{"title":"Ethnic-racial identity, racial discrimination, and mental health among monoracial and biracial Asian Americans.","authors":"Armaan G Singh, Danny Rahal","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000745","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research regarding the racialized experiences of biracial Asian individuals is greatly limited. The present study investigated whether associations between ethnic-racial identity (ERI), racial discrimination, and mental health differed between monoracial and biracial Asian college students. We also tested whether associations between biracial identity integration and mental health differed by ERI or racial discrimination among biracial Asian individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Monoracial Asian college students (<i>N</i> = 320; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.00, <i>SD</i> = 1.63; 76.3% female; 55.3% East Asian, 14.3% South Asian, 15.9% Southeast Asian, 14.6% different Asian ethnicities) and biracial Asian college students (<i>N</i> = 137; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.21, <i>SD</i> = 3.16; 66.4% female; 46.7% East Asian, 9.4% South Asian, 29.2% Southeast Asian, 14.5% different Asian ethnicities) completed a psychosocial survey regarding ERI search and affirmation, racial discrimination, and mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms and well-being). Biracial participants also reported their identity integration with respect to racial distance and racial conflict.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biracial Asian individuals had lower ERI search and affirmation than monoracial Asian individuals, and higher ERI search and affirmation were related to lower depressive symptoms in biracial, but not monoracial, Asian individuals. Racial discrimination was related to greater depressive symptoms and poorer well-being to a similar extent for monoracial and biracial participants. Among biracial Asian individuals, higher ERI search and affirmation also buffered the consequences of racial conflict on well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ERI tends to be lower in biracial Asian individuals but is potentially related to positive outcomes. Interventions may improve biracial Asian individuals' well-being by promoting ERI processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"425-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivian W Y Leung, Lin Fang, Anna S Lau, Barbara Fallon
{"title":"The experiences of racism and cultural socialization by Chinese parents in Canada and the United States: The interplay of acute, everyday, and internalized racism.","authors":"Vivian W Y Leung, Lin Fang, Anna S Lau, Barbara Fallon","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000755","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to gain more understanding of the relationship between racism and cultural socialization among Chinese parents in Canada and the United States. The study examined the interplay of three types of racial discrimination experiences (acute, everyday, and internalized) and the potential differences in their associations with parental cultural socialization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Chinese parents who lived in Canada and the United States (<i>n</i> = 478) completed a voluntary cross-sectional online survey that contained the Acute and Everyday Racism Scale, the Colonial Mentality Scale (internalized racism), and the modified version of the Cultural Socialization Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structural model showed that acute racism was negatively related to internalized racism, while the relationship was positive between everyday racism and internalized racism. Moreover, parents who reported higher levels of internalized racism were less likely to convey cultural messages to their children. In addition, findings indicated that Chinese parents' cultural socialization practices were related to their age, their children's age, annual household income, and place of origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes to the literature by revealing the experience of Chinese parents living in Canada and the United States. The findings demonstrate the importance of addressing parents' appraisal and internalization of negative racialized experiences when working with Chinese families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"514-524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Pero like, you don't speak Spanish?\" exploring the role of language fluency on Latine intragroup identity denial, likability, and befriending.","authors":"Simon Howard, Jeremy Pagan","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000752","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anecdotal narratives and recent qualitative studies demonstrate that in Latine communities, language proficiency can be a form of gatekeeping (i.e., determining the legitimacy of people's claims to a particular status by unilaterally imposing criteria for acceptance) Latinidad. Latine individuals who are not fluent in Spanish frequently report having their Hispanic/Latine identity questioned and denied. Across two experiments, we investigated whether Latine individuals perceive non-Spanish-speaking Latine individuals as identifying less with their Latine identity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Across two studies, Latine adults (<i>N</i> = 302, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 35.21, <i>SD</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.83) were randomly assigned to view one of two Latine individuals' social networking profiles (i.e., fluent in English or fluent in both English and Spanish). Afterward, they reported their perceptions of the targets' perceived ethnic identity, likability, and likelihood that they would befriend the target.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latines, regardless of how strongly they identified as Latine, or if they themselves were bilingual (Study 2), perceived a Latine person only fluent in English as being less likely to identify as Latine and were less likely to want to befriend them (Study 1) compared to a Latine target fluent in both English and Spanish.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Latine perceivers use language fluency to challenge the identity of their non-Spanish-speaking Latine counterparts and, in some cases, to make judgments about potential friendship. These findings extend previous research on identity denial and intragroup dynamics by advancing our understanding of the relationship between language fluency, identity denial, and other forms of intragroup rejection within the Latine community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"502-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implicit bias and color-blind racial attitudes on views of Stop AAPI Hate.","authors":"Guicheng Tan, Miao Qian","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000751","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In early 2020, https://stopaapihate.org/ was created to generate antiracism advocacy momentum for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) communities. Social media hashtags such as #StopAAPIHate also became popular in fighting against violence and bias faced by AAPI communities. As a social movement, although <i>Stop AAPI Hate</i> played an important role in advocating for racial justice, research on this movement has been limited. To address this gap, this study examined the relationship between bias and views on Stop AAPI Hate.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using data from 573 Project Implicit adult respondents (56.90% White, 65.10% female, 82.60% U.S. residents, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 35.18, <i>SD</i><sub>age</sub> = 15.14), participants' implicit bias, color-blind racial attitudes, and views on the Stop AAPI Hate movement were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated that anti-Asian implicit bias and color-blind racial attitude were significant negative predictors of familiarity and support for the movement, especially among participants who identified as female and other gender identities. Exploratory analyses also revealed that participants who were younger and identified as female and other gender identities showed more familiarity and support for Stop AAPI Hate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided preliminary evidence suggesting the link between biases and antiracism social movements while bringing more awareness to the prevalence and need to address anti-Asian sentiment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"437-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daryl A Wout, Andre Oliver, Richard E Smith, Sabrica Barnett
{"title":"Safety at the boundaries of race: Black people derive identity safety from Black-White biracial people.","authors":"Daryl A Wout, Andre Oliver, Richard E Smith, Sabrica Barnett","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000757","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research investigated whether Black people experience social identity threat when anticipating an interaction with a Black-White biracial person.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In both studies, we led Black participants to believe that they would have a discussion with either a Black, Black-White biracial, or White interaction partner. Participants then reported the degree to which they considered their partner a racial ingroup member, their perceptions of their partner's prejudice, their perceived similarity to their partner, and measures of social identity threat that focused on how they expected to be perceived and treated during the interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants considered the Black and Black-White biracial partners as racial ingroup members and the White partner as a racial outgroup member. Participants perceived the Black and Black-White biracial partner as being less prejudiced than the White partner. In addition, participants expected to be perceived and treated more positively by both the Black and Black-White biracial partner than by the White partner. Notably, no significant differences existed between the Black and the Black-White biracial partner on any of these dependent variables. Mediational analyses revealed that participants' perceptions of their partner's prejudice and their perceived similarity to their partner independently mediate the effect of the race of the interaction partner on how they expected to be perceived and treated by their partner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that Black people consider Black-White biracial people to be racial ingroup members and therefore do not anticipate experiencing social identity threat when interacting with a Black-White biracial person. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"525-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Sun, Anisa N Goforth, Sisilia Kusumaningsih, Emily Brooke, Amy Violante, Ronda Howlett, Debbie Hogenson, Kelsey Brown, Niki Graham, Jaida Lilly, Greta M Linse, Sally K Slipher
{"title":"Pathways to wellness: A holistic approach to support indigenous and non-indigenous children's social and emotional well-being.","authors":"Jingjing Sun, Anisa N Goforth, Sisilia Kusumaningsih, Emily Brooke, Amy Violante, Ronda Howlett, Debbie Hogenson, Kelsey Brown, Niki Graham, Jaida Lilly, Greta M Linse, Sally K Slipher","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to understand how Pathways to Wellness, a social-emotional learning program codeveloped with an Indigenous community, impacted children's social-emotional well-being. A holistic approach to child well-being is critical for Indigenous children but often lacking in schools.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>With two-eyed seeing and a cross-sequential and convergent mixed methods design, this study examined children's experiences and outcomes participating in Pathways to Wellness during academic years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 when the program was implemented in Grades 3-6 in a public school in a tribal nation. In Year 1, a total of 67 children participated (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.3; 46% girls; 73% Indigenous); in Year 2, a total of 63 children participated (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.17; 42% girls; 81% Indigenous), for a total sample of 96 children across the 2 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative findings showed that children reported more negative classroom climate, lower sense of belonging, more emotional problems, and lower resilience and well-being in the posttest than pretest, particularly in Year 2. Older girls reported the lowest scores on average in social-emotional outcomes. The qualitative results showed three themes: cultural representation in the social-emotional learning program and children's awakened cultural identity, children's enhanced knowledge of well-being and coping, and developmental differences in reactions to the program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showcased a holistic approach that draws on the strengths of the community to support the well-being of Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. The incongruence between some of the quantitative and qualitative findings illustrated the importance to consider the impact of the broader ecological context in implementing and evaluating such programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiyi Wang, Chuansheng Chen, Ilona S Yim, Jianmin Shao, Baojuan Ye, Diana Donya, Sanam Nawaz, Asia Mushtaq
{"title":"Perceived appearance pressures from close social relationships and disinhibited eating: A cross-national study among young adult college students in the United States, China, and Pakistan.","authors":"Peiyi Wang, Chuansheng Chen, Ilona S Yim, Jianmin Shao, Baojuan Ye, Diana Donya, Sanam Nawaz, Asia Mushtaq","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000814","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Perceived sociocultural appearance pressures have been widely studied as predictors of body image and eating concerns. However, few studies have distinguished between pressures from mothers and fathers or examined their relative influence on these outcomes among young adults. Additionally, efforts to diversify body image research remain limited, often constrained by a focus on the West and East, neglecting regions such as South Asia. This study investigated how perceived appearance pressures from peers, mothers, and fathers relate to disinhibited eating via body image perceptions among young adults in the United States, China, and Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants aged 18 to 29 years from the United States (<i>n</i> = 505), China (<i>n</i> = 342), and Pakistan (<i>n</i> = 304; recruited from May 2022 to May 2023) self-reported study variables of this cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the United States, perceived appearance pressures from all three sources (peers, mothers, and fathers) were linked to disinhibited eating through lower body esteem. In China, peer appearance pressure showed a stronger association with disinhibited eating via body esteem, while in Pakistan, maternal appearance pressure was the most significant influence among the sources studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By distinguishing maternal and paternal pressures and comparing their roles with peer pressure across cultural contexts, this study contributes to theoretical models of body image and eating concerns. The findings highlight the importance of tailoring prevention and treatment strategies to specific cultural contexts and suggest the need for developing indigenous approaches to support global public health initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyle L Benbow, Tierra James, Gwendolyn Paige Watson, Jonathan W Kunstman
{"title":"The double-edged nature of strength: Multidimensional insights into the Strong Black Woman schema and burnout.","authors":"Kyle L Benbow, Tierra James, Gwendolyn Paige Watson, Jonathan W Kunstman","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000812","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although critical to the labor force, organizational research rarely considers the perspectives of Black women generally and individual differences in cultural identity specifically. Simultaneously, although cultural psychologists have linked individual differences in race and gender socialization, termed the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, to mental health outcomes, it has not been tested in work contexts. Finally, research using the Strong Black Woman Cultural Construct Scale has largely analyzed this multidimensional construct unidimensionally, potentially obscuring subdimensions' unique effects on health and work outcomes (i.e., affect regulation, caretaking, and self-reliance). The current work addresses these empirical gaps.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two studies using cross-sectional and multiwave designs tested relations between the SBW schema and burnout (<i>n</i><sub>total</sub> = 343; age range = 18-69). Black women workers completed measures of the SBW schema and burnout. In Study 2, measurements were separated by 1 week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, we refined the Strong Black Woman Cultural Construct Scale (SBWCCS-9) to improve subscale validity and validated the factor structure in Study 2. The multidimensional approach had the best predictive validity, accounting for approximately three times as much variance in burnout and revealing discrete costs and benefits of the SBW schema. Whereas affect regulation and caretaking were positively associated with burnout, self-reliance negatively predicted burnout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Black women's cultural identity plays a key role in organizational life and is best conceptualized as multidimensional. Affect regulation and caretaking contributed to burnout, whereas self-reliance offered protective benefits. The SBW schema acts as a double-edged sword in Black women's work lives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaliyah Anderson, Anne-Chanel Renald, Noelle M Hurd
{"title":"Exploring the role of natural mentor support in ethnic-racial identity development.","authors":"Aaliyah Anderson, Anne-Chanel Renald, Noelle M Hurd","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000813","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development is a process that occurs throughout childhood and adolescence in the U.S. context, the college setting may lead students to initiate or continue identity exploration and formation through emerging adulthood. This may be particularly true for students of color attending a predominantly White institution, who may face unique challenges related to their underrepresentation on campus. Natural mentors (i.e., supportive nonparental adults from students' preexisting social networks) may help facilitate students' identity exploration and development of ethnic-racial pride. The present study investigated the role of cumulative support from natural mentors in students' subsequent ERI exploration and ethnic-racial pride.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 257; 69% female) in our sample were first-year college students who identified as a member of an underrepresented ethnic-racial group. Data were collected annually via surveys across their first 3 years of college. We conducted path analyses to test whether cumulative support from up to five natural mentors during students' first year of college may have been associated with ERI exploration in students' second year and ethnic-racial pride in their third year. We also considered whether the proportion of ethnic globally-racially matched mentors students possessed may have moderated these associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that cumulative natural mentor support was positively associated with ethnic-racial pride (i.e., private regard) via students' ERI exploration, but we also found an unexpected negative direct association between support and pride.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the specific ways in which natural mentors provide support to students of color may determine whether the support nurtures or undermines the formation of positive ERI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorainne J Green, Grace Flores-Robles, Daryl A Wout
{"title":"Gender shapes interracial interactions: Understanding Black and Latine men and women's experiences in anticipated cross-gender interracial interactions.","authors":"Dorainne J Green, Grace Flores-Robles, Daryl A Wout","doi":"10.1037/cdp0000809","DOIUrl":"10.1037/cdp0000809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present research examined how gender influences Black and Latine individuals' anticipated experiences in interracial interactions and same-race interactions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three experimental studies (<i>N</i> = 1,202) were conducted. In Studies 1A and 1B, Black (S1A: <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 30.34, 59% women) and Latine (S1B: <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 27.90, 51% women) adults imagined an interaction with either a White man or a White woman. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 372), Black and Latino men (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 34.35) anticipated an interaction with a White man, a White woman, a Black or Latino man, or a Black or Latina woman. After, we assessed participants' social identity threat concerns due to gender, race/ethnicity, and the combination of both identities, along with their perceptions of their interaction partner, their anticipated trust and belonging in the interaction, their interest in befriending their partner (S2), and their rejection concerns (S2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, both men and women of color reported more gender-based social identity threat when they imagined a cross-gender (vs. gender-matched) interracial interaction. In Study 2, Black and Latino men reported more gender-based social identity threat when they anticipated an interaction with a White man, a White woman, and a Black or Latina woman relative to a Black or Latino man. In both studies, heightened gender-based social identity threat undermined participants' anticipated interaction experiences and willingness to engage in a future interaction with their interaction partner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need to consider gender when examining Black and Latine women's and men's experiences in interracial interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48151,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}