Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Pituitary metastasis: an unexpected complication in advanced cancer.","authors":"Natthaphon Wonghakaeo, Thiti Snabboon","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.41.46622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.41.46622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community awareness and neuroepidemiology of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in two rural communities in Cameroon.","authors":"Mundih Noelar Njohjam, Mark Olivier Ngoule, Emanuelle Mylene Tonga, Annick-Sandra Jouonang Teugang","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.42.45546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.42.45546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>onchocerciasis is the leading cause of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic communities. Our study aimed to determine the incidence, prevalence and community awareness of Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) in two onchocerciasis-endemic rural communities in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in two rural villages (Yangafock I, and Yangafock II) in the Mbam et Kim division of the Center Region of Cameroon. Door-to-door household visits were conducted to screen for individuals with epilepsy. OAE was defined using previously established criteria. Using an established questionnaire, we assessed community awareness of OAE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>seven hundred and ninety-nine (799) peoples from 102 households (380 in Yangafock I and 419 in Yangafock II) were screened. Fifty-three (53) peoples, (33 from Yangafock I and 20 from Yangafock II) met the OAE clinical criteria. Two hundred and forty-nine (249) persons completed the community awareness questionnaire. For Yangafock I, the overall prevalence of epilepsy was 78.75 per 1000, while for Yangafock II, it was 47.7 per 1000. The five-year incidence of epilepsy was 23.8 per 1000 and 11.9 per 1000 for 44 Yangafock I and Yangafock II, respectively. The most affected age group was 20-29 years. Community members had a critically low level of OAE awareness and risk perception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the high prevalence and a critically low level of public awareness underscore the need to raise community awareness of OAE to increase community engagement in the fight against onchocerciasis and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinicobiological and prognostic profiles of multiple myeloma: about 60 cases].","authors":"Wiem Lazzem, Meriem Belhédi, Souhir Krichen, Sonia Chouaieb","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.40.46075","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.40.46075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant bone marrow plasma cell dyscrasia, associated with the secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig). The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and prognostic features of a cohort of patients with multiple myeloma, whose data were collected at the Laboratory Department of Habib Thameur Hospital in Tunis. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of patients with MM in the Laboratory Department of Habib Thameur Hospital in Tunis over a period of 10 years (2003-2023). Data collection and analysis were performed using patient records and Microsoft Excel 2010 software. A total of 60 patients were included, with a mean age of 67.61 ± 8.7 years and a male-to-female ratio of 0.76. Bone pain was the most common presenting symptom, occurring in 75% of cases. Radiological abnormalities were identified in 50 patients (83%), predominantly affecting the spine (57%). Laboratory tests showed anemia in 74% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 17% of patients, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 90% of cases. Myelogram confirmed the diagnosis in 70% of cases. The monoclonal immunoglobulin identified was IgG in 62% of cases, IgA in 22%, IgM in 2%, and light chain in 12%, one patient presented with biclonal MM. According to the Durie and Salmon classification, the majority of patients (74%) were diagnosed at stage III. This study provides a better understanding of the epidemiological, clinical, and biological characteristics of MM. Despite significant advances made over the past two decades, multiple myeloma remains a disease with a poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological quality of household drinking water and cholera risk in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana.","authors":"Anthony Zunuo Dongdem, Bismark Sarfo, Adolphina Addo-Lartey, David Nana Adjei, Gifty Boateng, Wisdom Takramah, Maxwel Afetor, Grace Ababio, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Benjamin Kwasi Offei, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Francis Anto","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.39.45599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.39.45599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the bacteriological quality of drinking water plays a critical role in preventing waterborne diseases. In Ghana, there is water scarcity and many communities depend on contaminated water sources for their domestic use. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of household drinking water in both cholera endemic and non-endemic areas in Greater Accra Region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a community-based cross-sectional comparative survey in cholera endemic and non-endemic communities was conducted. A total of 480 drinking water samples were collected. The membrane filtration technique was used for the quantification of coliform counts and Vibrio counts. The bacteria were further identified and characterized. The Kruskal Wallis rank test was used to determine any significant variations in the means of the log-transformed bacteria counts among specific factor variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>drinking water samples were contaminated with coliform counts exceeding the zero colony-forming units per 100 ml standard in most communities across cholera endemic and non-endemic areas. Vibrio counts were detected in all household water stored in vessels. Further characterization identified predominantly Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. The coliform contamination levels were significantly higher in water stored in vessels compared to water directly obtained from the source. The contamination levels were generally higher during the wet season than the dry season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the household's stored drinking water and direct water sources were highly contaminated with coliform bacteria, posing a significant risk for the transmission of pathogenic waterborne diseases. Therefore, the need to implement an effective water treatment strategy to improve the quality of drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation science capacity building for immunization stakeholders in Africa: benefits and way forward.","authors":"Abdu Abdullahi Adamu, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Sidy Ndiaye, Jamal Ahmed, Charles Shey Wiysonge","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.38.44117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.38.44117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of immunization programmes in maximizing the public health and economic benefits of vaccines hinges on the ability of stakeholders within countries at both national and subnational levels to implement effectively with equity as the Northern Star. The field of implementation science which emerged in response to know-do gaps, has several frameworks, models, and theories that can be used by immunization stakeholders to enhance vaccination efforts across diverse contexts. However, there is a need to up-skill immunization stakeholders in Africa with implementation science capacity. Existing immunization-related training on the continent are a low-hanging opportunity that can be leveraged to enhance core competencies like implementation theories and frameworks, implementation strategies, systems thinking, quality improvement, and process evaluation among stakeholders. We posit that strengthening the capacity and capability of immunization stakeholders in implementation science can lead to an improvement in its continuous usage within programme settings to solve contextual bottlenecks. Two pathways for achieving this are suggested in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous hip ankylosis in end-stage osteoarthritis: a rare case of complete bony fusion.","authors":"Nikita Gangwani, Gurjeet Kaur","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.36.46147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.36.46147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scarification lengthening technique for the proximal pedicle medial gastrocnemius flap in the management of open leg fractures.","authors":"Ferdinand Nyankoue Mebouinz, Fabrice Stephane Arroye Betou, Freddy Bombah Mertens, Jean Paul Ndamba Engbang, Daniel Handy Eone","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.37.45395","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.37.45395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open leg fractures frequently result in loss of substance, which can compromise the functional outcome of the lower limb. The resulting bone exposure presents a number of problems, including the need for coverage, which necessitates the utilisation of flap techniques. The medial gastrocnemius muscle flap with a proximal pedicle has an arc of rotation that restricts its use to covering the knee and the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. In this work, the authors propose a step-by-step technique for lengthening the medial gastrocnemius flap by scarification. This increases the flap's arc of rotation, compensating for the loss of bone substance and exposure of the tibia beyond its proximal epiphysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients: descriptive study at the Laâyoune Sakia El Hamra Region Oncology Center.","authors":"Darifa El Hairach, Sarah Drider, Imane Fadel, Hefdhallah Al-Aizari, Abdellatif Bour, Soad Khal-Layoun","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.35.41885","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.35.41885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research, conducted in the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra Region in southern Morocco from January 2021 to December 2022, aims to describe the epidemiological profile of cancer patients at the Laâyoune Oncology Center. By following 90 patients who were under observation at the oncology center, the study sought to provide comprehensive insights into their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The study used a two-part questionnaire administered to 90 cancer patients at an ocular oncology center. The first part collected sociodemographic data such as age, marital status and place of residence, and the second part focused on clinical details including stage of diagnosis and treatment. It was found that the incidence of cancer among women over the age of 50 years in this study was 54.4%. Grade 1 was classified as high-grade, while grades 2 and 3 were not negative for hormone receptors. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of risk factors or clinical parameters. However, the placebo group showed a greater preference for mammograms. About 84.4% of patients were diagnosed at stage I, while 15% showed double, triple or squamous cell carcinoma. No significant time differences were observed. Treatment details were available for more than 90% of patients and 3.3% of them underwent surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation. The study revealed that breast cancer among older women patients is more common than in younger women in the study area. The study confirms the need for specific strategies for cancer screening and management in this region and to take necessary measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of penile prosthesis complications: a case series and review of current surgical strategies.","authors":"Moussaab Rachid, Hamza Rais, Ghassane El Omri, Younes Houry, Abdeljalil Heddat","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.34.45903","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.34.45903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penile prostheses offer a definitive solution for organic erectile dysfunction, particularly in cases where medical therapies are ineffective or contraindicated. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and infection-resistant materials, complications still arise. This article presents a case series of three patients experiencing different penile prosthesis complications, including severe penile pain, perineal infection, and prosthesis displacement. Management strategies included surgical removal and replacement of prostheses, administration of antibiotics, and careful post-operative monitoring. Key complications discussed include infections, erosion, mechanical malfunctions, and persistent pain. Effective management involves strict aseptic techniques, patient education, and prompt surgical intervention when necessary. This study underscores the importance of meticulous surgical practice and ongoing patient care to mitigate complications and improve outcomes for penile prosthesis recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding practices among women with diabetes: a cross-sectional study in a Tunisian hospital.","authors":"Chaima Sdiri, Haifa Abdesselem, Kamilia Ounaissa, Fatma Boukhayatia, Emna Bornaz, Asma Ben Brahim, Rim Yahyaoui, Chiraz Amrouche","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.33.46153","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.33.46153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>in literature, women with diabetes breastfeed less than other women of childbearing age. Our study aimed to determine the rates and modalities of breastfeeding in women with diabetes during six months post-delivery and to determine the factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a prospective descriptive observational study was conducted in the Department of Nutritional Diseases \"D\" at the National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis over 18 months from January 2022 to June 2023. Breastfeeding in women with diabetes was assessed at one week (T1) in 78 patients, two months (T2) in 52 patients and six months (T3) post-delivery in 30 patients. Women with gestational diabetes and women who had an abortion, an intrauterine fetal death, or neonatal death, were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the mean age of participants was 35.1±4.8 years. Most patients (82%) had type 2 diabetes. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were 40%, 44%, and 10% at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Partial breastfeeding rates were 42%, 33%, and 40%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the husband's encouragement (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI 1.34-4.12; p=0.003) was positively associated with breastfeeding, while prematurity (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.92; p=0.02) was negatively associated. Other barriers included insufficient milk (p=0.001) and breast refusal (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>factors promoting or hindering breastfeeding, such as family support and neonatal complications, should be systematically addressed in the postpartum care of women with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}