Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the efficiency of the routine epidemiological surveillance system for malaria at the Tambacounda Health District, Senegal.","authors":"Tidiane Gadiaga, Mouhamadou Faly Ba, Siré Sagna, Bayal Cissé, Doudou Sène, Samba Cor Sarr, Babacar Gueye, Sylla Thiam, Elhadji Ba Konko Ciré, Jean Louis Abdou Ndiaye","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.41.41888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.41.41888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>as part of the fight against malaria, epidemiological surveillance (ES) is one of the key pillars of the global technical strategy 2016-2030 to combat this disease. However, in the south-east of Senegal, where malaria poses a major public health problem, epidemiological surveillance has until recently been very neglected. To help reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality in Senegal, an evaluation of the routine malaria ES system was conducted in the Tambacounda Health District in 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive survey of 27 health structures in Tambacounda district from 20^th February to 1^st March 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>overall, the routine ES system in the district was acceptable according to its users, with satisfactory tool filling time in 96.3% of the structures in our study, a cumulative completeness of reports at 92% despite a 77% promptness. The data collected at the services delivery points (SDP) level allowed a representativeness of the ES system in 100% of health facilities. The ES system was also rated as simple by 74.1% of SDP managers even though only 55.6% of them were trained. However, the stability of the system was low because 55.6% of SDP had staff to ensure the continuity of ES service despite the availability of management tools (100%) and the telephone network (96.3%). The same was true for the usefulness of the ES because only 25.9% of SDP managers analyzed their produced data. The reported ES and malaria morbidity data were not adequate. On the other hand, the ES system was reactive with a speed of transmission of information at 96.3% and a possibility of rapid diagnosis and management of cases at 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the routine malaria ES system at the level of health facilities in Tambacounda District was acceptable, simple, flexible, representative, and responsive. However, an increase in qualified staff at the health posts, capacity strengthening of the ES staff and regular supervision of SDP are needed essentials to make the district's malaria surveillance system more efficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Predictive factors of polysensitization to contact allergens: study conducted at the Dermato-Allergology Unit of the Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia].","authors":"Noura Belhadj, Aicha Brahem, Narjes Belhadj Chabbah, Zeineb Athimni, Maher Maoua, Houda Kalboussi, Olfa El Maalel, Souhail Chatti, Najib Mrizak","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.40.35295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.40.35295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>polysensitization is often defined as sensitization to three or more contact allergens. The objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of polysensitization to allergens patch test and to analyze the factors associated with allergen polysensitization of the European Standard Battery in comparison with cases of oligosensitization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study that included all patients who had undergone patch tests at the Department of Dermato-Allergology of the Department of Occupational Medicine of University Hospital Center Farhat Hached in Sousse spread over 10 years from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in total, we collected 464 cases of contact dermatitis during the study period. The average age of patients was 38.93 ± 12.52 years with a slight female predominance (52.8% of cases). Among all the patients who consulted during the study period (832 patients), 133 patients had positive reactions to 3 or more allergens 16% of patients. Concerning, the associations of the most frequently noted allergens were those of triplet (chromium, cobalt, and nickel) in 15 patients and triplet (mercaptobenzothiazole, thiuram mix, and IPPD) in 7 cases. The predictive factors of polysensitivity were the personal history of leg ulcers; the site of the lesions in the thorax and the erythematous squamous and dyshidrotic appearance of the lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this phenomenon is frequent polysensitization, and close collaboration between dermatologists and occupational physicians to prevent this type of multiple allergies through better management of personal and also professional risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To study the utility of HER2 and Ki-67 as immunohistochemical prognostic markers in comparison to histopathological parameters and tumour, node and metastasis staging in colorectal carcinoma.","authors":"Suhit Naseri, Samarth Shukla, Sunita Vagha","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.39.38445","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.39.38445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally, with significant variability in incidence rates across different regions. A shift towards a Westernized diet has been implicated in rising cancer rates, particularly in emerging nations. By 2020, CRC is projected to represent a notable proportion of global cancer cases and deaths. In India, CRC primarily affects individuals aged 45 to 84, with a higher incidence in males, commonly occurring in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Risk factors such as obesity, dietary factors, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol use contribute to CRC development, especially in aging populations. Diagnosis involves various imaging modalities and histological assessments using Tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) and American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications. Recent advancements in targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies against HER2 have shown promise in treating metastatic CRC. Immunohistochemistry markers like Ki-67 and HER2 play crucial roles in prognostic assessment and treatment planning. This study aims to investigate Ki-67 and HER2 expression in CRC, correlating with histological characteristics and prognostic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perforated ulcer at the gastrojejunal anastomosis: a rare complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (case report).","authors":"Mohamed El Hammouti, Amine Majdoubi, Anass El Achchi, Tariq Bouhout, Badr Serji","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.38.43787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.38.43787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is recognized as one of the most intricate abdominal surgical procedures, often accompanied by high morbidity rates. The occurrence of an anastomotic ulcer at the gastrojejunal anastomosis post-pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery is a relatively uncommon complication, albeit potentially leading to severe, life-threatening consequences. The predominant symptomatology manifests as acute abdominal pain accompanied by peritonitis. Conventionally, diagnosis is achieved through computed tomography (CT) scans, facilitating subsequent management, and surgical management is recommended in the majority of instances. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient who experienced ulcer perforation at the gastrojejunal anastomosis site after undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with stomach preservation, and we reviewed the available literature to gain more comprehension of this rare complication of this type of surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertussis outbreak investigation in Likimsa-Bokore <i>kebele</i>, Meda Walebu district, Bale zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2019: a descriptive cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mohammed Hasen Badeso, Falaho Sani Kalil, Henok Asefa Ferede, Naod Berhanu Bogale","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.37.20269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.37.20269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>pertussis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Globally, an estimated 45 millions cases and 400,000 deaths occur every year. Meda Walebu surveillance office reported a pertussis outbreak among the residents of the Liqimsa-Bokore kebele communities. We investigated to describe the magnitude of the pertussis outbreak in Likimsa-Bokore kebele of Meda-Walebu district, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in April 2019. We identified pertussis cases recorded on the line list. Suspected cases of pertussis were defined as any resident of Likimsa-Bokore kebele with cough illness and any of the following: paroxysms of coughing, inspiratory whooping, post-tussive vomiting, or apnea. The pentavalent vaccine coverage data were extracted from the Bale zone health management information system department database. Microsoft Excel pivot table and SPSS version 23 software cleaned and analyzed the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in three months period, a total of 439 suspected cases of pertussis were reported from Likimsa-Bokore kebele of the Meda-Walebu district. Half of the cases 220(50.1%) have occurred in females and the majority of cases 256 (58.3%) occurred in under five years children. The median age of cases was 4 years ranging from 2 months to 30 years (interquartile range= 4 years). The overall Attack Rate (AR) was 55 per 1000 population with a case fatality rate of 0.7% (3 deaths/439). Children less than five years were the most affected age group with an AR of 198 per 1000 population. The administrative pentavalent vaccine coverage of the district was above 100% during the year 2015-2018.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the overall attack rate of pertussis outbreak was high. Children under five years were the most affected age group irrespective of high administrative coverage of the pentavalent vaccine. Strengthening routine immunization management and intensified surveillance system is required for early detection, investigation, and response activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemphigus vulgaris: a rare clinical image of post-homeopathic necrosis.","authors":"Leuri Ukey, Jaya Gawai","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.34.43144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.34.43144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-care practices and its associated factors among adult diabetes mellitus patients in public hospitals of Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Mesay Hailu Dangisso, Dawit Jember Tesfaye","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.36.41041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.36.41041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>poor adherence to diabetes self-care practices can result in adverse health outcomes. Thus, it is important to adapt self-care behaviors to reduce and prevent complications from diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of diabetes self-care practices and associated factors among adults with diabetes in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021 in the Sidama region public hospitals. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 437 diabetic patients. The data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in this study, a large number of diabetes patients had inadequate self-care practices. Therefore, it is important to strengthen and establish support systems, such as collaborating with healthcare providers, enlisting the support of family members, and providing health education to improve self-care practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this study found that 48.9% of participants had a good level of self-care practice. College graduates and above [AOR: 4.4, 95% CI (1.87, 10.4)], those with strong social support [AOR: 4.6, 95% CI (2.3,10.5)], attendees of health education [AOR: 2.33, 95% CI (1.38,4.6)], those who were on oral hypoglycemic drug [AOR: 0.45, 95% CI (0.24, 0.83)], those who perceived the benefits of self-care [AOR: 0.46, 95% CI (0.25,0.84)], and those who perceived the severity of complications [AOR: 0.56, 95% CI (0.29, 0.77)] were predictors of diabetes self-care practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Primary hepatic tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report].","authors":"Yannick Bangda Ekanga, Salma Ouahid, Rachid Laroussi, Chaimae Jioua, Rachida Saouab, Chaymae Faraj, Stephane Ayee, Ibtissam El Ouali, Mohamed Allaoui, Tarik Adioui, Mouna Tamzaourte","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.32.38062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.32.38062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infectious disease that most often affects the lungs, but it can also affect any other organ with a wide range of clinical manifestations. There are three forms of hepatic involvement: diffuse hepatic tuberculosis combined with pulmonary tuberculosis; diffuse hepatic tuberculosis without pulmonary involvement; and nodular or focal/local hepatic tuberculosis, which is a very rare form and presents a diagnostic challenge. We here report the case of a young Moroccan man presenting with biliary colic that had been evolving for a month, associated with a forme fruste of tuberculous impregnation. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver showed nodular hepatic lesions. The diagnosis of focal hepatic tuberculosis was confirmed based on anatomopathological examination of biopsies obtained during laparoscopy. The patient received antitubercular treatment with good clinical-biological outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal bladder hernia: a case report.","authors":"Ghassane El Omri, Omar Lazrak, Hamza Rais, Abdeljalil Heddat","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.31.43628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.31.43628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inguinal bladder hernia is a rare clinical condition, and only a small number of reported cases have been treated by laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of a patient aged 65-year-old who presented to our outpatient care unit for a right inguinal swelling. Computer tomography (CT) imaging showed a direct inguinal hernia with bladder and epiploic content. We performed a laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair, which involved carefully reducing the bladder's protrusion from the hernial orifice. Subsequently, a mesh prosthesis was employed to treat the right inguinal hernia. This case represents an unusual instance of a successful laparoscopic repair for a right direct inguinal bladder hernia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (GA-68 PSMA PET/CT) in recurrent prostate cancer: a retrospective review of initial clinical experience at Tygerberg Hospital.","authors":"Bright Awadh Sangiwa, Celeste Burger, Annare Ellmann","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.30.38084","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.30.38084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>prostate cancer recurrence after definitive therapy for organ-confined disease often manifests as rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels without clinically overt disease. ⁶⁸Gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (⁶⁸GaPSMA PET/CT) imaging plays a major role in the management of recurrent prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the positivity rate of ⁶⁸Ga PSMA PET/CT scans in cases of prostate cancer recurrence, and to compare the results with existing international literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a retrospective analysis of 177 ⁶⁸Ga PSMA PET/CT scans of patients with biochemically proven disease recurrence was performed. The possible association of a positive PSMA PET/CT with the PSA level and Gleason score were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 177 ⁶⁸Ga PSMA PET/CT scans were performed in 163 patients (median age 66 years). Of these, 117 (66%) scans detected the site of disease recurrence. Among patients with PSA 0.2-0.99 ng/ml, 23/49 (47%, p<0.0001) were positive, and 20/35 (57%, p<0.0005) were positive in the group of patients with PSA 1.00-1.99. When PSA values were further categorized into PSA <2 ng/ml and PSA ≥2 ng/ml, detection rates were 49% and 86% respectively (p <0.0001). The scans were positive in 65% of patients with Gleason score of <7, 62% with Gleason score of =7 and 68% with Gleason score >7 (p=0.745).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>there was an increase in the detection rate with an increase in the PSA. Gleason score was not a predictor of a positive ⁶⁸Ga PSMA PET/CT scan. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT should be prioritized in patients with biochemical recurrence with PSA levels >0.2 ng/ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}