Unveiling dengue fever prevention and control strategy in Ethiopia: a policy landscape analysis.

Abstract

Introduction: dengue fever is an emerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Ethiopia. To sustainably address its incidence and impact, a strong policy framework is essential for enhancing prevention and control efforts. This study aimed to explore existing operational policies and identify the facilitators and barriers to implementing tailored, country-specific strategies.

Methods: the study employed a mixed-methods design. A desk review analysis, utilizing the policy triangle framework, examined existing operational policy documents, analyzing their content, context, actors, and processes. Additionally, eight key informant interviews were conducted with stakeholders, leading to the development of a thematic analysis based on the study objectives.

Results: six dengue fever prevention and control policy documents were identified. Two from the Ministry of Health and four from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute lacked details regarding target populations, geographic areas, risk levels, and the focus of interventions across different contexts. A qualitative review revealed that the lack of tailored, country-specific intervention strategies, the absence of dedicated programs, and insufficient budget allocation to dengue fever prevention and control. Furthermore, collaboration among ministries and health stakeholders was poor, and the application of operational research was limited.

Conclusion: the identified gaps emphasize the urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to address dengue prevention and control. This involves developing tailored, country-specific intervention strategies and establishing a dedicated dengue program with sufficient resources. Robust early warning surveillance systems, coupled with strengthened intra- and inter-sectoral collaboration, are crucial for coordinated dengue fever control. Implementing cost-effective, locally adapted integrated vector management strategies, guided by a one health approach.