of information (26.7%) and poor reception (20.2%). Nearly half (48%) did not trust government vaccines. Male gender, rural living environment, difficulty in accessing the centers, and lack of information were the main factors associated with vaccine acceptance in Ogooué-Ivindo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>numerous misconceptions in the communities of Makokou need to be corrected by the EPI to foster a culture of vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergy to the fistula needle: a rare cause of allergy in hemodialysis (a case report).","authors":"Meriam Khadhar, Rania Kendil, Sarra Hadded, Hanene Gaied, Raja Aoudia, Asma Bettaieb, Mouna Jerbi, Rym Goucha","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.69.43847","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.69.43847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaphylactic reactions are rare but potentially life-threatening events that may occur during medical procedures. This present case highlights a distinct occurrence of an anaphylactic reaction in a patient undergoing hemodialysis, specifically induced by the utilization of a fistula needle along with a review of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}