Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Detection of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene methylation status in IDH-wild type glioblastomas using methylation-specific qPCR: a first report from Morocco.","authors":"Anass Oukhdouch, Abdelmalek Hakmaoui, Basma Zinbi, Souad Sellami, Bouighajd Hayat, Hanane Rais","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.110.45250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.110.45250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tried, through this work, to highlight the first detection of the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT) promoter in IDH-wild-type glioblastomas with observation of the expression of IDH1, ATRX, and P53 by immunohistochemistry. Across eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) from glioblastoma patients, we collected tumor tissue samples. We examined the methylation status of the MGMT gene promoter using a real-time methylation-specific PCR technique (MS-qPCR). In addition, we observed the molecular alterations caused by mutations in IDH1, ATRX, and p53 using immunohistochemistry (IHC). All cases studied had a wild-type form of IDH1, loss of ATRX expression was observed in five samples. In two cases, the mutated form of p53 was expressed. The level of p53 expression ranged from intense (>80% of tumor cells) to weak (>10% of tumor cells), and less than 10% labeling was considered negative. In our study, when analyzing the methylation profiles of the MGMT gene promoter, we found that two cases, specifically sample 2 and sample 5, exhibited positive methylation. Sample 2 had a methylation rate of 6.8%, while sample 5 showed a methylation rate of 27%. In contrast, sample 6 had a methylation rate of 0.05%, which fell below the established methylation cutoff point of 0.6%. Therefore, sample 6 was considered negatively methylated because its methylation rate was significantly lower than the established threshold. This study identifies MGMT promoter methylation in a subset of glioblastomas IDH-wild-type. These findings highlight the molecular diversity of glioblastomas and suggest potential targets for tailored therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of simultaneous spontaneous coronary artery dissections in the circumflex and the right coronary arteries presenting as acute myocardial infarction: a case report.","authors":"Fekher Jaoued, Zied Ben Ameur, Wassim Saoudi, Hedi Frigui, Raouf Kchaou, Wissal Rouatbi, Mohamed Aymen Ben Abdesslam, Samia Ernez Hajri","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.109.42191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.109.42191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) involving multiple coronary arteries is an exceptionally rare occurrence. We present a unique case of a 55-year-old woman with no known cardiovascular risk factors who presented with severe chest pain and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Coronary angiography revealed simultaneous SCAD in both the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and the Circumflex (Cx) artery, an unprecedented finding. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the RCA and received medical therapy for the Cx artery. The three-month follow-up demonstrated the disappearance of SCAD in the Cx artery and patent stents in the RCA, indicating positive patient outcomes. This case highlights the complexity of SCAD and the importance of individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing gender-based violence patients: implications for the practices and attitudes of emergency medical care providers.","authors":"Fose John Mohokare, Nokuthula Tlalajoe-Mokhatla","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.108.38454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.108.38454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is one of the most widespread human rights abuses in the world. Although women and girls are often the targets of GBV, men and boys can also suffer from it. Therefore, this study investigated the practices and attitudes of Emergency Medical Care Providers (EMCPs) in managing GBV patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this study applied self-administered questionnaires and analyzed them quantitatively. The information was gathered from 130 qualified and practicing EMCPs in Bloemfontein working within the public sector of Emergency Medical Service (EMS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the results showed that a significant association was observed among socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, educational status, marital status, and how EMCPs managed GBV cases. On the other hand, a non-significant association was observed among age, year of experience, and how EMCPs managed GBV cases. Furthermore, a significant association was observed among the beliefs of the society, attitudes of the environment towards abuse victims, and exaggeration of suspected GBV patients influences the management of GBV patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the study concluded that while the current EMCPs in Bloemfontein, Free State South Africa, are relatively educated, there is still room for improvement to cover the growing demands of the job to be done for GBV cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exostosis or osteochondroma.","authors":"Azhar Salim Mohamed, Mohamed Hachim","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.107.18777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.107.18777","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of willingness to patronize traditional bone setters: a cross-sectional study among heads of households in Abakaliki Metropolis, Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Ifeyinwa Lilian Ezenwosu, Kelechukwu Anthony Okoro, Irene Ifeyinwa Eze, Chibuike Agu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.106.36444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.106.36444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the traditional bone setters provide services that are commonly associated with complications that could be life-threatening. Nevertheless, these do not affect the proportion of people who patronize traditional bonesetters. This study aimed to determine the predictors of willingness to patronize traditional bone setters among heads of households in Abakaliki Metropolis, Southeast Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this was a community-based cross-sectional study. A four-stage sampling design was used to select 420 heads of households from Abakaliki Metropolis, Nigeria. Information was obtained using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire which was developed by the researchers. The study employed Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>less than a third of the respondents, 32.4% were willing to patronize traditional bone setters in the future and the major reasons included reduced treatment cost, 45.6% and good treatment services, 29.4%. Predictors of the willingness of heads of household to patronize traditional bone setters in the future included being aged 30-39 years, (AOR=0.5, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9), being in low socio-economic class, (AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.2-3.3), having patronized traditional bone setters before, (AOR=12.5, 95%CI: 7.5-20.8) and being in support of surgeons and bone setters working together, (AOR=2.7, 95%CI: 1.6-4.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>cost and good treatment services play roles in the patronage of bone setters. An appreciable number of respondents are willing to patronize them in the future. There is the need for bone setters to concentrate on areas of competence bearing in mind that there are measures of good in their services. They should be trained on good referral practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uterine prolapse in pregnancy: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Hanane Houmaid, Karam Harou, Bouchra Fakhir, Lahcen Boukhanni, Ahlam Bassir, Abderrahim Aboulfalah, Hamid Asmouki, Abderraouf Soummani","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.101.43712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.101.43712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine prolapse complicating pregnancy is extremely rare. However, in some cases, serious complications may appear such as miscarriage, preterm labor, infection, fetal demise, and maternal death. Management is essentially conservative but surgical intervention is always possible. We report a case of uterine prolapse in a young 24-year-old parturient, para 4, gravida 4 at 36 weeks of gestation. She was presented to the obstetric emergency, with uterine contraction and rupture of the amniotic sac. She successfully gave birth to a male baby weighing 2600 g by assisted vaginal delivery. We opted for conservative treatment and there were no fetal or maternal complications. A pessary was placed at the postpartum. Early diagnosis and good monitoring during pregnancy are essential to avoid complications; improve the prognosis of pregnancy and increase women´s chances to benefit from the advantages of conservative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral load suppression among HIV-positive adult patients on the first-line antiretroviral treatment regimen in health facilities in the City of Ekurhuleni, Gauteng province, South Africa.","authors":"Kwetepe Gladys Mafolo, Lindiwe Cele, Mmampedi Mathibe","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.102.42645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.102.42645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health concern, with South Africa among the hardest hit countries. Viral suppression in HIV patients is a positive treatment outcome when monitoring progress and using antiretrovirals (ART). Despite the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95-95 strategy which focuses on monitoring viral suppression, unsuppressed viral loads keep persisting because of several factors. The study sought to determine viral load suppression and contributing factors among adult patients on first-line ART in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>the study reviewed 379 patient files of adult patients on first-line ART between April and June 2018. Standardized tools were used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. Descriptive data was analyzed using frequency tabulations and percentages, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with viral load suppression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the study included 379 patient records. Mean age; DS of 38.9 years with standard deviation at 10.1. The prevalence of viral load suppression at 12 months was 75.2% (n=285). Female participants had higher suppression rates 77.7% (n=188) than males 70.8% (n=97), received pre-ART counseling 73.1% (n=277) as well as no history of tuberculosis 92.4% (n=350). Being female with (aOR=7.29, 95% CI: 1.02 - 52.26; p=0.04) and having completed a six-month viral load assessment (aOR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.00 - 3.41; p=0.04) were independently associated with higher odds of having a suppressed viral load. However, being referred for adherence (aOR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.37 - 0.99; p=0.05) and having a previous history of ART exposure (aOR=0.29, 95% CI 0.10 - 0.77; p=0.01) were independently associated with lower odds of having a suppressed viral load.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>a higher suppression rate among female patients, suggests that more targeted interventions should be facilitated among HIV-positive male patients linkage to care and initiated on ART. Exposing the patient to a few enhanced support programs hinders progress toward reducing nonadherence, lack of awareness, and inadequate knowledge about the benefits of achieving viral suppression among people living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allograft bone banking experience in Nigeria: a review of first 2 years.","authors":"Kehinde Adesola Alatishe, Oluwaseyi Kayode Idowu, Mustapha Alimi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.105.41103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.105.41103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone allografts are increasingly being used in various orthopaedic surgeries all over the world but were not readily available in Nigeria until year 2020 when the first bone bank facility was established at our hospital. The paper aimed to share our experience and the challenges faced within the first 2 years of operating the first bone bank in Nigeria. We retrospectively reviewed our experience between 1^st September 2020 and 31^st August 2022. The donors were selected based on American Association of Tissue Bank (AATB) guidelines and Nigerian National Blood Transfusion policy. Our preference was the use of allograft without late donor testing for HIV seroconversion. However, the allografts were treated, irradiated at 25 kGy, and stored in a freezer at -80°C. A total of 88 bone grafts were retrieved, processed and stored in the bone bank over the 2-year period. All allografts were from living donors. Of these, 55 (62.5%) bones were retrieved from female donors and 33 (37.5%) from males. The mean age of all donors was 55.9±15.34 years (range: 32-90 years). Bone grafts issued out from the bank were 28/88 (31.8%) in all. There was no single case of clinical infection reported. The challenges observed were limited long bone allografts, low patronage among surgeons, lack of institution preparedness to process bones from fresh dead donors and disinterest from some surgeons. Running of the first bone bank facility in Nigeria has been successful thus far. The challenges can be surmounted by creating awareness amongst the populace and surgeons of the availability and safety of bone allografts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring knowledge, attitude and practices of essential newborn care among puerperal mothers who gave birth at public health facilities of southwest Ethiopia: a mixed study.","authors":"Endale Tamiru Burayu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.104.43893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.104.43893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>essential newborn care guidelines have been developed to cover all aspects of care from conception to postnatal care. There were concerns about knowledge and practices related to newborn care in Ethiopia, and unfortunately, neonatal mortality remained high. To address this issue, we conducted a new study to examine the attitudes, knowledge and practices of postpartum mothers who gave birth in public health facilities in Ilubabor zone, southwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a mixed-institution cross-sectional study was conducted from June 20 to August 20, 2023. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling until the sample size was 381. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data were then entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of the postpartum mothers interviewed, 225 (59.1%) received information about essential newborn care. Knowledge-wise, 239 (62.7%) participants showed good knowledge, while 142 (37.3%) showed poor knowledge. Of the attitudes, 220 (57.8%) participants had a positive attitude and 161 (42.2%) participants had a negative attitude. Regarding practices, 150 (39.4%) participants had good practices and 231 (60.6%) had bad practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>there appears to be a significant difference between the perceived knowledge of study participants and the actual practice of neonatal care. Therefore, it is recommended that health professionals provide ongoing postpartum education and training to mothers who have given birth to bridge this gap and bring about meaningful change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and perception on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: cross-sectional study among Eritrean refugees in Kampala.","authors":"Robel Tesfahiwet Enghida, Tesfaldet Habtemariam Hidru","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.49.103.44553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.49.103.44553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on public health has been significant and wide-ranging. It has led to widespread illness, strain on healthcare systems, and various public health measures to control its spread. Several pharmaceutical companies, researchers, and scientists have been racing against the clock to develop a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 in a short period. Despite the efforts by governments, organizations, and public health experts to reach the target population, vaccine hesitancy among the communities remains a major impediment to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. A strategy to address the factors that contribute to low vaccine utilization must be in place for a vaccination program to achieve herd immunity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional descriptive survey of 383 study participants was conducted between February 26^th and March 24^th, 2022. A multistage sampling technique was used to enroll the study. For subjects, data was collected by trained research assistants who speak Eritrea's native language (Tigrigna) using a pretested structured questionnaire. The factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine were identified using a binary logistic regression model at P-values less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>according to the findings of this study, 65.8% of Eritrean refugees in Kampala were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The study discovered that marital status, knowledge of COVID-19, positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine, and belief in conspiracy theories are the independent factors that are associated with vaccine acceptance behavior among refugees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>there was a low likelihood of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine in this study. Thus, stakeholders must work together to educate the public about the COVID-19 vaccine. The health authority must inform the public about the vaccine's benefits while also addressing the vaccine's side effects and safety concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}