Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mucinous cystadenoma of the caecum: a rare cause of recurrent intussusception in a 3-year-old boy (case report).","authors":"Jessica Dei-Asamoa, Abigail Anima Owusu, Samira Abdulai, Samuel Essoun, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Benjamin Akinkang, Solomon Edward Quayson, Victor Etwire, Hope Glover-Addy, Afua Adwo Jectey Hesse","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.81.44175","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.81.44175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucinous cystadenoma of the caecum is an exceptionally rare occurrence, particularly in paediatric patients. They have been rarely reported in the appendix, ovary, pancreas, and liver. This is the first report of a mucinous cystadenoma of the caecum (to the best of the authors' knowledge) in a child. A mucinous cystadenoma of the caecum can serve as a pathological lead point in intussusception. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with a mucinous cystadenoma of the caecum causing intussusception. The intussusception recurred after an initial successful hydrostatic reduction. He had a laparotomy which revealed a caecal mass for which a limited right hemicolectomy was done. The histological diagnosis of the caecal mass was a mucinous cystadenoma. In intussusception caused by a lead point like a mucinous cystadenoma, an enema reduction may be successful but the intussusception may recur. Physical examination may reveal pathological lead points not detected on ultrasound scans. This case report contributes to the limited literature on mucinous cystadenomas of the caecum and calls for the need for further research to better understand their aetiology, clinical manifestation, histopathological diagnosis, and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge assessment of women of reproductive age on birth defects: a descriptive cross-sectional study in Kenya.","authors":"George Nyadimo Agot, Joseph Kibuchi Wang Ombe, Marshal Mutinda Mweu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.79.43037","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.79.43037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>birth defects are defined as structural or functional congenital malformations occurring during intrauterine and detectable prenatally, at birth, or later. Birth defects-awareness creation among women of reproductive age would help in preventing the occurrence of birth defects of known aetiology worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to assess the birth defects knowledge of women of reproductive age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design in eleven purposively selected public hospitals. The study population comprised women with children under five years, and attending child-welfare clinics at the study hospitals. Descriptive analyses consisting of means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges were used to summarize continuous variables, whereas, percentages and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the median age of the study participants was 26 years with a mean of 27 (Standard Deviation=5, Range=17-42). A majority (77%) achieved at least a secondary level of education, while the median gravidity was 2 with a mean of 2 (Standard Deviation=1, Range; 1-8). The study participants' knowledge was above average (67%), implying in every 10 of reproductive age 3 had sub-optimal knowledge of birth defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>women of reproductive age were substantially deficient in birth defects knowledge in the county. Thus, we would like to recommend to public health policymakers and health care providers to formulate short health messages on birth defects tailored to women attending child welfare and antenatal clinics at all levels of health care including community health services in the county.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition analysis using bioelectric impedance in Bissau: reproducibility and level of agreement between two available devices.","authors":"Lilica Sanca, Stine Byberg, Cipriano Có, Geovane da Costa, Marceano Indami, Luis Rama, Ana Maria Teixeira, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Eugénia Carvalho","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.80.42997","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.80.42997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the need to correctly measure and follow body composition as a simple disease prevention metric is important, especially where the healthcare infrastructures are poor. The variety of inexpensive devices available for this purpose is large. However, it is imperative to validate them in relation to the gold standard method, dual-energy absorptiometry X-ray (DEXA). In low-income countries, DEXA measurements aren't available. Thus, easy-to-use, and accurate devices are indispensable. In Guinea-Bissau, two relatively inexpensive, bioelectrical impedance scales, simple to use, are available. However, their accuracy has not been assessed in this setting. The study compares the level of agreement in measurements between, the Tanita® BC-545 and the Omron Karada Scan BF511, in adult volunteers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>volunteers grouped for athletic and sports modalities at stadiums and sports facilities in Bissau were included. All anthropometric measurements were done in both devices. For statistical analysis, we created Bland-Altman plots to assess their level of agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the study included 274 participants, mean age 27.4 years, 214 (78%) males. For body fat, the median between the Omron and Tanita measures was 2.6 and the interquartile was 5.2. The Omron measured median body mass index, -0.3 kg/m² and 0.8 kg/m² of interquartile below that of the Tanita. For visceral fat, the Omron measured 1% of median and an interquartile of 2% above that of the Tanita. For skeletal muscle, the Omron median measured 11.3% and 11.4 % of interquartile below that of the Tanita. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for body fat (BF), body mass index (BMI) and skeletal muscle (SM) was 0.99 and for VF it was 1.00 on both devices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the results indicate a good level of agreement between the two devices. In resource-limited settings, the Omron is likely a reasonable substitute for more expensive body composition devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes in Dongola, Northern State, Sudan, 2022: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mohammed Abumhadi, Othman Amin, Sigoud Mohammed, Anas Mohamedelkhair, Esra Osman, Mohamed Issak, Wadah Mohammed, Omer Abdelmajid, Asjed Abdoun, Mohamed Abdelaziz","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.77.43765","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.77.43765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potential complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Both are a significant public health burden globally, affecting millions of people. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward DR among patients with diabetes in Dongola, Northern State, Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among patients with diabetes attending Al-Jemaih Diabetic Center, from September 2022 to June 2023. The data were collected through face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 26. Statistical tests like Chi-Square, logistic regression tests were performed to explore association and its strength, considering statistical significance at p≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>among the 241 patients who participated in the study, about two-third, 63.9% (n=154) being females. About half, 55.2% (n=133) had good DR knowledge, which was significantly associated with urban residence (aOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.45-4.62; p=0.001). Majority, 79.3% (n=191) reported favorable DR attitude. About two-third, 63.9% (n=154) reported good DR practice. However, only 27.8% (n=67) routinely go for eye check-up. Knowledge was significantly associated with practice (aOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.13-4.20; p=<0.019). The most common barrier reported hindering regular eye check-up was misconception that the eye check-up is not necessary, 39.4% (n=65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>despite the good knowledge, favorable attitude and good practices, the regular eye check-up practice was significantly low. Urban residence was significantly associated with knowledge. Similarly, knowledge was found to be significantly associated with practice level. The most common barrier to regular eye check-up was the misconception that it is not important.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching under pressure: assessing burnout among high school teachers.","authors":"Hicham Guider, Fatine Hadrya, Mohammed Amine Lafraxo, Youssef El Madhi, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari, Hinde Hami","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.78.42914","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.78.42914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the increasing demands and responsibilities placed upon teachers are causing overwhelming stress. As a result, many teachers struggle with managing their workload effectively, which increases their susceptibility to burnout. This study aims to investigate burnout among high school teachers in Tetouan, Morocco, and explore the various contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional study was conducted involving teachers who completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a comprehensive questionnaire covering personal attributes and professional responsibilities. We then used statistical software to analyze the collected data. <b>Results:</b> the study, involving 258 high school teachers, highlights a significant prevalence of burnout, with levels ranging from moderate to high. Particularly notable is the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, which affected 43% of the participants, whereas depersonalization (46%) and personal accomplishment (47%) exhibited relatively lower levels of concern. In addition, a thorough analysis revealed significant correlations between burnout rates and contributing factors, including gender, number of classes taught, class size, weekly working hours, and engagement in regular physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>this study highlights the substantial prevalence of burnout among high school teachers, emphasizing the urgency of teacher well-being. It enhances the understanding of the association between burnout and different work-related and lifestyle factors, enabling the identification of appropriate interventions. The interaction between burnout and these factors implies the need to further investigate gender-specific and workload-related preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant basal cell carcinoma in a non-sun exposed area with four years follow-up: a case report.","authors":"Ghadah Alhetheli","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.70.44097","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.70.44097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a low-grade malignant tumor that if properly managed has an excellent prognosis. Development of BCC outside the skin areas exposed to sun rays is infrequent. Giant BCC is a rare entity, especially in unexposed areas of the body. It carries a considerable implication on patients' quality of life because of the risk of being a source of infection that may progress to severe sepsis and/or metastasis. An old female presented with a long-standing solitary lesion measuring 7.5x6 cm overlaying the lumber 4-5 vertebral region about 2.5 cm from the line of the sacral promontory. No lymph nodes or distant metastases were detected. For many years, it was misdiagnosed by other physicians as eczema, psoriasis, and fungal infection and accordingly failed to respond to treatment. A histopathological examination of lesional punch biopsy assured the diagnosis of giant superficially spreading BCC. The lesion was excised with a circumferential safety margin of about 5 mm. During the follow-up period of 4 years, no recurrence was detected. Despite being a long-standing Giant basal cell carcinoma (GBCC) in a sun-hidden skin area, the growth behaved as a locally malignant lesion without metastasizing. A wide local surgical excision of the GBCC with 5 mm safety margins was feasible, safe, and with a good aesthetic outcome. Importantly, family practitioners should avoid such missed cases through accuracy in their diagnosis and early referral of any atypical cases to a dermatologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of arterio-venous malformation of the left lower limb.","authors":"Souvik Sarkar, Ulhas Jadhav","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.73.43960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.73.43960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air crescent sign in a case of aspergilloma.","authors":"Aishwarya Kishor Kedar, Babaji Ghewade","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.71.43019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.71.43019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare clinical insight: esophageal atresia discovered in an adult.","authors":"Shakuntala Pandey, Bali Thool","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.72.43959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.48.72.43959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distal humerus fractures in subjects over 65 years old: about 62 cases in Moroccan population.","authors":"Anass Abaydi, Tarik Bouziani, Amine Tbatou, Jihad Radi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.75.44154","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2024.48.75.44154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distal humerus fractures, defined as interruptions of bone continuity below the insertion of the anterior brachial muscle, are relatively rare, representing 1 to 2% of all fractures. These fractures display a bimodal distribution, predominantly affecting young men (12-19 years old) due to violent trauma and elderly women (>80 years old) due to low-energy trauma associated with osteoporosis. This study aims to present the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic outcomes of distal humerus fractures in subjects over 65 years. A retrospective analysis of 62 cases treated surgically with plates at CHU Hassan II in Fes, Morocco, from January 2010 to December 2023 was conducted. Patients included were over 65 years old with non-pathological distal humerus fractures. Data were collected on epidemiology, fracture characteristics, surgical treatment, complications, and functional outcomes. The average age of patients was 73 years, with equal gender distribution. Most fractures resulted from simple falls (56%) and road traffic accidents (33%). Common comorbidities included hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and confirmed osteoporosis. Surgical treatment with plates, predominantly using the posterior approach, showed a high consolidation rate of 89%. Complications included infection, ulnar nerve paresthesia, stiffness, malunion, and nonunion. Functional outcomes, assessed using the Mayo Clinic Elbow Performance Score, were excellent to good in 64.5% of patients, with significant pain relief and satisfactory mobility observed in most cases. In conclusion, managing distal humerus fractures in individuals over 65 is challenging due to anatomical complexity and comorbidities. Conservative surgical treatment with dual plating, particularly parallel plating with anatomical pre-molded plates, provides superior stability and favorable functional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of stable fixation and early rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}