International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The International Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards 2025: The SportsComp Project on Higher Education to Improve Competency in Sports Physiotherapy.","authors":"Maria Constantinou, Carlo Ramponi, Bruno Tassignon, Emilie Dick, Elke Lathouwers, Mati Arend, Laura Lepasalu, Armi Hirvonen, Sanna Sihvonen, Sanna Paasu-Hynynen, Eleni Kapreli, Aristi Tsokani, Nikolaos Strimpakos, Luciana De Michelis Mendonça, Jo Verschueren","doi":"10.26603/001c.159762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.159762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports Physiotherapy is a specialised area of practice requiring specific competencies and standards to be met. The initial Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards at the international level were first developed in 2005. With the sports physiotherapy landscape evolving, ensuring the currency and an update of the 2005 competencies was important. Through the SportsComp project (Higher Education to Improve Competency in Sports Physiotherapy) funded by an Erasmus+ grant, a consortium of five partners, including the International Sports and Exercise Physiotherapy Assocation, updated these competencies and standards. Using a three-phase process that incorporated perspectives from experienced sports physiotherapists including a Delphi study, a qualitative study of focus groups and interviews of stakeholders, and a consensus meeting of expert sports physiotherapy researchers and educators, the International Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards (2025) (\"the Competencies\") were finalized. The final competencies are at a Master's level, and are contemporary and relevant to the current context of the practice of sports physiotherapy. The knowledge and behaviors to be demonstrated and standards to be achieved are able to be implemented in sports physiotherapy career pathways internationally. An overview of the key changes in the Competencies is presented and the full list of the Competencies are included as Supplementary Material. # Level of Evidence 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"575-581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Session Reliability of Eccentric Countermovement Jump Kinetics in Individuals Six Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Gwendal Kersante, Karine Langlois, Ayrton Moiroux-Sahraoui, Simona Lucarno, Adrien Cerrito, Florian Forelli","doi":"10.26603/001c.160164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuromuscular impairments, including reduced eccentric force capacity and persistent limb asymmetries, are commonly observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), even during later stages of rehabilitation. Eccentric-phase countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics derived from force plates are increasingly used to monitor neuromuscular recovery after ACLR; however, the intra-session reliability of these eccentric variables in individuals after ACLR remains insufficiently described.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the intra-session reliability and variability of selected eccentric-phase CMJ variables in physically active individuals six months after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Crossectional reliability study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty physically active participants were assessed six months after ACLR. Intra-session reliability was evaluated using three CMJ trials performed within a single testing session on dual force plates. Eccentric-phase variables were calculated separately for the operated (OP) and non-operated (NOP) limbs: Eccentric Peak Force (EPF), defined as the peak vertical ground reaction force during the braking phase; Eccentric Impulse (EI), defined as the impulse from bodyweight threshold to the instant of zero center-of-mass velocity; and eccentric Rate of Force Development (RFD), defined as the slope of force development over the first 200 ms after exceeding bodyweight. Intra-session reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Measurement variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EPF demonstrated good intra-session reliability for both limbs (ICC = 0.868 [OP], 0.895 [NOP]) with acceptable variability (CV = 7.8% [OP], 6.4% [NOP]). EI also showed good reliability (ICC = 0.868 [OP], 0.840 [NOP]; SEM = 4.3 N·s [OP] and 6.2 N·s [NOP]), although variability was higher (CV = 10.2% [OP], 11.3% [NOP]). Eccentric RFD demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC = 0.620 [OP], 0.715 [NOP]) and high variability (CV = 30.1% [OP], 22.4% [NOP]; SEM = 217 N·s⁻¹ [OP] and 184 N·s⁻¹, [NOP]). Between-limb differences are reported descriptively and were not a primary outcome of the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals assessed six months after ACLR, eccentric CMJ-derived EPF and EI demonstrated acceptable intra-session relative reliability, whereas eccentric RFD showed lower reliability and greater variability. These findings indicate that EPF and EI may provide more consistent intra-session measurements than eccentric RFD when assessing eccentric-phase CMJ performance after ACLR. Results should be interpreted within the context of a single-session reliability design.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"484-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPORT: A Novel Biopsychosocial Framework for Chronic Low Back Pain in a Young Athlete - A Case Report.","authors":"James Swift","doi":"10.26603/001c.160513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a disabling injury for athletes with an unclear pathway to return to sport (RTS). Biopsychosocial (BPS) treatment can address the complex needs of athletes recovering from injury by considering the interplay between body and mind. Current BPS models lack specific guidelines for clinicians. This case report presents and applies a novel BPS framework, SPORT (Systematic Progressive Overload Rehabilitation Training) to a young athlete with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Description: </strong>An accomplished 18-year-old male athlete who engaged in soccer, football, and powerlifting presented with CLBP. The symptoms originated with kicking and worsened for 13 months. Despite five months of treatment from clinicians, there was no RTS or improvement in pain and disability. The SPORT framework consisting of 18 evidence-based principles was implemented. The outcomes tracked were strength, sport participation, and reported pain and function.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>A 17-week intervention resulted in strength gains as measured by performances on the squat and deadlift. Squat improved from 45 lb to 335 lb. Deadlift improved from 45 lb to 385 lb. The subject's recreational sport participation increased from inactivity to 45 minutes of play for five consecutive days. He improved from daily pain and disability to near pain-free living and function. Seven weeks post treatment, post-case outcomes included a 435 lb squat, 465 lb deadlift, participation in recreational sports, sustained improvements in pain and function, and successful flare-up management.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The subject presented with unique challenges which required a holistic approach to RTS. SPORT provided tools for managing his CLBP. Future studies could compare SPORT to other treatments for CLBP in young athletes, ideally on a larger scale and with diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The case presents the creation and application of an original BPS framework, resulting in reductions in pain and a RTS in a young athlete suffering from CLBP.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"542-555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Capacitive and Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency on Muscle Stiffness and Local Hemodynamics of the Rectus Femoris: A Randomized Crossover Study of Female University Soccer Players.","authors":"Ryo Sugiyama, Takayuki Miyamori, Masashi Aoyagi, Kimiko Sakamoto, Shunpei Iwaki, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masafumi Yoshimura","doi":"10.26603/001c.160166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMF) improves muscle extensibility and local tissue oxygen saturation in the trunk region. However, its effects on the lower extremities, particularly the rectus femoris, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the immediate effects of 448-kHz CRMF on muscle stiffness and hemodynamics of the rectus femoris in female collegiate soccer players.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized crossover study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy female collegiate soccer players from a university team were recruited. Those with a history of thigh muscle injury or orthopedic disorders such as fractures within the previous year, any history of neurological or cardiac disease, and presence of a cardiac pacemaker were excluded. Each participant received three interventions (CRMF, hot pack, and sham) in randomized order with ≥2-day washout periods. Muscle stiffness (kPa) was assessed using shear wave elastography; hemodynamics (oxygenated hemoglobin [Oxy-Hb], deoxygenated hemoglobin [deOxy-Hb], total-Hb, and tissue oxygen saturation [StO₂]) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy at depths of 1.5 and 3.0 cm. Measurements were performed at pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 30 min post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18 female soccer players (mean age ± standard deviation, 20.2 ± 1.4 years) participated in and completed the study protocol. CRMF significantly reduced rectus femoris stiffness immediately post-intervention in the stretch position compared with hot pack (p < 0.001) and sham (p = 0.006). In the resting position, stiffness did not differ significantly across conditions. At 3 cm depth, CRMF and hot pack significantly increased Oxy-Hb immediately compared with sham (p = 0.008 and 0.025, respectively). CRMF also exhibited higher total-Hb at 3 cm immediately (p = 0.028). StO₂ at 3 cm was higher with CRMF than with the hot pack immediately (p = 0.002) and sham at 30 min (p = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CRMF reduced rectus femoris muscle stiffness in the stretched position and increased deep-tissue Oxy-Hb, total-Hb, and StO₂ in female collegiate soccer players. Effects were immediate, and some hemodynamic responses persisted up to 30 min, suggesting that CRMF may be an effective thermotherapy for improving deep-tissue oxygenation and reducing muscle stiffness in sports and rehabilitation settings.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"462-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Patient Characteristics and Pain, Physical Function, and Quality of Life Among Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis: Explorative Study with Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jesper L Jensen, Agnes G Larsen, Frederik N Foldager, Inger Mechlenburg, Troels Kjeldsen","doi":"10.26603/001c.160556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with pain, reduced physical function, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Identifying patient characteristics associated with these outcomes may improve understanding of disease impact and support individually tailored treatment.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore associations between patient characteristics and key outcomes of pain, physical function, and QoL among individuals with hip OA. Secondarily, to investigate differences in pain, physical function, and QoL between patients recruited from hospitals and physiotherapy clinics in Denmark. Study design: Explorative cross-sectional study, with baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline data from The Hip Booster Trial was analyzed, including 159 adults with clinically diagnosed hip OA recruited from physiotherapy clinics and hospitals in Denmark. Associations between BMI, physical activity, age, sex, symptom duration, analgesic use (yes/no), muscle power (watts), educational level, and patient reported outcomes (HOOS pain, ADL, QoL) and the 30s-Chair Stand Test (CST) were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Change in the independent variable required to achieve a minimal important difference (MID) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the eight characteristics investigated, two were associated with all key outcomes. Higher muscle power was associated with less pain (0.08 points, 95% CI 0.02; 0.13), better QoL (0.05 points, 95% CI -.01; 0.11), and better physical function; HOOS ADL (0.10 points, 95% CI 0.04; 0.16), 30s-CST (0.02 repetitions, 95% CI 0.01; 0.03). The use of analgesics was associated with worse HOOS pain (-10.99 points, 95% CI -15.66; -6.31), worse HOOS QoL (-7.89 points, 95% CI -13.30; -2.49), and poorer physical function measured by HOOS ADL (-8.25 points, 95% CI -13.63; -2.86), and 30s-CST (-.76 repetitions, 95% CI -1.84; 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater muscle power was associated with better outcomes for HOOS Pain, QoL, ADL, and the 30s-CST, whereas use of analgesics was negatively associated with these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"496-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better Dynamic Balance as a Predictor of Better Horizontal Hop Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mathias K Pedersen, Sofie H Kristensen, Emil R Hansen, Mikkel Gade, Signe Kierkegaard-Brøchner, Rasmus Ø Nielsen, Julie S Jacobsen","doi":"10.26603/001c.160169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports performance depends on multiple components, including strength, power, and balance. Both dynamic balance and hip muscle strength influence horizontal hop performance, but it remains unclear whether balance predicts hop performance differently across varying levels of hip strength.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objectives of the present study were to i) investigate whether better dynamic balance was a predictor of better hop performance in Danish volunteers without musculoskeletal conditions, and ii) investigate whether this predictive association varies between groups with maximal isometric hip muscle strength below or above the sample mean in hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred thirty-five healthy volunteers aged 18-50 years were recruited from the general population via personal networks, social media, and posters on various institutions and companies in Aarhus and Horsens, Denmark. Dynamic balance was assessed with the Y-Balance test measuring reach in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions, summed to calculate a Composite Reach Distance. Horizontal forward hop performance was assessed using the Single-leg Hop for Distance test. Maximal isometric hip muscle strength of the flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors was measured using a fixated dynamometer. All tests were performed on the right leg. A univariate linear regression model was used with regression coefficient as measure of association. To investigate differences in the slope of the linear regressions, participants were divided into groups based on whether their maximal isometric hip muscle strength was below or above the sample mean.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Better dynamic balance was associated with better horizontal hop performance (β = 0.59, [95% CI 0.29-0.88], p<0.001), similar associations were found for the posterior directions. This finding was consistent regardless of whether hip muscle strength was below or above the sample mean for all four directions (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with better dynamic balance displayed better horizontal hop performance. These findings provide data on subjects without musculoskeletal conditions, which can be used as reference points when compared with symptomatic populations.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"473-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Medial Hamstrings.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.161263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.161263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hamstring muscle injuries are among the most common lower-extremity injuries in active individuals. Hamstring injuries follow a consistent pattern with a consistent medical history, which includes a sudden, explosive type of movement (sprinting, kicking, jumping, or lunging). The onset of pain is usually acute in the posterior thigh. They may describe a \"pop,\" \"snap,\" or sensation as if someone kicked them in the back of the thigh. An accurate diagnosis of medial hamstring overuse, partial tears, or ruptures is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSKUS has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating hamstring injuries, including tendinopathy, muscle strains (partial tears), and ruptures. MSKUS is excellent at detecting changes in tendon and muscle composition and continuity. This manuscript will review the utility of MSKUS in evaluating medial hamstring tendon and muscle injuries, including anatomy, common injury mechanisms, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for the rehabilitation profession. By integrating MSKUS into clinical practice, providers can improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance diagnostic confidence, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies to achieve optimal patient outcomes for those with hamstring injuries. # Level of Evidence 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"568-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor - A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice.","authors":"Jan-Paul vanWingerden","doi":"10.26603/001c.161268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.161268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"456-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scapular Dyskinesis, Glenohumeral Internal Rotation, and Pectoralis Minor Length in Male Elite Tennis Players.","authors":"Eo Jin Lee, Young Kyun Kim","doi":"10.26603/001c.160511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.160511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is prevalent among overhead athletes and may contribute to shoulder dysfunction. Internal rotation (IR) asymmetry and pectoralis minor shortening have been described as factors associated with SD in tennis players.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and distribution of scapular dyskinesis (SD) grades in male elite tennis players and to investigate their association with glenohumeral rotational range of motion and pectoralis minor length (PML).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three elite male tennis players aged 14-24 years were recruited through posted advertisements at the university, and those who volunteered and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Scapular dyskinesis was assessed using a standardized visual observation method and classified as normal, subtle, or obvious. Bilateral passive shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and total rotational motion (TROM) were measured. PML (height-normalized pectoralis minor index [PMI]), and lateral scapular slide test (LSST) distances were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests, and paired t-tests were used for side-to-side comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SD appeared in 70.9% of shoulders (dominant: 79.1%; non-dominant: 62.8%), with a significant difference in grade distribution between sides (p < 0.001). Higher SD grades were associated with reduced IR (dominant: <i>F</i> = 13.55, <i>p</i> < 0.001; non-dominant: <i>F</i> = 18.23, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and decreased TROM (dominant: <i>F</i> = 4.86, <i>p</i> = 0.013; non-dominant: <i>F</i> = 6.57, <i>p</i> = 0.003). The obvious SD group showed the lowest IR values in both shoulders, with significant differences compared to the normal and subtle groups, and demonstrated the shortest PML and shorter PML (dominant: <i>F</i> = 19.63; non-dominant: <i>F</i> = 19.43, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elite male tennis players commonly demonstrate SD, with higher dyskinesis grades associated with reduced IR, decreased TROM, and shorter PML. However, these findings reflect associations rather than causal relationships. The coexistence of SD and IR asymmetry should be considered during clinical assessment of overhead athletes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"517-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Access in Sports Physical Therapy Research: The Strategic Partnership Between the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy and the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy.","authors":"Airelle O Giordano, Dan Cobian, Barb Hoogenboom","doi":"10.26603/001c.161225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.161225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 5","pages":"453-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}