Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment adherence: reflections on a retrospective cohort study in Lesotho.","authors":"Gianella Ramos Mejia","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.10.53079","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.10.53079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core competency gaps among Somalia's disease surveillance workforce: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, Abdullahi Mohamed Mohamud, Marian Muse Osman, Mohamed Abdirahman Abdi, Gallad Dahir Hassan, Yusuf Hared Abdi, Saadaq Adan Hussein, Salad Ahmed Halane, Mohamed Abdinor Omar, Sahra Isse Mohamed","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.9.50073","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.9.50073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>sensitive disease surveillance is essential for global health security, yet fragile, conflict-affected settings like Somalia face critical human resource and capacity challenges. District and regional surveillance officers are frontline personnel whose competencies in epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and data analysis directly influence early detection, rapid response, and containment of public health threats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1^st to 30^th April 2025 among all 90 active surveillance officers (72 District Surveillance Officers, 18 Regional Surveillance Officers) across Somalia's Federal Member States. A structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, training history (IDSR, FETP, outbreak investigation, rapid response, scientific reporting), and self-reported competencies in core surveillance domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of 90 invited officers, 68 completed the survey (response rate 75.6%). Participants were predominantly male (86.8%) and aged 20-39 years (95.6%), with 95.6% holding bachelor's or master's degrees. IDSR training coverage was high (96.6%), yet only 10.3% of district officers participated in FETP. Outbreak investigation experience was highest for cholera (54.4%) and measles (47.1%), but low (<20%) for AFP, malaria, diphtheria, and respiratory infections. Technical skills in Excel were widespread (≥75%), whereas GIS (25%) and Power BI (<5%) proficiency were limited. Geographic distribution was uneven, with 27.9% of officers based in Banadir and underrepresentation in peripheral regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>critical gaps in advanced epidemiological skills, specialized outbreak experience, and workforce equity among Somali surveillance officers undermine national disease detection and response. Prioritizing surveillance officers on FETP, targeted refresher training, technical upskilling in GIS and data visualization, and motivation are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of central vascular access in the management of patients receiving chemotherapy for non-hematological malignant tumors: PICC line versus implantable Ports].","authors":"Ouassila Bendjaballah, Sofiane Chioukh, Assia Bensalem, Hichem Makhloufi, Atika Karoune, Abdelhak Lekhal, Rima Mouellef","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.8.50864","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.8.50864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and totally implantable ports (Ports) are used for chemotherapy administration. This study aimed to compare their morbidity, mortality, and complication rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a prospective, randomised, comparative single-centre study with 6 months of follow-up included adult patients with non-hematological malignancies eligible for chemotherapy (palliative, curative, or adjuvant intent). Primary endpoints were the frequency of adverse events (minor/major), impact on quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and medico-economic cost.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>out of 206 randomised patients, 192 were analysed (Port: 102; PICC: 90). The overall complication rate was 12.5% (n=24). Major complications were significantly more frequent with PICCs (17.8%; 16/90) than with Ports (4.9%; 5/102), with a relative risk of 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-9.9; p=0.041). For chemotherapy lasting less than 6 months, the mean total cost was significantly higher for Ports (160,123.41 DA) than for PICCs (43,259.69 DA) (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in overall quality of life, with a modest trend favoring Ports for global health and pain at three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ports, although costlier, are associated with a significantly lower risk of major complications. They may be preferred as a safe and effective access for long-term chemotherapy. The optimal choice should integrate treatment duration, patient risk profile, and economic constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sentinel surveillance of COVID-19 in 2024-2025 shows the persistence of Omicron circulation and the introduction of the XFJ recombinant in the Republic of Guinea.","authors":"Mamadou Bhoye Keita, Bassala Traore, Houssainatou Bah, Mamadou Aliou Sampou, Pépé Tohonamou, Almamy Amara Toure, Moussa Aminata Keita, Mamoudou Conde, Bile Ebi, Sidiki Ibrahima Bamba, Ibrahima Fane, Abdoulaye Diakite, Abdoulaye Fodé Toure, Sékou Oumar Traore, Mamadou Dian Djiwo Diallo, Oumou Salamata Diallo, Mamadou Baghirou Bah, Mafoudia Soumare, Kaba Kourouma, Pierre Fenano, Mahamoud Sama Cherif","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.6.52267","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.6.52267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>several studies have shown the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 between 2020 and 2023 in Guinea. This study provides updated information on the circulation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 from 2024 to 2025 and the variants circulating in Guinea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>as part of the integrated influenza/COVID-19 sentinel surveillance program, 2423 nasopharyngeal samples were analysed using RT-PCR, and those positive for SARS-CoV-2 were sequenced using the Illumina COVIDSeq Assay protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>all age groups, ranging from <2 years to > 64 years, were affected by COVID-19, with an average SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate of 2.3%. The virus showed sporadic activity throughout the 2024-2025 period, with a higher level of activity during epidemiological week 42 (October) of 2024. Genomic analysis showed that only the Omicron variant circulated, along with its subvariants JN.1 and LF.7, in 2024. Subvariant LF.7 and recombinant XFJ also circulated in 2025.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 subvariants continue to circulate sporadically in Guinea, with the XFJ recombinant having been detected in humans. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen sentinel, genomic, and environmental surveillance for the early detection of any new COVID-19 outbreak and the potential emergence of new variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute upper limb ischemia: a complication of acute coronary syndrome (a case report)].","authors":"Dialtabé Ibrahima Guessé Ba, Abdou Lahat Khouma, Mohamadou Al Khalifa Ba, Eliane Somyarian Sawadogo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Papa Arona Sene","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.7.50791","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.7.50791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We here report the case of a 30-year-old woman presenting with acute coronary syndrome complicated by acute ischemia of the left upper limb. She underwent Fogarty thrombectomy via humeral approach, with uncomplicated postoperative course. Given the rarity of non-traumatic acute upper limb ischemia, this case highlights the importance of diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndromes to prevent potential complications that may threaten both functional and vital prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the economic costs of disease outbreaks to health systems.","authors":"George Nyadimo Agot, Marshal Mutinda Mweu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.4.52132","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.4.52132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease outbreaks are non-random public health phenomena attributed to known or idiopathic human, animal, and animal-based factors; a realm referred to as the One Health concept; a new global public health order for control and prevention of epidemics, endemics, and pandemics. These are diseases of viral, prion, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic origin, transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans and vice versa. Emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases such as rabies, Ebola, COVID-19, monkeypox, avian influenza, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and Lyme disease continue to affect populations across the world, pointing to unexpected budget impacts of the affected countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic control and its associated factors among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Ethiopia: a narrative review.","authors":"Yemane Leake, Hindeya Hailu Hagos, Birhanu Kassie Reta","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.5.50512","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.5.50512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycemic control is a critical component in the management of diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents. This narrative review synthesizes existing evidence on the status of glycemic control-both good and poor-and its associated factors among Ethiopian children and adolescents living with diabetes. The objective of the review was to assess the pattern of glycemic control and identify factors associated with both good and poor glycemic outcomes among children and adolescents with diabetes in Ethiopia. Relevant studies reporting on glycemic control and associated factors were identified through searches conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online, and the Ethiopian Medical Journal. Additional grey literature sources were also reviewed. Eligible studies were screened and narratively synthesized. The prevalence of poor glycemic control among Ethiopian children and adolescents ranged from 39.3% to 89.3%. Conversely, good glycemic control was reported in 16.4% to 60.7% of participants. Factors associated with glycemic control included socio-demographic characteristics, treatment-related variables, health system constraints, and dietary habits. Poor glycemic control is widespread among Ethiopian children and adolescents with diabetes, underscoring the urgent need for improved management strategies and targeted interventions. Strengthening diabetes education, promoting self-monitoring of blood glucose, and improving access to essential medical supplies and insulin may help enhance glycemic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute erythroblastopenia due to Parvovirus B19 in hemoglobinopathies: a retrospective case series at Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.","authors":"Ismail Regragui, Hassane Mamad, Jalila Zirar, Najoua El Mokhtari, Mohamed Ifleh, Souad Benkirane, Azlarab Masrar","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.2.49819","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.2.49819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the clinical and hematological characteristics of acute erythroblastopenia induced by Parvovirus B19 in patients with underlying hemoglobinopathies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 53 patients with confirmed Parvovirus B19 infection, among whom 10 pediatric cases met the criteria for acute erythroblastopenia, defined by hemoglobin <6 g/dL and reticulocytopenia <20x10⁹/L. Among 53 patients with confirmed Parvovirus B19 infection, 10 pediatric cases (18.9%) met the criteria for acute erythroblastopenia. All cases occurred in children with various hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disease (3 cases), S/beta-thalassemia (1 case), hemoglobin C disease (2 cases), and hereditary spherocytosis (2 cases), while two patients had no identified hemoglobinopathy. The mean hemoglobin was 5.13 ± 1.66 g/dL, with profound reticulocytopenia. Multi-lineage involvement occurred in 20% (n=2/10) of cases. Bone marrow examination showed variable erythroblast percentages (1-47%). Recovery time ranged from 6 to 35 days, with the longest recovery observed in sickle cell patients. Parvovirus B19 causes severe erythroblastopenic crises in children with hemoglobinopathies, particularly in sickle cell disease, where the clinical impact is most pronounced.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring prehospital perceptions of interprofessional knowledge as a factor in emergency centre handover: a qualitative study of prehospital emergency care personnel.","authors":"Andrew William Makkink, Christopher Owen Alexander Stein","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.3.42529","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.3.42529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>a significant proportion of medical errors can be attributed to miscommunication between healthcare professionals. Effective interprofessional handover is heavily dependent on interprofessional collaboration, which can itself be affected by factors such as hierarchies, interprofessional differences, and unawareness of the other professionals' skillsets and expertise. The purpose of this study was to establish the potential effect(s) that interprofessional knowledge or lack thereof had on interprofessional communication and collaboration within prehospital to emergency centre (EC) patient handover.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a qualitative descriptive design was used, with face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to gather data from 15 purposefully selected prehospital emergency care providers. Interviews were transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti where they were coded using the principles of qualitative description. Data collection was concluded when saturation had been reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>four dominant themes were identified relating to interprofessional knowledge as a factor in prehospital to emergency centre (EC) handover. These themes were: 1) lack of interprofessional knowledge, 2) lack of understanding of working environments, 3) prehospital understanding of pressures within the EC, and 4) the need for interprofessional education and collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this is one of the few studies in a middle-income country relating the prehospital to the emergency centre patient handover. Improving interprofessional knowledge regarding qualification, capabilities, and working environment, interprofessional respect and communication can potentially improve interprofessional patient handover and patient safety. The findings of this study could be used to inform healthcare providers, policymakers, healthcare staff, and researchers to formulate intervention strategies to improve prehospital to emergency centre patient handover.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Idiopathic hemolacria in a 15-year-old adolescent girl].","authors":"Laatfa Imane, Youssef Jeddi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.1.49559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2026.54.1.49559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}