Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Preoperative quality of life of patients with cleft lip and palate in Nigeria: a multicentre cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Afieharo Igbibia Michael, Adeola Adenike Olusanya, Chinedu Michael Okoli, Bardi Martins, Akintunde Joseph Akintayo, Ijeoma Onwuagha","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.50.42111","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.50.42111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QoL) of the patient with a cleft lip or palate scheduled for surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this analytic multicenter cross-sectional study involved six participating Smile Train Partner Hospitals from five geopolitical zones of the country and three major ethnic groups. Patients with cleft lip or cleft palate aged between 8 to 29 years scheduled for repair were recruited. The main outcome measure was quality of life scores as measured by cleft Q.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>thirty-four (females 18, males 16) patients were scheduled for surgery of either cleft lip n=7 (20.6%) or cleft palate n=27 (79.4). Patients scheduled for primary surgeries were more than those for secondary surgeries, 23 (68.7%) vs 10 (30.3%). Of the QoL scales, the speech distress score was the least (56.0 ± 22.6) and the psychological score highest (73.9 ± 15.8). All QoL mean scores except the psychological score fell below normative cleft Q scores. The psychological scores in males (80.9 ± 16.2) were significantly higher than in females (67.7 ± 12.9, p=0.01). Patients for lip repair had lower psychological scores than those for palatal repair (median=59 vs 73, p=0.01). Patients for palate repair demonstrated significantly lower speech function and distress scores than those for lip repair (p=0.01, p<0.01 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>most of the QoL measures in patients with cleft lip and palate in this study fell below normative values. Gender and cleft type affect the quality of life. A larger study is recommended to establish national normative data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological profiles of pediatric COVID-19 in two private Kenyan hospitals.","authors":"Del-Rossi Sean Quadros, Jasmit Shah, Angela Migowa, Pauline Samia, William Macharia","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.48.39305","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.48.39305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 infection has attracted global attention with limited published data on the burden in African children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hospital-based longitudinal survey in children with COVID-19 infection, aged 0-18 years admitted between August 2020 and December 2021. The main objective of the study was to describe socio-demographic, clinical and diagnostic manifestations of COVID-19 infection in children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the study enrolled 85 children. Median age was 5•1 years (IQR = 1•3 - 12•4) with equal gender distribution. Under five years were 52•9%. Average length of hospital stay among non-severe cases was three days (IQR=2•0-5•0). No deaths were reported. Fifteen patients (18•7%) were asymptomatic. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (51•8%), vomiting (36•5%), cough (27•1%), diarrhea (20•0%), nasal congestion (14•1%) and fast breathing (12•9%). Two patients presented in shock and features consistent with Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Childhood (MIS-C). Procalcitonin and C-reactive proteins were elevated in 76•9% and 45•8% respectively. Majority (n=80) had white cell counts within normal range and none had bacterial pathogens isolated from blood (n=63). Liver and Renal function tests were within the normal range in the majority of those tested (n=24 and n=64 respectively). Three of the five patients with elevated platelet count (>500 x109/L) had clinical diagnosis of MIS-C. Eight of 20 patients subjected to imaging had radiological features of bilateral ground glass opacifications while six of nine patients who presented with cardiovascular compromise had mild to moderate ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>our study suggests that children in the African setting manifest a mild form of the COVID-19 infection with low mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant urinary bladder stone: an uncommon cause of anuria.","authors":"Hamedoun Larbi, Alami Mohammed","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.47.42469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.47.42469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The severity of distal sensory polyneuropathy increasing with HIV/AIDS stage.","authors":"Andi Weri Sompa, Yudy Goysal, Muhammad Akbar, Andi Dian Diarfah","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.51.33972","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.51.33972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common neurological problem in HIV/AIDS Patients. It represents a complex symptom that occurs because of peripheral nerve damage related to advanced HIV disease and in association with the use of antiretroviral therapy. DSP is a frequent symptom in which the specific pathophysiology is not well understood. Recently, mitochondrial toxicity and antiretroviral toxic neuropathies have been more identified as a possible etiology of DSP. This study's objective was to determine factors associated with DSP severity in HIV/AIDS patients. This cross-sectional study was followed by 50 HIV/AIDS outpatients at some hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia who met the inclusion criteria. DSP is diagnosed using non-invasive screening tools subjective peripheral neuropathy screen (SPNS) which can determine the severity of DSP in advance. Some factors were analyzed by using Pearson's chi-square test and Spearman's correlation test. Forty-three participants (86%) had diagnosed DSP which is mostly moderate in severity (48%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between HIV/AIDS Stage and DSP severity (p=0.032) meanwhile CD4 count, antiretroviral, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin level have no significant correlation to DSP severity. In conclusion, HIV/AIDS stage and DSP severity correlate where the later the stage the more severe DSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11419574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic response and Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs in ECOWAS.","authors":"Virgil Kuassi Lokossou, Azuka Stephen Adeke, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Laurent Comlan Mariame Bonkano, Aishat Bukola Usman, Lionel Sogbossi, Appolinaire Kima, Patrick Nguku, Simon Antara, Issiaka Sombie, Felix Agbla, Melchior Joel Codjovi Aissi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.49.42504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.49.42504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been persistent with a huge demand for human health resources which is a vital component of its preparedness and response. Globally, the public health workforce through field epidemiology and laboratory training programme (FELTP) has been instrumental to global health security. We determined the status of FELTP in the region and its contributions to the COVID-19 pandemic response in the ECOWAS region. We conducted a desk review, shared a questionnaire among member states and organized a two-day online regional consultative meeting on field epidemiology training on 30^th-31^st March 2022 during which there were presentations, group discussions and deliberations on the status and contribution of FETP during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected were analyzed in themes. All countries in the ECOWAS region had established at least one tier of FELTP, 11 (73.3%) had established two tiers of FELTP and only 3 (20.0%) had established all three tiers of the program. Despite the pandemic, the cumulative number of graduates increased from 2996 to 4271 frontline, 41 to 380 intermediate, and 409 to 802 for advanced FELTP between 2019 and 2022. However, the progress has been disproportionate across countries. The key activities supported through FELTP graduates included pandemic response coordination, surveillance, data collection/management, laboratory support, case management, risk communication, infection prevention and control, COVID-19 vaccination, and research. Despite improvements in the FELTP in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, there is a need for continuous stakeholder engagement for its implementation, resource mobilization for sustainability, and leveraging critical partnerships.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hepatitis as a manifestation of secondary syphilis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Sakina El Mamouni, Maryeme Kadiri, Imane Ben El Barhdadi, Mohamed Borahma, Fatima-Zahra Chabib, Nawal Lagdali, Camelia Berhili, Fatima-Zahra Ajana","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.44.42785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.44.42785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the case of a 25-year-old patient, with the notion of unprotected sexual relations with multiple partners consulted for cholestatic icterus with pruritus evolving for 2 months. The general examination found an intense mucocutaneous icterus. The examination of the lymph nodes revealed multiple lymph nodes. A thoracic-abdominal-pelvic scanner showed peri-portal edema and adenopathies above and below the diaphragm without suspicious lesions. Biologically, there was acute cytolysis with ASAT at 1612IU/L, ALAT at 1506IU/L, and icteric cholestasis, the acute viral serologies and other autoantibodies were all negative. Given the presence of adenopathy and sexual risk factors, a syphilis serology was requested and was positive: a TPHA at 2560UI/L, and a VDRL at 1/32 UI/L. A liver biopsy was performed, which showed the presence, on immunohistochemistry, of anti-treponemal-pallidum antibodies. After eliminating all etiologies of cytolytic hepatitis, we retained the diagnosis of syphilitic hepatitis. Therapeutically, we started a treatment based on ceftriaxone 2g/dl with spectacular biological improvement at H48 of the beginning of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of frailty among the elderly in the province of Essaouira, Morocco.","authors":"Hicham Mejdouli, Abdellatif Baali, Hakima Amor, Nadia Ouzennou","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.43.41695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.43.41695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Morocco is no exception to the global phenomenon of an ageing population. The number of people aged 60 and over rose from one million to 4.5 million between 1970 and 2022. In terms of health, 64.4% of Moroccan seniors are affected by at least one chronic disease, and almost a third suffer from disability. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with frailty among the elderly in the Essaouira province of Morocco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional survey of 384 people aged 65 and over attending health centres in Essaouira province was conducted between March 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The Fried phenotype was used to assess frailty in the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>according to Fried's phenotype, 46.4% of the elderly were frail. Multivariate analyses showed that frailty was associated with family type [OR=1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.6], professional activity [OR=2.2; 95% CI 1.2-3.9], financial difficulties [OR=1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.8] and undernutrition [OR=2.9; 95% CI 1.7-4.8].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>implementing a screening strategy and speeding up the process of generalising social protection are actions that will make it possible to reduce the prevalence of frailty among the elderly, prevent its complications and act on its main determinants in Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal mesenteric cyst in a 5-day-old patient: a case report.","authors":"Seth Jotham, Alicia Massenga, Geofrey Giiti, Ally Rashid, Erasto Wambura, Fabian Mghanga","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.46.43778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.46.43778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenteric cysts have been documented as a rare occurrence in children. They are mostly renowned to be benign intra-abdominal tumors with no known etiology. The symptoms are non-specific ranging from being asymptomatic to an acute abdomen. Most of the diagnoses are made below the age of 10 years with devoid of reports for the early neonatal occurrences. We report a case of an early neonatal mesenteric cyst in a 5-day-old female patient who presented with signs of intestinal obstruction markedly by abdominal distension, vomiting, and absolute constipation. Abdominal X-ray showed evidence of small bowel obstruction while abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan were used to reach the diagnosis of a mesenteric cyst, all laboratory baseline investigations were within a normal range. On laparotomy a 12 by 13 cm cyst that was firmly adhering to the proximal ileal wall was meticulously dissected, complete cystectomy was done with no segmental resection. Histopathologically there were no signs of malignancy and the patient successfully recovered with no signs of recurrences after being followed for a year and a half. Being a rare case in the early neonatal period with unspecific presentations; mesenteric cyst should be considered as one of the diagnoses best to be managed by surgical excision to prevent recurrences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiokeratoma of Fordyce: scrotum.","authors":"Sabiha Quazi, Keerthana Rachamadugu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.45.43647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.45.43647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational study on the characteristics of COVID-19 transmission dynamics during the first wave of the epidemic in Lusaka, Zambia.","authors":"Millica Phiri, Tadatsugu Imamura, Patrick Sakubita, Nelia Langa, Moses Mulenga, Marian Matipa Mulenga, George Kapapi, Michael Mwamba, Jane Nalwimba, Deborah Tembo, Kingsley Keembe, Karen Moompizho, Nkomba Kayeyi, William Ngosa, Davie Simwaba, Paul Msanzya Zulu, Fred Kapaya, Raymond Hamoonga, Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba, Nyambe Sinyange, Muzala Kapina, Chie Nagata, Nathan Kapata, Akira Ishiguro, Victor Mukonka","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.42.36724","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.42.36724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in the communities of low- and middle-income countries, particularly sub-Saharan African countries, are still not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 secondary transmission during the first wave of the epidemic (March-October 2020) in Lusaka, Zambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted an observational study on COVID-19 secondary transmission among residents in Lusaka City, between March 18 and October 30, 2020. We compared the secondary attack rate (SAR) among different environmental settings of contacts and characteristics of primary cases (e.g, demographics, medical conditions) by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>out of 1862 confirmed cases of COVID-19, 272 primary cases generated 422 secondary cases through 216 secondary transmission events. More contacts and secondary transmissions were reported in planned residential areas than in unplanned residential areas. Households were the most common environmental settings of secondary transmission, representing 76.4% (165/216) of secondary transmission events. The SAR in households was higher than the overall events. None of the environmental settings or host factors of primary cases showed a statistically significant relationship with SAR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>of the settings considered, households had the highest incidence of secondary transmission during the first wave in Lusaka, Zambia. The smaller proportion of contacts and secondary transmission in unplanned residential areas might have been due to underreporting of cases, given that those areas are reported to be vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks. Continuous efforts are warranted to establish measures to suppress COVID-19 transmission in those high-risk environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}