Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"[Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 in healthcare workers and associated factors in the city of Yaoundé in July 2022].","authors":"Séverine Olga Blanche Koïngakiawa, Joel Lonla Nzougouat, Brice Essomba Edzoa, Calvin Tonga","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.97.42581","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.97.42581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>vaccination is one of the most effective COVID-19 control strategies. Because of their high exposure to infectious risks, healthcare workers are considered as priority targets. Given the overall low vaccination coverage in the country, we investigated the vaccination status of healthcare workers and the associated factors. The general objective was to determine vaccination coverage and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Yaoundé.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional study based on the survey of 621 participants from 125 health facilities, divided into 3 strata, including all the health districts in the city of Yaoundé, from 06/06 to 09/07/2022. The sample size was calculated following the WHO recommended approach for estimating vaccine coverage using the two-stage cluster sampling method, with 10% precision, for an anticipated vaccine coverage of 25% and a 95% confidence interval. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Yaoundé was estimated at 42.0% (95% CI: 38.2% - 46.0%), including 1.3% verified vaccination status. Socio-professional (category of health facility, activity sector and care unit) and psychosocial (level of experience of COVID-19 and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine) factors are statistically associated with vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>vaccination coverage among health professionals in Yaoundé remains low, these results provide relevant information for evaluating and adjusting strategies to improve vaccination coverage among healthcare workers at both regional and national levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to use female permanent contraception among married women and male partners´ support in Benue, Nigeria.","authors":"Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Ijeoma Uchenna Itanyi, Amaka Grace Ogidi, Imoter Uparegh, John Okpanachi Oko, Chima Ariel Onoka, Echezona Edozie Ezeanolue","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.96.35622","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.96.35622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>there is a paucity of community-based studies on the acceptability of female permanent contraception (FPC), particularly among men. We examined the willingness of married women to use FPC and their male partners to support its use in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a cross-sectional study among pregnant women and their male partners who participated in the Healthy Beginning Initiative (HBI) program in Benue, Nigeria. The HBI was an integrated, feasible, and culturally adaptive platform for screening, linkage, and follow-up of pregnant women attending churches. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive intentions were collected from 10,168 pregnant women and 6,766 male partners independently through pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine factors associated with the willingness to use FPC among women and male partners to support the use of FPC. Our analysis was restricted to married participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of the 10,046 married women and 6,759 men included in this study, 80% and 87% indicated willingness to use and support the use of FPC, respectively. In the adjusted model, women with no formal, primary, and secondary education (vs tertiary education) and those with an income level of ≤ ₦20,000 (vs > ₦50,001) had significantly higher odds of willingness to use FPC, while women with no living children (vs ≥ 5) and 0-2 desired children (vs ≥ 5) had significantly lower odds of intending to use FPC. Except for no formal education and the number of living children, similar factors were associated with the willingness of married men to support the use of FPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>there was a high willingness to use or support the use of FPC among married women and men in this study. Increasing access to FPC services in this setting may improve its informed and voluntary uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare clinical image of a 16-year-old adolescent with juvenile spondyloarthritis.","authors":"Neha Ashok Brahmane, Sharath Hullumani","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.95.46877","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.95.46877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earring ingestion in a twelve-month-old infant.","authors":"Leila Debono, Lamia Karboubi","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.94.47381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2025.50.94.47381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression level of matrix metalloproteinases -1, -2 and -9 associated with pelvic organ prolapse: experimental analytical study of round ligaments of Congolese women in two hospitals from the city of Kananga in Democratic Republic of Congo.","authors":"Antoine Tshimbundu Kayembe, Patrick Kahindo Muyayalo, Andy Mbangama Muela, Rahma Raschid Tozin","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.93.45722","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.93.45722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>pelvic organ prolapse is a pathology of ligamentous connective tissues and matrix metalloproteinases are the main actors responsible for tissue remodeling by degrading connective tissue. The objective of this present study is to determine the expression rate of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -9 in prolapsed round ligaments and identify the types of matrix metalloproteinases most determining in the appearance of pelvic organs prolapse in in two pilot hospitals of Saint-Georges and of Bon-Berger of the city of Kananga in the Democratic Republic of Congo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted an analytical experimental study based on immunohistochemical examination of round ligaments of 100 consenting patients divided in two groups with and without pelvic organ prolapse treated in the gynecology departments of Bon-Berger hospitals in Tshikaji and Saint-Georges in Katoka in city of Kananga, from January 1^st to July 31^st, 2023. Non-probability convenience sampling helped us select cases. The ANOVA test, the Chi-square test, and the logistic regression with adjustment are used in the statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the average age of our patients with pelvic organ prolapse was 57.18 (SD: 8.17) years, and their average parity was 7.76 (SD: 1.04) delivery. This average parity was significantly increased compared to those of patients without prolapse. The expression rate of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -9 is significantly high in prolapsed round ligaments with a respective mean immunoreactive of 44.10± 22.04% (P=0.001), 39.46± 24.10% (P=0.001), and 39.34± 20.89% (P=0.001). Positive immunoreactivities to matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -9 are significantly noted in patients with prolapse. There was a significant association between positive immunoreactivities to matrix metalloproteinase-1 (AOR 5.40, 95% CI: 0.981-29.794, P: 0.044) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (AOR: 6.205, 95% CI: 1.467-26.239, P: 0.013) with the appearance of pelvic organs prolapses in the city of Kananga.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases is increased in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and is associated with this condition, matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 are associated with the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse. These results will serve as a basis for experimental research studies of inhibitory evidence of estrogens and progesterone on these matrix metalloproteinases in our city with a view to adding these hormones as a means of preventing pelvic organs prolapse in women at risk in our city of Kananga.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis treatment adherence and associated factors in the Butha-Buthe district, Lesotho: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Motlatsi Rangoanana, Veranyuy Ngah, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Sele Maphalale, Mabatho Molete, Retselisitsoe Ratikoane, Llang Maama, Isaac Fwemba, Olawande Daramola, Modupe Ogunrombi, Peter Suwirakwenda Nyasulu","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.91.46218","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.91.46218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lesotho remains one of the world's 30 high-tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. In Butha-Buthe district, unfavourable TB treatment outcomes were higher than those set forth by the WHO. This study's objective was to evaluate TB treatment adherence and treatment resistance among patients enrolled in the 12 health facilities in Butha-Buthe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>data were collected from the medical records of patients with sputum smear-positive TB and extra-pulmonary forms of TB between January 2015 and December 2020. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with treatment adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>among 1,792 patients who were enrolled, 1,320 were included in the study. The overall mean TB treatment adherence rate was estimated at 37.20%. Factors found to be associated with treatment adherence in multivariate analysis were age ≥60 years (aOR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.54- 0.66; P<0.001), being a mine worker (aOR 1.09, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14; P<0.001), having pulmonary TB (aOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.17-1.29, P<0.001), being in the continuation phase of the treatment (aOR 1.38, 95%CI: 1.33, 1.45; P<0.001) and category 2 (aOR 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.99; P = 0.016). Regarding TB contact support, family members (aOR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14; P<0.001), friends (aOR 1.30, 95%CI: 1.19-1.41; P<0.001), spouses (aOR: 1.24, 95%CI 1.16-1.34; P<0.001), and unreported contacts (aOR 1.18, 95%CI: 1.09-1.27; P = 0.015) all showed increased TB adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the overall adherence to TB therapy was poor in Butha-Buthe district. Lesotho urgently needs district-level strategies to improve TB treatment adherence and reduce treatment resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing Kearns-Sayre syndrome requires documentation of the underlying genetic defect.","authors":"Josef Finsterer, Sinda Zarrouk","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.92.37174","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.92.37174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug hypersensitivity to vancomycin confirmed by basophil activation test: case report.","authors":"Zakaria Zidane, Chaimaa Chahine, Sanaa Souat, Khadija El Azhary, Karima Mohtadi, Rachid Saïle, Claude Lambert, Abdallah Badou, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Hanane Salih Alj","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.88.46204","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.88.46204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug hypersensitivity reactions to essential antibiotics like vancomycin pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pediatric patients with immune deficiencies. We present the case of a 7-year-old girl with primary immunodeficiency who experienced immediate hypersensitivity reactions to vancomycin, including urticaria and angioedema, managed with corticoids and antihistamines. The Basophil Activation Test (BAT) conducted two years after the last allergic episode revealed significant basophil activation across all tested vancomycin dilutions, with CD63 and CD203c expression exceeding negative and positive controls. These findings confirm vancomycin hypersensitivity and underscore the BAT's utility as a reliable in vitro diagnostic tool, especially in settings where skin testing or specific IgE assays are unavailable. This case highlights the BAT's potential for broader adoption in clinical allergy practice, particularly in resource-limited environments. It emphasizes the importance of reliable diagnostic methods for managing drug hypersensitivity in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Delegation of immunization tasks to community actors: an innovative strategy to achieve the immunization target during a measles-rubella vaccination campaign in a high-security risk area, Ouargaye, Burkina Faso, 2024].","authors":"Morou Nikiema, Mahamoudou Nyantudre, Ange Anouck Désiré Kabore, Patrice Komboigo, Amidou Gnakini, Dénis Yelbeogo, Ousmane N Kalmogo, Roland Wendinpassédé Nouktara, Saidou-Mady Bagaya, Issa Guire","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.89.45931","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.89.45931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>conflicts negatively impact vaccination indicators. To improve vaccination coverage, the Ouargaye health district an area facing security challenges trained community actors from certain closed health facilities on vaccination. This study aims to highlight the contribution of these community actors to achieving vaccination coverage during the measles-rubella vaccination campaign held from March 15 to 21, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2024. The sample included all community actors trained in vaccination and the entire target population of the measles-rubella vaccination campaign across the nine health facilities concerned by the strategy. Data were collected using a documentary analysis framework. The contribution of community actors to vaccination coverage was assessed using a Chi-square test, with a significance threshold set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>over the seven days of the campaign, 5,403 children were vaccinated by community actors, representing 28.65% (5,403/18,853) of the target population. Community actors contributed significantly to achieving vaccination coverage in the nine targeted health facilities. This contribution was statistically significant (p-value < 2.2e-16). Among the 5,403 children vaccinated by community actors, only four cases of adverse post-vaccination events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delegating vaccination tasks to community actors in high-security risk areas enhances vaccination coverage during immunization campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of adherence to exclusive breastfeeding while on anti-retroviral therapy among mothers living with HIV in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.","authors":"Egbe Bassey Etowa, Felix Emeka Anyiam, Glory Osandatuwa, Batholomew Chibuike James, Josephine Etowa","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.90.38845","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2025.50.90.38845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>in low- and middle-income nations like Nigeria, vertical transmission of HIV is still common. Although there are recommended guidelines for infant feeding for women living with HIV, the level of adherence has significantly varied across African women. This study assessed the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) guidelines and its associated factors among nursing mothers living with HIV/AIDS in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between March and August 2022 among nursing mothers living with HIV/AIDS. Structured and validated questionnaires were used to collect data from 400 participants and were analyzed for this purpose. Chi-square statistics; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out at alpha 0.05 to determine the correlates of adherence to the national guideline of exclusive breastfeeding while on anti-retroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the majority of the respondents were within the age range 30-39 years, 66.0% with a mean age of 34.6±5.6. Most respondents know (90.7%) of the mothers knew about the EBF policy and 65% adhered to the policy guidelines. Being employed/self-employed (OR=2.22, p=0.001); knowledge of the guidelines (OR=6.3, p=0.001); and support from household (OR=2.39, p=0.003), father/spouse (OR=65.6, p=0.001), close relatives (OR=3.5, p=0.001), healthcare (OR=38.2, p=0.01) were all associated with adherence to EBF. After adjusting for confounders, using the multivariate logistic regression, only support from father/spouse (OR=23.24, p=0.001) and healthcare (OR=47.6, p=0.01) were strong predictors of adherence to EBF guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>inclusive education involving mothers, social support networks, and healthcare providers will increase adherence to national guidelines EBF among mothers living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"50 ","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}