Pan African Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection of cytomegalovirus in hospitalized children: a cross-sectional study in Makassar, Indonesia.","authors":"Hariati Hamzah, Fadhilah Syamsuri, Nadyah Haruna, Mochammad Hatta, Lisa Tenriesa Muslich, Yoeke Dewi Rasita, Baedah Madjid","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.138.51023","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.138.51023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant pathogen in pediatric populations, yet serological diagnosis lacks specificity. This study aimed to identify active CMV infection through molecular methods in hospitalized children previously diagnosed serologically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, a tertiary referral and teaching hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. Blood samples from 50 pediatric inpatients with serological evidence suggesting CMV exposure were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the HindIII-X fragment (406 bp). PCR-positive samples were sequenced for local phylogenetic description. Descriptive statistics assessed molecular findings stratified by demographics, serology, and clinical manifestations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of 50 blood samples examined, 9 (18%) were positive for CMV DNA by PCR. Positivity rates were higher in male children (21.4%) compared to females (13.6%), with the highest prevalence in infants <1 year (24.1%). Among serology-reactive cases, the highest detection rate was observed in patients with concurrent IgM and IgG reactivity (50%), compared to IgG alone (10.3%). Phylogenetic analysis of HindIII-X sequences revealed two descriptive, well-supported clades (bootstrap 98-99%) within human betaherpesvirus 5 in this hospital cohort. Notably, 82% of serologically positive samples were negative for CMV DNA in blood, suggesting limited systemic viremia despite positive antibody status; CMV replication may still occur in end-organ compartments without being detected in peripheral blood, particularly when using conventional PCR with lower analytic sensitivity than quantitative assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>molecular confirmation via PCR is essential to distinguish active CMV infection from serological evidence of past or latent infection. The substantial discordance between serology and blood PCR findings supports integration of molecular testing as a confirmatory standard in pediatric CMV evaluation, particularly in IgM-positive cases-to prevent unnecessary antiviral therapy and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship in resource-limited, high-seroprevalence settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quality of antibiotic prescriptions and determinants of their compliance in the Gynecology Departments of the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center in Bobo-Dioulasso].","authors":"Arsène Quddus Zouré, Wendin-Manegdé Félicité Nana, Relwendé Louis Arnaud Ouédraogo","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.135.50786","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.135.50786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance and represents a significant public health concern. To address this issue, Burkina Faso developed a practical guide for appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Four years after its dissemination, no formal evaluation of its implementation had been reported, which justified the present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we performed a cross-sectional study in the Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine at the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center in Burkina Faso from July 1 to December 31, 2022. All female patients who received antibiotic therapy were included. Adherence of antibiotic prescriptions to the national guideline was assessed using a checklist developed on the basis of the national guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 340 patients were included, with a median age of 26 years. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were beta-lactams (mainly ceftriaxone, 24.4%), followed by nitroimidazoles (21.4%). Overall compliance rate with the recommendations was 12.4%. The main non-compliances concerned treatment duration (87.7%), dosage (67.7%), choice of molecule (60.3%), and indication (45.7%). Hospitalization emerged as the main risk factor for non-compliance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>appropriate antibiotic use remains a major challenge, particularly in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. The high rate of non-compliance highlights the urgent need to strengthen guideline dissemination, ensure continuous training of prescribers, and implement regular clinical audits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nutritional status of children treated for severe malaria in hospital settings in Haut-Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)].","authors":"Gray Kanteng, Cédric Mwepu, Augustin Mutombo, Numbi Luboya","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.136.48719","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.136.48719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the nutritional status of children under five years of age admitted and treated for malaria in hospital settings in the cities of Lubumbashi and Likasi. The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional profile of these children based on anthropometric measurements. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Haut-Katanga province in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Children under 60 months of age with a positive diagnosis of malaria, biologically confirmed by a positive RDT and/or a positive thick blood smear, were included. The incidence of malaria was 34.3%. The overall prevalence of acute malnutrition (moderate to severe) was 32.9%, predominantly represented by severe acute malnutrition (27.5%). Acute malnutrition was more frequent in its moderate form (67.1%) and was observed across nearly all age groups. Overweight was identified in 13.9% of children, including 8.5% with severe overweight. A consistently significant association was observed. This study focused on the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age admitted and monitored for malaria in hospital settings in the cities of Lubumbashi and Likasi. The objective was to outline the nutritional profile of these children based on anthropometric measurements. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Haut-Katanga province, in the southeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Included were children under 60 months of age with a positive diagnosis of malaria, biologically confirmed by a positive rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and/or a positive thick blood smear. The incidence of malaria was 34.3%. The overall prevalence of acute malnutrition (moderate to severe) was 32.9%, mainly represented by severe malnutrition at 27.5%. Acute malnutrition was more prevalent in its moderate form (67.1%), but was present in almost all age categories. Overweight was observed in 13.9% of children, with severe overweight in 8.5% of children. A consistently significant association was observed between moderate to severe underweight (Z-score <-2 SD), moderate to severe stunting (Z-score <-2 SD), moderate to severe acute malnutrition (Z-score <-2 SD), and uncomplicated malaria rather than severe malaria. There is a relatively high frequency of cases of underweight, wasting, and stunting, often higher than that documented in the general population. Impact studies are needed to establish a potential causal link.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder engagement in health: whose business is it anyway?","authors":"Sebastian James Gelderbloem, James Kruger, Brian van Wyk","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.134.49911","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.134.49911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is the cornerstone of equitable health systems and service delivery. Achieving UHC requires both \"whole of government\" and \"whole of society\" approaches that are vital for building resilient health systems that promote physical and mental wellness for all communities. In this paper, we review several theories of stakeholder engagement (SE) and argue that meaningful SE - as opposed to stakeholder management - is essential for fostering early participation and democratic decision-making in the transformation of health systems towards UHC. We recommend several key steps to promote early and inclusive SE that actively solicit input from diverse community members, establish open platforms for dialogue, and leverage the expertise and resources of various sectors. By creating a collaborative environment that includes each individual, whether an educator, policymaker, family member, or business leader, amongst others, we can advance the goals of UHC and build health systems that benefit everyone.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethiopia towards polio eradication: insights from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance data analysis 2016 to 2023.","authors":"Geremew Tsegaye Mulugeta, Mikias Alayu Alemu, Adamu Zerihun Gelaw, Gizaw Teka Nibzane, Habtamu Tilahun Guiadie, Mesfin Tefera Manyazewal, Mesfin Wossen Getaneh, Melkamu Abte Afele","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.132.49028","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.132.49028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ethiopia remains at high risk of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV2) and wild poliovirus (WPV) outbreaks due to high cross-border population movement and low population immunity. This study aims to analyze Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) data from 2016 to 2023 to identify challenges in surveillance and capitalize on the lessons learned.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of AFP surveillance data from January 2016 to December 2023. AFP is defined as the sudden onset of paralysis among children under 15 years of age, and the data were extracted from AFP case-based reports. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and QGIS 3.1.1 software was used to show the cVDPV2 hot spot areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the average annual AFP rate was 2.74 per 100,000 children under 15. Most cases (61.9%) were aged 0-5 years. Stool adequacy was 91%, and 72% were notified within seven days of onset. Investigation within two days occurred in 75% of cases. Vaccination coverage among cases was 72%. Sixty-four cases (0.6%) were cVDPV2 positive; 94.5% were discarded. Notification completeness was lowest in Tigray (55%), Afar (72%), and Oromia (76%). Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Afar, Gambella, and Dire Dawa had suboptimal stool adequacy for more than 3 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>despite national progress in AFP surveillance, gaps persist in notification, investigation, and vaccination, especially in border and conflict-affected areas. We recommend digitalizing case management at district and facility levels, enhancing cross-border surveillance, strengthening community-based approaches, and improving routine immunization to meet WHO targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of economic sanctions on the quality of hospital management of severe acute malnutrition in Niger: a multicenter retrospective study].","authors":"Maimouna Halidou Doudou, Sakina Habou, Aichatou Achirou","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.131.49730","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.131.49730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>in 2023, Niger was subjected to international economic sanctions following political instability, resulting in major disruptions to supply chains and continuity of health services. This study aimed to assess the effect of these sanctions on the quality of hospital management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in therapeutic centres across the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this multicenter retrospective study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023 in seven intensive nutritional rehabilitation centres (CRENI) located in six regions of Niger (Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillabéry, and Zinder). Data was extracted from hospital registers using a standardised tool. Quality-of-care indicators (admission rate, recovery rate, mortality rate, average length of stay, and default rate) were compared before and after the imposition of sanctions. Qualitative interviews with health staff were also conducted to explore operational challenges and supply chain disruptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>a total of 6,354 SAM cases were admitted during the study period. Compared with 2022, the year 2023 recorded a 22% increase in admissions, a decrease in the recovery rate (from 83.4% to 74.6%), and an increase in mortality (from 9.1% to 14.3%). Marked regional disparities were observed: urban CRENIs (Niamey, Maradi) were more resilient to disruptions than those in peripheral areas (Tahoua, Tillabery, Zinder), which were more severely affected by stockouts and staff shortages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>economic sanctions significantly disrupted the nutritional care system, undermining the quality of services and exacerbating regional inequalities. Strengthening logistical resilience and safeguarding essential health services are critical to preserving child survival in crisis contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal response time: an experience at Pan African Medical Journal.","authors":"Gina Joubert","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.133.49254","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.133.49254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comment outlines the author´s experience with a submission to the Pan African Medical Journal. Twenty-two months after submission, the manuscript remains in review, and no first decision from the journal has been received. The author urges the editorial office to put measures in place to ensure that other authors do not have a similar experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of dyslipidemias in the biochemistry laboratory of Joseph Ravoahangy-Andrianavalona Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar].","authors":"Faralahy Harisolofo Rakotonjafiniarivo, Mahefa Soja Rakotomalala, Tokinomenjanahary Antsonantenaina, Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.130.49016","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.130.49016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-household gender difference in dietary diversity and its determinants in a food-insecure community in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","authors":"Nelly Kabena-Ngandu, Rosa Munsambe-Yambu, Josué Lukusa, Landry Egbende, Alexandre Bukasa-Kanyama, Bernard-Kennedy Nkongolo, Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya, Marie-Claire Muel Telo Muyer, Freddy Bangelesa","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.129.49323","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.129.49323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>food insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo affects over 25 million people, with Kasaï Oriental Province among the most impacted-approximately 74.9% of households face acute food shortages. While food access has been widely studied, evidence on intra-household, gender-based differences in dietary diversity is limited, particularly in highly food-insecure urban settings. This study aimed to investigate the differences in dietary diversity between men and women in Mbuji-Mayi and to identify the household- and individual-level factors associated with these differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 households selected by multistage random sampling, from Bonzola Health Zone, Mbuji-Mayi City. Data were collected through interviews using an electronic questionnaire. Dietary diversity was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall scores for men and women. Differences in dietary diversity scores were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. Poisson regression models were used to identify predictors of dietary diversity for men and women, while a generalized linear model was used to assess the determinants of dietary diversity differences within households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>women had significantly higher dietary diversity scores than men (p=0.030). Key factors associated with the difference in dietary diversity scores between women and men (DDS-WM) included wealth index (β=-0.159; p=0.001), household size (β=-0.139; p=0.004), number of meals per day (β=-0.127; p=0.008), education level of the household head (β=-0.146; p=0.003), and the reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI) (β=0.100; p=0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>these findings revealed disparities in dietary diversity between men and women in Bonzola, and some associated factors were also identified. They highlight the need for gender-sensitive approaches in nutrition policies and programs to ensure equitable dietary outcomes in food-insecure settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to medication and gender are associated with uncontrolled hypertension: findings of a cross-sectional study in East-Central Uganda.","authors":"Nicholas Higenyi, Victoria Nankabirwa, Philip Ajuk","doi":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.127.45349","DOIUrl":"10.11604/pamj.2026.53.127.45349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>while uncontrolled hypertension (UCH) affects mostly developing countries, there is limited information on its burden and associated factors in Uganda. This study, therefore, sought to determine its prevalence and associated factors in East-Central Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we used systematic sampling to enroll 318 clients living with hypertension, aged 18 to 69 years, attending Kamuli General Hospital, for this cross-sectional study. A pretested structured questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS tool was used to collect the study data as participants exited the clinic. The participants´ blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements were taken as per the WHO STEPS manual. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg and/or an average diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg. Robust Poisson regression was used for multivariable analysis of the relationship between UCH and the other study variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>of the 318 participants enrolled, 289 had complete information and were included in the analysis. The majority (79.6%) were females aged at least 51 years of age (58.2%). The median and mean age were 53 years (Q1 = 45.0, Q3 = 60.0), with a standard deviation of 9.6 years. The mean SBP and DBP were 162.4 ± 22.8 mmHg and 97.5 ± 15.7mmHg respectively. The prevalence of UCH was 85.8% (95% CI 81.3% - 89.4%). Adherence to antihypertensive treatment and gender were strongly associated with UCH. The prevalence of UCH did not vary significantly by level of education, level of physical activity, or history of use of herbal medication among the clients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the prevalence of UCH was very high, requiring urgent interventions prioritizing male hypertensive patients and approaches aimed at improving adherence to antihypertensive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48190,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Medical Journal","volume":"53 ","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}