International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT): Concurrent Validity and Reference Values for CrossFit® Participants.","authors":"Thiago R T Santos, Ana Luiza R Rodrigues, Henrique M P Faria, Stéphane M Teixeira, Livia S Pogetti, Andressa Silva, Renan A Resende, Juliana M Ocarino","doi":"10.26603/001c.124119","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) is a practical clinical assessment of posterolateral hip muscle performance. There is no information regarding the validity of the HipSIT in participants exposed to high-intensity training, such as CrossFit®.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) concurrent validity with the isokinetic assessment in CrossFit® participants. A secondary purpose was to characterize posterolateral hip muscular performance with HipSIT according to sex and lower limb dominance in athletes who participate in CrossFit®.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-hundred and eleven CrossFit® participants were evaluated. The posterolateral hip muscles were evaluated using the HipSIT with a hand-held dynamometer. The hip extensors and abductors' peak torque and maximum work were assessed with the Biodex System® 4 Pro isokinetic dynamometer at 60º/s. Concurrent validity between measurements was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses. The comparison of results between sexes and between limbs was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spearman analyses indicated a significant positive correlation with medium effect size between HipSIT and isokinetic variables ( <math><mi>ρ</mi></math> = 0.36 to 0.49). Bland-Altman analyses showed that most measures were within the 95% limits of agreement. The HipSIT was greater in males than females (p < 0.001) and greater in the dominant than non-dominant limb (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support using HipSIT in the clinical assessment of CrossFit® participants. Clinicians can use the data as reference values for athletes who participate in CrossFit® and should consider the difference between sexes and lower limbs.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1417-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominant Arm Internal and External Rotation Strength is Related to Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players.","authors":"Jeffrey Paskewitz, Fred Breidenbach, Philip Malloy, P Michael Eckrich, Ryan Zarzycki","doi":"10.26603/001c.124447","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. Few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder strength and passive range of motion (ROM) with arm pain (either shoulder or elbow pain) during throwing, especially in athletes in early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and strength and the presence of arm pain during throwing in youth baseball players. It was hypothesized that less internal rotation (IR) ROM, less total rotational ROM, and lower IR and external rotation (ER) strength would be associated with arm pain.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-five youth male baseball players between the ages of 12-15 were enrolled. Shoulder strength (ER, IR, ER/IR strength ratio, scaption) and passive ROM (ER, IR, flexion, horizontal adduction) were collected prior to the start of the spring 2021 baseball season. Players self-reported their arm pain frequency during throwing as never, rarely, sometimes, often, or always. The relationship between reported arm pain frequency during throwing and shoulder ROM and strength measurements was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ER (ρ= -0.289, p=0.020) and IR strength (ρ= -0.262, p=0.035) were weakly and negatively correlated with reports of arm pain during throwing. No other clinical variables were associated with reports of arm pain (p ≥ 0.124).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In youth baseball players, greater IR and ER strength were associated with less arm pain frequency during throwing, while ROM was not associated with arm pain frequency. Future research should explore these variables prospectively to determine if changes in ROM and strength are related to the development of arm pain in youth baseball players.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1439-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position- and Sex-Related Differences in Sagittal and Frontal Plane Concentric Isokinetic Hip Muscle Peak Torques and Agonist-Antagonist Ratios.","authors":"Lisa T Hoglund, Matthew C Schiffino, James E Freels, Isabella G Romano","doi":"10.26603/001c.124117","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip muscle weakness is associated with many musculoskeletal conditions and athletic injuries. Isokinetic testing is often performed to measure a patient's strength or to assess treatment response. Patient sex and positioning during isokinetic strength testing may influence peak torque production and the agonist-antagonist peak torque ratios. However, different test positions are used clinically and in research to measure hip muscle strength. It is unknown how patient test position or sex impacts test results.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentric isokinetic peak torques of sagittal and frontal plane hip muscles differ when tested in recumbent versus standing positions and if results were impacted by patient sex.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty healthy adults (20 male, 20 female) participated. Concentric isokinetic hip torques of the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors were measured with participants in two positions (recumbent versus standing; 60°/second angular velocity). Peak torque values were normalized by body mass and height. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAs (sex x position). Effect sizes were examined using partial eta squared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant interactions or main effects for sex were found. Significant main effects for position were found for hip extensor and abductor peak torques and for hip flexor-extensor ratio. Hip extensor peak torque was greater when tested supine versus standing with a large effect size (<i>p</i>=.02, effect size =.14). Hip abductor peak torque was greater when tested sidelying versus standing with a medium effect size (<i>p</i>=.03, effect size =.12). Hip flexor-extensor agonist-antagonist ratio was greater when tested standing versus supine with a large effect size (<i>p</i><.001, effect size =.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hip extensor and abductor concentric isokinetic peak torques were greater when tested in recumbent versus standing positions. In contrast, hip flexor-extensor ratio was greater when tested in standing versus supine.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1407-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL Injury, Part 1: Optimizing Recovery in the Acute Post-Operative Phase- A Clinical Commentary.","authors":"Kevin E Wilk, Morgan Ivey, Zachary M Thomas, Lewis Lupowitz","doi":"10.26603/001c.124945","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are on the rise, despite improved surgical techniques and prevention programs. While traditional rehabilitation emphasizes the restoration of motion, strength, and physical performance, emerging research highlights the importance of addressing neurocognitive deficits that can persist after injury. These deficits, including altered proprioception, impaired motor control and muscle recruitment, as well as heightened reliance on visual feedback, can significantly increase the risk of re-injury and impede return to sport. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to outline a proposed comprehensive approach to rehabilitation that challenges the neurocognitive system to optimize rehabilitation outcomes and reduce reinjury risk. Thus, this clinical commentary discusses the rationale for integrating neurocognitive training into all phases of ACLR rehabilitation, from initial injury to eight weeks post-surgery. It details the neurophysiological changes caused by ACL injury and presents evidence supporting the use of exercises that challenge visual attention, decision-making, and motor planning. A comprehensive rehabilitation framework incorporating both physical and neurocognitive components is proposed, aiming to improve long-term outcomes and reduce re-injury risk. Level of Evidence: 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1373-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Visual Attentional Demands Alter Lower Extremity Sidestep Cutting Kinematics in Male Basketball Players.","authors":"Koen T H Rikken, Tom Panneman, Fabian Vercauteren, Alli Gokeler, Anne Benjaminse","doi":"10.26603/001c.124804","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In basketball, changing direction is one of the primary mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often occurring within complex game situations with high cognitive demands. It is unknown how visual attention affects sidestep cutting kinematics during the entire energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to study the effect of added cognitive load, in the form of increased visual attentional demands, on sidestep cutting kinematics during the energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Crossover Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male basketball players (aged 22.1 ± 2.3) performed ten sidestep cutting movements without (BASE) and with (VIS) a visual attention dual task. 3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded utilizing Xsens IMU motion capture. Temporal kinematics were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Discrete time point kinematics were additionally analyzed at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee flexion utilizing paired t-tests. Effect sizes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition compared to the BASE condition (p<0.01), including at IC (VIS 35.0° ± 7.2°, BASE 40.7° ± 4.9°, p=0.02, d=0.92) and peak (VIS 37.8° ± 9.7°, BASE 45.5° ± 6.9°, p=0.001, d=0.90). Knee flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition, in comparison to the BASE condition (p<0.01), at peak (VIS 59.9° ± 7.5°, BASE 64.1° ± 7.4°, p=0.001, d=0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of visual attention during sidestep cutting altered lower limb kinematics, which may increase ACL injury risk. It is suggested that ACL injury risk screening and prevention should include sidestep cutting with visual attentional demands, in order to mimic the cognitive demands of the sports environment.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1304-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders.","authors":"Veronika Iljinaitė, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Kristina Berškienė","doi":"10.26603/001c.124998","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p<0.001).Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1455-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Factors Influencing Davis Cup Retirements Over the Past Twenty Years.","authors":"Martí Casals, Jordi Cortés, Daniel Llenderrozos, Miguel Crespo, Timothy E Hewett, Lorena Martin, Ernest Baiget","doi":"10.26603/001c.123948","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The demands of professional tennis, including physical and psychological aspects, contribute to the frequency of retirements at elite levels of the sport.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of injuries and the factors that influence the retirements of professional tennis players competing in the Davis Cup over the last two decades.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data set includes data from 6,060 men's singles matches that included 1,814,141 games from Davis Cup ties played between 2000 to 2019. Factors that might influence the retirements were studied by means of generalized linear models using Poisson distribution. Incidence rates by 1000 games and incidence rate ratios of retirements are provided as association measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retirement incidence was 1.05 per 1000 games [95% CI: 0.90, 1.21]. The main risk factors associated with retirements were matches played on hard courts (IRR: 2.52 [95% CI: 1.32, 4.83]) and matches played in the final two matches of the tie and in a best-of-5-set format (IRR: 2.63 [95% CI: 1.69, 4.09] and IRR: 5.52 [95% CI: 3.50, 8.69], respectively). The most common injuries that led to retirements were those affecting the lower extremities, specifically involving muscular or tendinous tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights for coaches, players, support teams, and epidemiologists regarding retirements and their associated risk factors in Davis Cup tournaments. These findings may guide future research and inform strategies aimed at managing player health and performance in professional tennis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1465-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Visual Perturbation Neuromuscular Training on Landing Mechanics and Neural Activity: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Timothy R Wohl, Cody R Criss, Adam L Haggerty, Justin L Rush, Janet E Simon, Dustin R Grooms","doi":"10.26603/001c.123958","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletes at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have concurrent deficits in visuocognitive function and sensorimotor brain functional connectivity.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether visual perturbation neuromuscular training (VPNT, using stroboscopic glasses and external visual focus feedback) increases physical and cognitive training demand, improves landing mechanics, and reduces neural activity for knee motor control.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight right leg dominant healthy female athletes (20.4±1.1yrs; 1.6±0.1m; 64.4±7.0kg) participated in four VPNT sessions. Before and after VPNT, real-time landing mechanics were assessed with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and neural activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a unilateral right knee flexion/extension task. Physical and cognitive demand after each VPNT session was assessed with Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for both physical and cognitive perceived exertion and the NASA Task Load Index. Descriptives and effect sizes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following VPNT, LESS scores decreased by 1.5 ± 1.69 errors with a large effect size (0.78), indicating improved mechanics, and reductions in BOLD signal were observed in two clusters: 1) left supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, secondary somatosensory cortex (p=.012, z=4.5); 2) right superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor cortex (p<.01, z=5.3). There was a moderate magnitude increase of cognitive RPE between the first and last VPNT sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VPNT provides a clinically feasible means to perturbate visual processing during training that improves athletes' real-time landing mechanics and promotes neural efficiency for lower extremity movement, providing the exploratory groundwork for future randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1333-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Therapy Utilization Prior to Biceps Tenodesis or Tenotomy for Biceps Tendinopathy.","authors":"Amy McDevitt, Joshua Cleland, Paisley Hiefield, Jonathan Bravman, Suzanne Snodgrass","doi":"10.26603/001c.123950","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgery for the management of individuals with long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tendinopathy is common. Little is known about physical therapy (PT) utilization prior to surgery. The purpose of this review was to investigate the use of PT prior to biceps tenodesis and tenotomy surgeries by assessing the number of visits and the types of interventions. A secondary objective was to report on themes of PT interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational cohort study design was used to analyze medical records and report on patient visits, procedure codes based on active or passive interventions, and themes of interventions utilized by PT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient records (n=308) were screened for eligibility, n=62 (20.1%) patients attended PT prior to surgery. The median number of PT visits was four (IQR=3.5), and 39/62 (63%) patients had four or more visits to PT. Active interventions were used in 54.5% (533/978) of the codes billed; passive interventions were used in 45.5% (445/978) of the codes. There was high utilization of therapeutic exercise [93.4% (498/533) of active procedure codes] including muscle performance/resistance, functional activity, motor control and stretching. Manual therapy [84.3% (375/445) of passive procedure codes] included soft tissue mobilization, non-thrust manipulation (glenohumeral joint and cervical spine) and thrust manipulation (thoracic spine).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PT was not commonly utilized prior to undergoing biceps tenodesis and tenotomy surgery. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for low utilization.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1477-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Terese Chmielewski, Michael Obermeier, Adam Meierbachtol, Asher Jenkins, Michael Stuart, Robby Sikka, Marc Tompkins","doi":"10.26603/001c.124807","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>This study examined changes in performance on visuomotor reactions tests and single-leg hop tests following advanced neuromuscular training in patients with ACLR. The hypothesis was that performance would improve less on reaction tests than on single-leg hop tests.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Quasi experimental, Pretest-Posttest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five patients with ACLR (11 males) completed 10 sessions of advanced neuromuscular training and pre-and post-training testing. Reaction tests outcomes were from a platform and visual display. The double-leg reaction test involved touching target dots with either leg for 20 seconds; correct touches and errors were recorded. The single-leg reaction test involved hopping on the test leg to 10 target dots; hop time and errors were recorded. Single-leg hop tests included forward, triple, crossover triple, and timed hop; limb symmetry index was recorded. Effect sizes were calculated for corrected touches on the double-leg reaction test, surgical side hop time on the single-leg reaction test, and surgical side hop distance or time on single-leg hop tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correct touches on the double-leg reaction test significantly increased from pre- to post-training (20.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 23.9 +/- 2.8, p<0.001). Hop time on the single-leg reaction test significantly decreased from pre- to post-training (Surgical leg 13.2 vs. 12.3 seconds, non-surgical leg 13.0 vs. 12.1 seconds, p=0.003). Mean errors did not significantly change on either reaction test (p> 0.05). Cohens d effect sizes in descending order was single-leg hop tests (d=0.9 to 1.3), double-leg reaction test (d=0.9), and single-leg reaction test (d=0.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Motor performance improved after advanced neuromuscular training, but the effect size was less on visuomotor reaction tests than single-leg hop tests. The results suggest persistence of neurocognitive reliance after ACLR and a need for more dual-task challenges in training.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1324-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}