Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Penile cancer: a rare clinical image.","authors":"Switi Jawade, Pratibha Wankhede","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.170.46407","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.170.46407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized vesicular rash in a child: a case of chickenpox (Varicella).","authors":"Shardul Timande, Bibin Kurian","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.169.49768","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.169.49768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic breast tissue (polymastia).","authors":"Pranjali Saranjami Jode, Deeplata Mendhe","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.166.49034","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.166.49034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The triple burden: achieving sexual and reproductive health equity for young women with albinism in Rwanda.","authors":"Samuel Niyomuremyi, Jean Claude Sabato, Tayechalem Moges, Oluwaseun Ayoola Ojomo","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.167.50448","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.167.50448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young women with albinism in Rwanda face a triple burden of intersecting stigma related to gender, disability, and albinism-specific myths, yet their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs remain largely invisible in research, policy, and practice. Despite Rwanda´s progress toward universal health coverage and disability inclusion, no published studies specifically examine SRH access, outcomes, or barriers among this population. Drawing on intersectionality theory and evidence from separate bodies of literature on gender, disability, and albinism in East Africa, this perspective article argues that overlapping discrimination likely creates unique and compounded obstacles to contraception, antenatal care, sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, and freedom from sexual violence. Cultural beliefs portraying albinism as a curse or conferring supernatural properties perpetuate social exclusion, internalized shame, and heightened vulnerability to gender-based violence. Visual impairment associated with albinism compounds accessibility challenges, while the absence of low-vision materials, genetic counselling, sun-protection guidance, and provider training on albinism further limits equitable care. National SRH and disability frameworks mention persons with disabilities broadly but lack tailored provisions for albinism. To achieve true health equity, Rwanda must make young women with albinism visible through disaggregated data collection, explicit integration into SRH policies, accessible materials and facilities, mandatory provider training, and community-led myth-busting initiatives. Primary research co-designed with women with albinism is urgently needed to document their lived experiences and evaluate interventions. Addressing these intersecting barriers will strengthen inclusive SRH services for all marginalized groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the temporal region: a case report.","authors":"Xinrong Chen, Yusa Chen, Yuehuan Bian","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.165.50455","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.165.50455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an uncommon low-grade malignant vascular neoplasm that predominantly involves visceral organs, with primary manifestation in the skin, particularly in the head and neck region, being exceptionally rare. This report describes the case of a 70-year-old female presenting with a gradually progressive, intermittently ulcerated plaque on the left temple. Histopathological evaluation revealed characteristic features of EHE, which were further confirmed by strong immunohistochemical expression of endothelial markers CD31 and ERG. Comprehensive systemic assessment demonstrated no evidence of extracutaneous disease. The patient declined surgical intervention due to aesthetic concerns and has been maintained on follow-up every three months. No disease progression has been observed during the six-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of including cutaneous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in the differential diagnosis of persistent ulcerative facial lesions and underscores the value of early histopathological biopsy. Early, localized lesions can be completely excised surgically, achieving cure while optimally preserving facial aesthetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of indigenous knowledge and cultural dynamics in immunization uptake in Africa.","authors":"Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy, Clovis Nchinjoh Sangwe, Arrey Denis Ebot Ako-, Nancy Tahmo, Eugene Vernyuy Yeika, Clinton Njakoi Kwemu, Jean-Claude Kindzeka Wirsiy, Roseline Dzekem Dine","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.168.46893","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.168.46893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite fifty years of development in immunization programs, vaccine uptake is still inconsistent throughout many parts of Africa. As global public health experts with a background in epidemiology and control of infectious diseases, including community engagement, we think the secret to closing the gap lies in the indigenous knowledge and cultural dynamics. These factors, which have their roots in conventional systems, affect vaccine acceptability by influencing how people view health and illness. This viewpoint emphasizes how indigenous customs, cultural values, and contemporary vaccination methods interact. Using cultural rites, the roles of traditional rulers, traditional healers, and community gatekeepers as examples, we suggest incorporating these dynamics into standard immunization frameworks. This culturally sensitive technique will promote equal vaccine uptake among Africa's diverse communities by developing trust and bolstering vaccination resilience. Cultural and indigenous practices are key to understanding barriers to immunization uptake, especially in rural and underserved communities. This school of thought addresses how leveraging indigenous knowledge can strengthen routine immunization programs and improve resilience against vaccine hesitancy rooted in cultural misconceptions. To effectively incorporate indigenous knowledge and cultural dynamics into immunization frameworks, we propose a three-pronged approach dubbed, the ´LET´ perspective i.e. L= leverage cultural events, E=engage traditional elders and healers, T=train community healthcare workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Rhesus isoimmunization and pregnancy outcomes: a cross-sectional study conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.","authors":"John Abayo Otieno, Rose Jepchumba Kosgei, Chrisostim Wekesa Barasa, Omondi Ogutu, Rose Betty Mukii","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.163.47030","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.163.47030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the ABO and Rhesus systems remain the most clinically significant blood group antigens on red blood cell membranes. Rhesus isoimmunization occurs when maternal Rh antibodies in a RhD-negative woman react with red blood cells of an RhD-positive fetus, leading to adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional review of 194 medical records of RhD-negative pregnant women managed at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. Data on sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical characteristics were extracted and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine associations between Rh isoimmunization and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the mean age (SD) of participants was 30.1 years, and the mean gestational age at delivery was 38.9 weeks. Most participants were multigravida (69.1%) and married (91.2%). The prevalence of Rh isoimmunization was 4.1%. Isoimmunized women had significantly higher odds of miscarriage (aOR 5.64, 95% CI 1.48-21.53; p=0.01), hydrops fetalis (aOR 8.72, 95% CI 2.10-36.12; p<0.001), intrauterine foetal death (aOR 9.83, 95% CI 2.75-35.12; p<0.001), low birth weight <2500g (aOR 7.40, 95% CI 1.93-28.43; p=0.004), and poor APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes (aOR 10.26, 95% CI 2.98-35.32; p<0.001). Neonates of isoimmunized mothers were also more likely to require neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (aOR 6.92, 95% CI 1.41-33.84; p=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the prevalence of Rh isoimmunization among RhD-negative women at KNH was 4.1%. Isoimmunization was significantly associated with miscarriage, hydrops fetalis, IUFD, low birth weight, poor APGAR scores, and NICU admission. Strengthening routine anti-D prophylaxis and improving documentation of its administration after pregnancy loss or delivery are critical to reducing isoimmunization and related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of perianal condylomata acuminata in a pregnant woman.","authors":"Qi He, Jianping Zhou","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.164.50331","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.164.50331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meckel-Gruber syndrome: a rare and fatal congenital disorder (case report).","authors":"Khouloud Moulehi, Imen Bannour, Chayma Rjiba, Salma Ben Youssef, Manel Kaabi, Mohamed Mallouli, Hafedh Touileb, Mohamed Mnasri, Sassi Bouguizéne, Badra Bannour","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.162.47620","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.162.47620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meckel-Gruber syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple malformations. It transmits via a recessive autosomal mode. It is characterized by an occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic renal dysplasia. The diagnosis could be established via ultrasound. In fact, it is actually the key method for the early screening of this lethal malformation with at least two of its main characteristics. However, the diagnosis is confirmed by karyotype analysis. Herein, we present a case of Meckel-Gruber syndrome diagnosed in a fetus from a consanguineous marriage in a 40-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, with one previous healthy child. This pregnancy was terminated at 19 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was made through prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With later confirmation by fetal autopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locoregional recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer with low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: a case report.","authors":"Khadija Khadiri, Zineb Khadrouf, Malak Sadry, Amina Essalihi, Oumaima Bouchra, Majda Taoudi Benchekroun, Mehdi Karkouri","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.161.50434","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.52.161.50434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with high histological grade and an increased propensity for early recurrence. Early locoregional recurrence within three months of a Patey mastectomy is uncommon, making this case noteworthy and contributing valuable insight into the biological aggressiveness of TNBC and the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We report the case of a 49-year-old postmenopausal woman followed for TNBC at the Mohammed VI Oncology Center in Casablanca, Morocco, who presented with a rapidly enlarging inflammatory mass along the outer edge of the left Patey mastectomy scar, extending toward the axillary tail, three months after surgery. Histopathological evaluation confirmed a locoregional recurrence of invasive carcinoma of no special type, revealing a 12.2 cm grade III tumor with a Ki-67 index of 40%, hormone receptor-negative/HER2-negative status, and low TILs (10%). The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical excision of the recurrent lesion, radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of capecitabine, vinorelbine, and gemcitabine, with good tolerance and no evidence of distant metastasis during follow-up. This case underscores the prognostic impact of low TILs and highlights the importance of considering the tumor microenvironment in risk stratification and personalized management of TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}