Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Acute erythroblastopenia due to Parvovirus B19 in hemoglobinopathies: a retrospective case series at Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.","authors":"Ismail Regragui, Hassane Mamad, Jalila Zirar, Najoua El Mokhtari, Mohamed Ifleh, Souad Benkirane, Azlarab Masrar","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.2.49819","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.2.49819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the clinical and hematological characteristics of acute erythroblastopenia induced by Parvovirus B19 in patients with underlying hemoglobinopathies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 53 patients with confirmed Parvovirus B19 infection, among whom 10 pediatric cases met the criteria for acute erythroblastopenia, defined by hemoglobin <6 g/dL and reticulocytopenia <20x10⁹/L. Among 53 patients with confirmed Parvovirus B19 infection, 10 pediatric cases (18.9%) met the criteria for acute erythroblastopenia. All cases occurred in children with various hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disease (3 cases), S/beta-thalassemia (1 case), hemoglobin C disease (2 cases), and hereditary spherocytosis (2 cases), while two patients had no identified hemoglobinopathy. The mean hemoglobin was 5.13 ± 1.66 g/dL, with profound reticulocytopenia. Multi-lineage involvement occurred in 20% (n=2/10) of cases. Bone marrow examination showed variable erythroblast percentages (1-47%). Recovery time ranged from 6 to 35 days, with the longest recovery observed in sickle cell patients. Parvovirus B19 causes severe erythroblastopenic crises in children with hemoglobinopathies, particularly in sickle cell disease, where the clinical impact is most pronounced.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring prehospital perceptions of interprofessional knowledge as a factor in emergency centre handover: a qualitative study of prehospital emergency care personnel.","authors":"Andrew William Makkink, Christopher Owen Alexander Stein","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.3.42529","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.3.42529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>a significant proportion of medical errors can be attributed to miscommunication between healthcare professionals. Effective interprofessional handover is heavily dependent on interprofessional collaboration, which can itself be affected by factors such as hierarchies, interprofessional differences, and unawareness of the other professionals' skillsets and expertise. The purpose of this study was to establish the potential effect(s) that interprofessional knowledge or lack thereof had on interprofessional communication and collaboration within prehospital to emergency centre (EC) patient handover.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a qualitative descriptive design was used, with face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to gather data from 15 purposefully selected prehospital emergency care providers. Interviews were transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti where they were coded using the principles of qualitative description. Data collection was concluded when saturation had been reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>four dominant themes were identified relating to interprofessional knowledge as a factor in prehospital to emergency centre (EC) handover. These themes were: 1) lack of interprofessional knowledge, 2) lack of understanding of working environments, 3) prehospital understanding of pressures within the EC, and 4) the need for interprofessional education and collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this is one of the few studies in a middle-income country relating the prehospital to the emergency centre patient handover. Improving interprofessional knowledge regarding qualification, capabilities, and working environment, interprofessional respect and communication can potentially improve interprofessional patient handover and patient safety. The findings of this study could be used to inform healthcare providers, policymakers, healthcare staff, and researchers to formulate intervention strategies to improve prehospital to emergency centre patient handover.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Idiopathic hemolacria in a 15-year-old adolescent girl].","authors":"Laatfa Imane, Youssef Jeddi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.54.1.49559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2026.54.1.49559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes of genital fistula repair in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: FisPro DRC Experience.","authors":"Lucien Wasingya Kasereka, Patricia Mavuzi, Tresor Kibendelwa, Gabriel Mathe Muhini, Augustin Kanyali, Jean-Paul Kituli Muhawali, Dieumerci Kaseso, Albin Baraka Munyanderu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.178.50433","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.178.50433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to present the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes of women operated on for genital fistulas at the Medical Center Bolamu in Kinshasa by the Fistula Program DRC (FisPro DRC) from 2021 to 2025. It was a retrospective, descriptive analysis that included 336 women who underwent genital fistula repair between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2025. Data were collected from patients´ medical records. The variables included demographics, fistula etiology, anatomoclinical diagnosis, and post-operative status assessed at the 14-day postoperative period before discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). In our study population of 336 patients, the mean age was 42 years, and the average duration of the fistula was 9 years. A vast majority of patients (92.6%, n=311) had no prior surgical repair attempt. The primary etiology was obstetrical (67.0%, n=225), followed by iatrogenic causes (32.7%, n=110). Anatomically, the most prevalent types were vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) (40.8%, n=137) and perineal tears (40.5%, n=136). Following repair, a successful surgical outcome (closed and continent) was observed in 92.9% of cases (n=) at the 14-day postoperative assessment. Genital fistula is a real health challenge in Kinshasa, characterized by late presentation and severe lack of treatment access. The fistulas are caused particularly by obstetric and iatrogenic trauma. FisPro's surgical and functional success shows why we need dedicated fistula repair programs and stronger awareness and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetric conditions requiring intensive care at the Analankininina University Hospital Centre, Toamasina, Madagascar.","authors":"Rafanomezantsoa Toky Andriamahefa, Razafindrabekoto Lova Dany Ella, Razafindraibe Felanarivo Andriatompoina, Razermera Andy Harson, Harioly Nirina Marie Osé Judicaël, Andriatahina Todisoa Nomenjanahary","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.179.52073","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.179.52073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of obstetric emergencies in the intensive care unit (ICU) requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of obstetric patients admitted to the ICU of Analankininina University Hospital Centre (CHUAT). This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over an 18-month period, from January 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024. A total of 58 obstetric cases were recorded, representing a prevalence of 10.8%. The mean age was 25.29 ± 6.73 years. Hypertension was the most common medical history. Direct admissions accounted for 86.8% of the patients. Postoperative cases constituted the main reason for admission (48%), followed by complications of pregnancy-induced hypertension (26%). Four maternal deaths were reported, mainly due to disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, and hypovolemic shock. The management of critically ill obstetric patients plays a key role in reducing maternal mortality. Establishing a dedicated obstetric and gynecologic ICU would improve access to care for near-miss cases and enhance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early epidemiologic and genomic insights from Sierra Leone's first mpox cases, 2025.","authors":"Eric Nzirakaindi Ikoona, Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru, Martin Faye, Bridget Magoba, Doris Harding, Mary Magdalene Sinnah, Mustapha Jalloh, Fatou Diène Thiaw, Aminata Tigiedankay Koroma, Serigne Fallou Mbacké Ngom, Joseph Sam Kanu, James Sylvester Squire, Landry Gerald Boussiengui, Ndongo Dia, Ousmane Faye, Boubacar Diallo, Abdourahmane Sow, Mohamed Alex Vandi, Sartie Kenneh, Austin Demby, Foday Sahr","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.177.49795","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.177.49795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>early characterization of outbreak cases supports rapid decisions. We conducted real-time analysis during the initial outbreak phase in mid-March 2025 of Sierra Leone's first 44 laboratory-confirmed Mpox cases (10^th January to 5^th March 2025) to generate epidemiologic and genomic intelligence for response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we summarized surveillance data and sequenced 18 early cases with Oxford Nanopore. Firth-penalized logistic regression was employed to explore risk factors for severe disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>median age was 27 years (interquartile range 22 to 35); 68.2% were male. Most cases reported no recent international travel (95.5%). All cases presented with rash; fever occurred in 72.7%. Six cases (13.6%) met severe criteria; no deaths occurred (0 of 44; 95% confidence interval 0 to 8.0). Household secondary attack rate was 7.3% during the study window and 8.2% after completion of follow-up. Sequencing identified two co-circulating sub-lineages consistent with A.2.2 and B.1.6 and a strong APOBEC3 pattern (142 of 212 guanine-to-adenine in thymine-cytosine versus 70 of 212 cytosine-to-thymine in guanine-adenine; exact binomial p approximately 8.6x10^-7; X²= 24.5, df = 1, p≈ 7.6x10^-7). Root-to-tip analysis showed weak temporal signal (R²=0.31; date randomization p= 0.18), so we did not interpret clock estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>real-time analysis during the initial outbreak phase showed community transmission, quantified household spread, documented two sub-lineages with an APOBEC3 signature, and generated severity hypotheses that immediately informed surveillance and vaccine prioritization. Findings require validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst school-age children in Abuja, Nigeria.","authors":"Dan Apagu Gadzama, Julia Arthur, Ben Gold, Dolapo Clement, Sadiq Abdulrahaman, Jenny Momoh","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.176.51363","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.176.51363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>urogenital schistosomiasis affects an estimated 240 million people globally, with ~90% of cases occurring in Africa. Nigeria bears a substantial burden, with ~29 million people affected. This study assessed the community-level prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Abuja.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in April 2025. School-aged children provided urine samples, which were examined using urine filtration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of 400 participants, 174 (43.5%) were aged 5-9 years, 196 (49.0%) 10-14 years, and 30 (7.5%) 15-19 years. Microscopy identified 124 (31.0%) positive cases; males and females accounted for 58.1% and 41.9% of infections, respectively. Children aged 10-14 years were most affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>urinary schistosomiasis remains endemic in Abuja. Sustained public health interventions are required to curb transmission and mitigate long-term complications in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Journey with paediatric cancer: reflections on its impact on patients and their families.","authors":"Neshika Munshi, Moeti Kgware, Raisuyah Bhagwan","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.174.48283","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.174.48283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the experience of paediatric cancer presents intense emotional and psychological challenges for both children and their families. This study explores the lived experiences of parents caring for children with cancer at a public hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, highlighting the multidimensional impact of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a qualitative case study design was employed. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of paediatric cancer patients at a tertiary public hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed manually using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>two major themes emerged: the multidimensional effects of cancer on the child, and the multifaceted impact on the family unit. Children exhibited signs of emotional despair, fear of death, academic disruption, social isolation, and distress related to medical procedures. Parents reported significant psychological trauma, financial hardship, disruption of daily life and career, and strained marital and family relationships. Lack of information about the disease also compounded stress among caregivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>paediatric cancer deeply affects not only the physical health of children but also their emotional well-being and family stability. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated psychosocial support, including mental health services and caregiver education, within paediatric oncology care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of oxidative stress, inflammation, and ADIPOQ gene expression in young adults at risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Rachana Raveendran, Anthony Josephine, Varalakshmi Sureka, Periandavan Kalaiselvi, Poornima Raja Raja Varma, Lasitha Neroth Kandy, Renjith Kariyil Radhakrishnan Nair, Manjusha Kottola, Midhun Thazhissery Mohanan, Swathi Thoduvayil, Thahira Abdulla, Pinchulatha Kottiyath, Dinesh Roy Divakaran","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.175.47681","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.175.47681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly seen in young adults due to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are key contributors to their development, promoting liver damage, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin, encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, has protective metabolic effects, and its reduction, often influenced by genetic factors, is linked to increased disease risk. This study evaluates the relationship between oxidative stress (MDA), inflammation (IL-6), and ADIPOQ gene expression in young adults to identify early biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this case-control study (2022 December-2024 December) included 300 participants aged 18-45 years with clinically established non-alcoholic fatty liver and/or cardiovascular risk disease, who were categorized as the case group. The remaining 150 healthy individuals served as the control group. MDA and IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA, while ADIPOQ expression was analyzed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed using t-tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and quantile regression in Stata 17.0, with significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cases showed elevated MDA and IL-6 levels and reduced ADIPOQ expression compared to controls. ROC analysis identified MDA as the strongest biomarker (AUC = 0.9605). IL-6 showed diagnostic potential but lost significance after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. MDA and IL-6 levels negatively correlated with ADIPOQ expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with reduced ADIPOQ expression in young adults at risk of NAFLD and CVD. While ADIPOQ alone may have limited predictive power, early identification of oxidative and inflammatory markers could aid in timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends in HIV infection among female sex workers in Cabo Verde, 2013-2023: evidence from three integrated bio-behavioural surveys.","authors":"Adilson José DePina, Nelson Neide Furtado Ribeiro, Maria Celina Moreira Ferreira, Marta Freire, José Manuel Marques, Artur Jorge Correia","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.172.50672","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.172.50672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>female sex workers (FSWs) remain disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection globally. In Cabo Verde, where the population HIV prevalence is below 1%, targeted surveillance among key populations is essential to sustain epidemic control. This study aimed to assess temporal trends in HIV infection prevalence, age-specific and geographic patterns, and behavioural and structural determinants of HIV infection among female sex workers in Cabo Verde between 2013 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>three cross-sectional integrated bio-behavioural surveys were in 2013 (n=452), 2017 (n=481), and 2023 (n=519) using respondent-driven sampling in six municipalities. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and rapid HIV testing. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIV prevalence remained stable at 5.4% (2013), 5.3% (2017), and 4.9% (2023), far exceeding national levels (∼0.6%). Although HIV infection prevalence declined slightly over time (5.4% to 4.9%), this trend was not statistically significant (p for trend = 0.21). HIV infection prevalence was higher among older FSWs (30-44 years; 14.7%) and those with no formal education (23.1%). Age correlated positively with HIV (ρ=0.22, p<0.01), while education and condom use were inversely correlated. Older age (aOR=3.7, 95% CI: 1.9-6.9) and reported stigma (aOR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) independently predicted infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV prevalence among FSWs in Cabo Verde has remained unchanged for a decade despite improved testing coverage (96% in 2023). Persistent structural inequities and stigma underscore the need for rights-based interventions, expanded PrEP, and strengthened prevention services for key populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}