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One Fee, Two Fees; Red Fee, Blue Fee: People Use the Valence of Others’ Speech in Social Relational Judgments 一费两费;红费、蓝费:人们在社会关系判断中使用他人言语的效价
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.259
Sabina J Sloman, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, S. Dedeo
{"title":"One Fee, Two Fees; Red Fee, Blue Fee: People Use the Valence of Others’ Speech in Social Relational Judgments","authors":"Sabina J Sloman, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, S. Dedeo","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.259","url":null,"abstract":"We present an empirical demonstration that people rely on linguistic valence as a direct cue to a speaker’s group membership. Members of the U.S. voting public judge positive words as more likely to be spoken by members of their political in-group, and negative words as more likely to be spoken by members of their political out-group (three studies with 655 participants). We further find that participants perceive pluralized forms of nouns as more extremely valenced than singular forms (one study with 280 participants). This allowed us to control for the semantic content of words while eliciting systematic differences in the source attributions made by partisans. Our work contributes to both theory and methodology used to understand the linguistic cues people use to make social relational judgments.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43788494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tugging at Their Heartstrings: Partner's Knowledge of Affective Meta-Bases Predicts Use of Emotional Advocacies in Close Relationships 牵动他们的心弦:伴侣对情感元基础的了解预测了亲密关系中情感主张的使用
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.150
Kenneth Tan, Y. See
{"title":"Tugging at Their Heartstrings: Partner's Knowledge of Affective Meta-Bases Predicts Use of Emotional Advocacies in Close Relationships","authors":"Kenneth Tan, Y. See","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.150","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional studies of attitude change have focused on attempts between strangers, but what about in close relationships? The present article examines whether accuracy regarding a partner's meta-attitudinal bases can influence persuasion attempts. Because meta-bases reflect informationprocessing goals, we hypothesized that given partners with more affective meta-bases, greater accuracy regarding partners' meta-bases would predict use of emotional advocacies and their perceived persuasiveness. Self and partner ratings of meta-bases were assessed, and emotional advocacies as well as cognitive ones were provided to participants to present to their partners. Results revealed that the correspondence between perceptions of partner's affective meta-bases and use of emotional advocacies was greater among those whose partners rated themselves as having more affective meta-bases compared to those whose partners rated themselves as having less affective meta-bases. Results remained significant when controlling for perceived similarity. Implications of meta-bases for understanding interpersonal influence are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46238176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shared Reality Effects of Tuning Messages to Multiple Audiences 向多个受众调整信息的共享现实效果
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.172
Federica Pinelli, L. Davachi, E. Higgins
{"title":"Shared Reality Effects of Tuning Messages to Multiple Audiences","authors":"Federica Pinelli, L. Davachi, E. Higgins","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.172","url":null,"abstract":"Our study explores how communicating with audiences who hold opposite opinions about a target person can lead to a biased recall of the target's behaviors depending on whom a shared reality is created with. By extending the standard “saying-is-believing” paradigm to the case of two audiences with opposite attitudes toward a target person, we found that communicators evaluatively tune their message to the attitude of each audience. Still, their later recall of the target's behavior is biased toward the audience's attitude only for the audience with whom they created a shared reality. Shared reality creation was manipulated by receiving feedback that, based on the communicator's message, an audience was either able (success) or unable (failure) to successfully identify the target person, with the former creating a shared reality. These results highlight the importance of shared reality creation for subsequent recall when communicating with multiple audiences on a topic.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Can Be Fooled? Modeling Facial Impressions of Gullibility 谁会被愚弄?模拟易受骗的面部印象
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.127
Bastian Jaeger, Erdem O. Meral
{"title":"Who Can Be Fooled? Modeling Facial Impressions of Gullibility","authors":"Bastian Jaeger, Erdem O. Meral","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"The success of acts of deceit and exploitation depends on how trusting and naïve (i.e., gullible) targets are. In three preregistered studies, using both theory-driven and data-driven approaches, we examined how people form impressions of gullibility based on targets' facial appearance. We find significant consensus in gullibility impressions, suggesting that people have a somewhat shared representation of what a gullible person looks like (Study 1, n = 294). Gullibility impressions is based on different cues than trustworthiness or dominance impressions, suggesting that they constitute dissociable facial stereotypes (Study 2, n = 403). Examining a wide range of facial features, we find that gullibility impressions are primarily based on resemblance to an angry facial expression. We also find that young, female, and smiling individuals were seen as more gullible (Study 3, n = 209). These findings suggest that gullibility impressions are based on cues linked to low levels of perceived threat.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Inferring Goals and Traits From Behaviors: The Role of Culture, Self-Construal, and Thinking Style 从行为推断目标和特征：文化、自我构成和思维方式的作用
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.184
Ceren Günsoy, Irmak Olcaysoy Okten
{"title":"Inferring Goals and Traits From Behaviors: The Role of Culture, Self-Construal, and Thinking Style","authors":"Ceren Günsoy, Irmak Olcaysoy Okten","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"People make spontaneous inferences from others' behaviors, such as spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) and spontaneous situation inferences (SSIs). People's behaviors, however, are shaped by their goals as well, which are determined by their internal characteristics (e.g., traits) and by contextual factors (e.g., social roles). In three studies, we examined whether self-construal, culture, and holistic thinking were associated with spontaneous goal inferences (SGIs) and STIs. We found that the more people defined themselves interdependently and viewed the causality of events holistically, the more they made SGIs (Study 1). Moreover, Asian American participants (interdependent) made SGIs but no STIs from people's behaviors, whereas European American participants (independent) made both (Study 2). Finally, participants primed with interdependence made SGIs but no STIs, whereas those primed with independence made both (Study 3). This research is the first to examine SGIs in relation to self-construal, culture, and holistic thinking.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46569464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Moral Evaluations of Humor Apply Beyond Just Those Telling the Joke 幽默的道德评价不仅仅适用于讲笑话的人
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.107
Wei Jee Ong, Kai Chi Yam, Christopher M. Barnes
{"title":"Moral Evaluations of Humor Apply Beyond Just Those Telling the Joke","authors":"Wei Jee Ong, Kai Chi Yam, Christopher M. Barnes","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Humor involves both joke-tellers and listeners, both of whom are subject to observers' evaluations. Past research has suggested a tension between humor and morality such that moral individuals may be less humorous, and humor may promote tolerance of moral violations. Building on this work, we highlight that individuals engaging in humor are themselves subject to inferences of moral character. Joke-tellers are evaluated as less moral people when their jokes are offensive. Individuals who laugh at jokes are similarly evaluated as less moral, but only when the jokes are offensive, not clean. Across two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) using different manipulations, we found support for these effects and the mediating role of perceived norm violations. In Study 3, we further found preliminary evidence depicting nuanced similarities and differences between the effects on moral evaluations and other-person perceptions such as warmth and competence. These findings contribute to understanding of moral judgment in humor.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Link Between Neutral and Ambivalent Attitudes: Their Association and their Co-Occurrence 中性态度与矛盾态度之间的联系:它们的关联与共现
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.1
Danfei Hu, Karen Gasper
{"title":"Examining the Link Between Neutral and Ambivalent Attitudes: Their Association and their Co-Occurrence","authors":"Danfei Hu, Karen Gasper","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the link between neutral and ambivalent attitudes. First, we examined whether they are mutually exclusive, in that when one attitude is present, the other is not, or if they co-occur. Second, we examined whether they are negatively associated, such that as ambivalence increases, neutrality decreases. In three studies, participants indicated their positive, negative, neutral, and ambivalent attitudes toward various stimuli. In contrast to both ideas, (objective and subjective) ambivalence and neutrality co-occurred (no mutual exclusivity), and they, at best, depending on how one looked at the association, were only weakly positively or negatively associated (no strong, negative association). Univalent attitudes co-occurred with and were strongly negatively associated with neutral attitudes. These findings conflict with theories and methodologies that assume mutual exclusivity or an inverse association between neutral and ambivalent attitudes, suggesting that researchers should not assume that presence of neutrality suggests a lack of ambivalence.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48337283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Unwilling to Un-Blame: Whites Who Dismiss Historical Causes of Societal Disparities Also Dismiss Personal Mitigating Information for Black Offenders 不愿推卸责任：否认社会差异历史原因的白人也否认黑人罪犯的个人缓解信息
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.55
M. Gill, A. Pizzuto
{"title":"Unwilling to Un-Blame: Whites Who Dismiss Historical Causes of Societal Disparities Also Dismiss Personal Mitigating Information for Black Offenders","authors":"M. Gill, A. Pizzuto","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"When will racial bias in blame and punishment emerge? Here, we focus on White people's willingness to “un-blame” Black and White offenders upon learning of their unfortunate life histories or biological impairments. We predicted that personal mitigating narratives of Black (but not White) offenders would be ignored by Whites who are societal-level anti-historicists. Societal-level anti-historicists deny that a history of oppression by Whites has shaped current societal-level intergroup disparities. Thus, our prediction centers on how societal-level beliefs relate to bias against individuals. Our predictions were confirmed in three studies. In one of those studies, we also showed how racial bias in willingness to un-blame can be removed: Societal-level anti-historicists became open to mitigation for Black offenders if they were reminded that the offender began as an innocent baby. Results are discussed in terms of how the rich literature on blame and moral psychology could enrich the study of racial bias.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42727996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Generalized Approach/Avoidance Responses to Degraded Affective Stimuli: An Informational Account 对退化的情感刺激的普遍化接近/回避反应:一个信息解释
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.29
Nicolas Pillaud, François Ric
{"title":"Generalized Approach/Avoidance Responses to Degraded Affective Stimuli: An Informational Account","authors":"Nicolas Pillaud, François Ric","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies tested whether affective stimuli presented auditorily spontaneously trigger approach/avoidance reactions toward neutral visual stimuli. Contrary to hypotheses, Experiment 1 revealed that when the target was present, participants responded faster after positive (vs. negative) stimuli, and faster to the absence of the target following negative (vs. positive) stimuli, whatever the response modality (i.e., approach/avoidance). Instructions were to approach/avoid stimuli depending on whether a target was presented or not presented. We proposed that affective stimuli were used in this study as information about the presence/absence of the target. In Experiment 2, we replicated the results of Experiment 1 when participants responded to the presence/absence of the target, whereas an approach/avoidance compatibility effect was observed when each response modality was associated with a target. These results indicate that affective stimuli influence approach/avoidance across perceptual modalities and suggest that the link between affective stimuli and behavioral tendencies could be mediated by informational value of affect.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Master Narratives, Expectations of Change, and Their Effect on Temporal Appraisals 主叙述、对变化的期望及其对时间评价的影响
IF 1.9 4区 心理学
Social Cognition Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2021.39.6.717
J. Hillman, David J. Hauser
{"title":"Master Narratives, Expectations of Change, and Their Effect on Temporal Appraisals","authors":"J. Hillman, David J. Hauser","doi":"10.1521/soco.2021.39.6.717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.6.717","url":null,"abstract":"People hold narrative expectations for how humans generally change over the course of their lives. In some areas, people expect growth (e.g., wisdom), while in others, people expect stability (e.g., extroversion). However, do people apply those same expectations to the self? In five studies (total N = 1,372), participants rated selves as improving modestly over time in domains where stability should be expected (e.g., extroversion, quick-wittedness). Reported improvement was significantly larger in domains where growth should be expected (e.g., wisdom, rationality) than domains where stability should be expected. Further, in domains where growth should be expected participants reported improvement for selves and others. However, in domains where stability should be expected, participants reported improvement for selves but not others. Hence, participants used narrative expectations to inform projections of change. We discuss implications for future temporal self-appraisal research, heterogeneity of effect sizes in self-appraisal research, and between-culture differences in narratives.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49404902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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