International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Maximum-Speed Single-Leg Bridge Test for Concentric Functional Assessment and Exercise in an Athlete with Recurrent Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Case Report.","authors":"Yuto Sano, Masashi Kawabata, Tomonori Kenmoku, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Naonobu Takahira","doi":"10.26603/001c.134124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high recurrence rate of hamstring strain injuries (HSI) suggests that using only muscle strength and flexibility differences between the injured and uninjured sides may be insufficient. Recurrences are frequent during high-speed movements; however, no assessment method currently exists to evaluate high-speed functional performance. This case report aimed to highlight the use of the Maximum-Speed Single-Leg Bridge Test (MS-SLBT) in a rugby player with a fourth recurrence of HSI to identify functional impairments that are not detectable with conventional assessments, and to demonstrate that these impairments can be improved by utilizing the test as an intervention.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 21-year-old university rugby player with a history of three prior HSI experienced a fourth recurrence in the semitendinosus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a Grade I injury, and ultrasound images showed scarring and tenderness of the muscle fibers. At one month post-injury, the subject reported no pain during hamstring stretching, isometric or eccentric contractions, or sprinting. The subject was unable to complete the MS-SLBT because of severe pain and fear. After two months, the pain during the test decreased, but the buttock-raising speed and height remained limited. The subject then performed the MS-SLBT exercise as a daily intervention for two months and the effects of training and detraining were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>After the intervention, there was a 76% improvement in buttock-raising speed, 84% improvement in height, 34% increase in isometric knee flexor torque, and 97% increase in flexibility. These improvements were maintained even after a 1.5 month of detraining period. Ultrasound images showed reduced muscle fiber irregularities, improved centralization of muscle contractions, and increased contraction speed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The MS-SLBT is effective in identifying residual functional impairments in athletes who meet conventional return-to-play criteria after HSI. Furthermore, MS-SLBT may serve as an effective intervention to improve these functional deficits within one month.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"716-726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Determinants of Health and Quadriceps Strength Recovery in Children and Adolescents following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Victor V Prati, Beverly J Spray, Cody W Walker, Cord Sheehy, Augustina O Oguntola-Blount, Paul M Inclan, Brant C Sachleben","doi":"10.26603/001c.133918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.133918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social determinants of health (SDOH) contribute to delays in access to care and inferior outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The interplay between multiple SDOH factors has not been investigated in children and adolescents during rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the relationships between SDOH variables, including demographics, singular surrogate indicators and multivariate indices, and quadriceps strength recovery at time of return-to-play testing following pediatric ACL reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at a single pediatric tertiary-care center completed a standardized return-to-play battery of tests six months post-operatively. The associations and interactions between SDOH variables and knee extension peak torque limb symmetry index (LSI), obtained during isokinetic testing at 60 °/s, were explored statistically with both univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on 259 White or Black/African American patients (43.2% female, mean age 15.3 ± 2.0 years) were utilized for analyses. Although several SDOH variables were significantly associated with knee extension peak torque LSI in univariate regression analyses, only sex, F (1, 253) = 11.15, p = 0.001, race, F (1, 253) = 12.06, p < 0.001 and their interaction, F (1, 253) = 6.53 , p = 0.011, remained statistically significant when entered in the final general linear model after controlling for age and graft type. Adjusted means (standard errors) for knee extension peak torque LSI were 74.6% (1.9) for White males, 72.8% (2.1) for White females, 72.5% (1.9) for Black or African American males, and 60.5% (2.2) for Black or African American females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Black or African American females demonstrated inferior quadriceps strength recovery six months following pediatric ACL reconstruction. The development of targeted interventions and multicomponent initiatives to reduce combined racial and sex disparities following pediatric ACL reconstruction are warranted to close the gap in pediatric orthopedic care.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"676-686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reliability and Validity of the Modified Butterfly Agility Test.","authors":"Richard Cahanin, Troy Burley, Andy Waldhelm","doi":"10.26603/001c.133920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.133920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No gold standard criteria exist for return to sport decision-making. The Butterfly Agility Test (BAT) has been shown to be a valid and reliable test for assessing various aspects of athletic performance; however, the space required to conduct it may be prohibitive for clinical environments and it has not been validated among an athletic population.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the reliability of the modified BAT (mBAT) and the number practice trials required to optimize its reliability. A secondary purpose was to assess the preliminary validity of the mBAT associated with the Y-Balance Test (YBT) and its relationship with player position among competitive soccer athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Multi-phase reliability and validity study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phases I and II involved 25 healthy adults (72% female, mean age = 23.4 years) and 45 competitive soccer athletes (55% female, mean age = 18.2 years), respectively. In Phase I, subjects performed 10 consecutive trials of the mBAT to assess test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the mBAT. In Phase II, subjects completed two consecutive trials of the mBAT and YBT during the pre-season period. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the reliability of the mBAT and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between trials in Phase I. In Phase II, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between mBAT and YBT performance and an ANOVA was used to assess differences in mBAT and YBT performance between player positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Phase I, the mBAT demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.92-1.00). In Phase II, female collegiate athletes performed better than male high-school athletes on the mBAT (p = 0.01). No significant relationships were found between the mBAT or YBT with player position (p > 0.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mBAT is a reliable physical performance test and three practice trials are recommended prior to recorded trials. The validity of the mBAT for distinguishing athletic performance remains inconclusive, although it appears the mBAT measures a distinct aspect of physical performance compared to the YBT. Although this data is preliminary, the mBAT shows promise as a useful tool for clinicians, trainers, and coaches to assess physical performance among competitive soccer athletes. Larger prospective studies are warranted prior to utilizing the mBAT for clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"666-675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamstring T-Junction Surgical Repair: An Elite Footballer's Return to Play Journey Through a New Football-Centered Complex Approach.","authors":"Massimo Zanovello, Mattia Bianchi, Lasse Lempainen, Marco Marano, Franco Bidoglio, Luis Suarez-Arrones","doi":"10.26603/001c.134126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hamstring strain injuries have a significant impact in football, with a high re-injury rate, particularly when the distal musculotendinous T-junction (DMTJ) is involved. In some cases, surgical repair is necessary to reduce the risk of re-injury and ensure return to play (RTP) at the pre-injury level.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case Report.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 24-year-old male football (soccer) player, playing in the Swiss first division, with recidivate hamstring injury, who undercame to surgical repair of DMTJ and returned to play through after 19 weeks. This case report introduces a new football-centered model divided into four main phases, showing how it guided the clinical reasoning used through the RTP process, along with MRI evaluations, clinical outcomes, global positioning system (GPS) data, and strength and power (S&P) neuromuscular testing.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The subject gradually returned to team training after 12 weeks and successfully returned to play after 19 weeks. The player participated in 26 official matches throughout the season, accumulating 1.323 minutes of play without reporting any symptoms at the injury site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The subject had a successful return to play following the rehab model proposed in this case report, as he was involved in all the matches, and he played without any symptoms or new injuries.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"727-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Acute Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treated Non-operatively with a Physiotherapy-led Exercise and Support Brace Intervention.","authors":"Randi G Rasmussen, Birgitte Blaabjerg, Torsten G Nielsen, Martin Lind","doi":"10.26603/001c.134128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) injuries can be treated non-operatively with a structured rehabilitation program or by surgical reconstruction. However, while the outcomes of surgically treated PCL injuries are well described, there is a paucity of large prospective studies reporting long-term outcomes of exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary aim was to investigate long-term (after five years) patient-reported outcomes of a physiotherapy-led exercise and support brace intervention in patients with an acute PCL injury. The secondary aim was to report conversion to surgical PCL reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series study, prospective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty patients with acute isolated or multiligament PCL injuries (presenting within eight weeks of injury) completed a 16-week exercise intervention, including 12 weeks in a PCL support brace. Patients were followed prospectively, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS). In addition, conversion to surgery was retrospectively extracted from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients completed subjective questionnaires at the five-year follow-up. The mean IKDC score improved from 35 points at baseline to 79 points at the five-year follow-up. All mean KOOS subscale scores increased by a statistically significant amount from baseline to the five-year follow-up: Symptoms: 52/87 points; Pain 56/88 points; Activities of daily living 58/90 points; Sport/Recreation 17/75 points; Quality of life 23/73 points. The TAS improved from level 2 at baseline to level 5 at the five-year follow-up. Seven patients (14%) were converted to PCL surgical reconstruction. The median time from initiation of non-operative treatment to surgery was 13 months (range 10-14 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physiotherapy-led exercise and brace intervention showed statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes at long-term follow-up of five years, and the need for conversion to PCL reconstruction for isolated PCL injuries was low with a conversion rate of 7%.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"648-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Single Leg Romanian Deadlift on the Risk of Hamstring Strain Injuries in Track and Field Athletes: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Ryo Otani, Hideo Nishikawa, Shigeaki Matsunaga, Yosuke Hiroshige, Masatoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.26603/001c.136803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a particularly significant problem in track and field events. In recent years, it has been recommended that the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) be included as part of an HSI prevention program, along with warm-up. However, NHE has low compliance because of various disadvantages. Therefore, we focused on Single-leg Romanian Deadlift (SLRDL) as an alternative to NHE. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the SLRDL on the risk of HSI.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female high school track athletes were recruited to participate across control and intervention seasons. The intervention added the SLRDL (3 sets x 3 reps) to the standard warm-up. An athletic trainer recorded HSI based on established criteria and athlete-hours. HSI incidence per 1000 athlete-hours and severity (by return-to-training time) were compared between seasons. Athletes filled out a compliance questionnaire after the intervention season. Risk ratios (RR) were examined for each severity of HSI between the control season and the intervention season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven athletes from one high school track and field team participated. The risk of mild to moderate HSI was reduced between the control and intervention seasons (RR = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.94) but no there was no significant effect on severe cases (RR = 2.84, 95% CI: 0.30-27.28). Compliance with SLRDL was 98.67%, indicating its potential as an easily implemented prevention program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the effect of the SLRDL in reducing the risk of mild to moderate NHE, the lower intensity of the SLRDL compared with NHE might have limited its effectiveness in reducing the risk of severe HSI. Further research is recommended to optimize HSI prevention programs, considering the use of the SLRDL as an introductory measure rather than a complete alternative to the NHE.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"657-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom Duration is not Related to Central Sensitization Inventory in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy.","authors":"Morgan N Potter, Hayley Powell Smitheman, Katie Butera, Ryan T Pohlig, Karin Grävare Silbernagel","doi":"10.26603/001c.134038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is concern that the prolonged symptom duration commonly observed in Achilles tendinopathy may alter pain processing and lead to development of central sensitization. If true, presence of altered pain processing could explain why nearly one third of individuals with Achilles tendinopathy do not respond to gold standard treatment. Currently, the relationship between symptom duration, symptom severity, pain, and central sensitization in Achilles tendinopathy is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was assess the proportion of individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy who may have central sensitization, as defined by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) part A questionnaire. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between symptom duration, pain intensity, symptom severity and CSI scores.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals diagnosed with midportion Achilles tendinopathy were included (n=182, 57% female (47.3±12.7 years). Bivariate correlations were used to evaluate relationships between symptom duration (time between date of symptom onset and date of study enrollment), symptom severity (assessed by Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles, VISA-A), and pain intensity (assessed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29, PROMIS-29) with CSI scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine of 182 individuals (4.9%, 9 females) scored above the clinical cut off for CSI, indicating likely presence of central sensitization. Duration of symptoms did not correlate with CSI score (r = 0.037, 95% CI [-.109, .181] p=0.622). VISA-A had a significant negative correlation with CSI score (r=-0.293, [-.420, -.154] p<0.001), and pain intensity had a significant positive correlation with CSI score (r=0.195, [.051, .331] p=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Less than five percent of individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy met criteria for likely presence of central sensitization as defined by the CSI screening questionnaire. The study findings suggest prolonged symptom duration among those with midportion Achilles tendinopathy is unlikely to increase the occurrence of symptoms associated with central sensitization.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"696-705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Subscapularis Repair and Biceps Tenodesis in an Adolescent Overhead Athlete: A Resident's Case Report.","authors":"Ramsey E Benkert, Giorgio Zeppieri, Marcus Owens, Ryan P Roach, Federico Pozzi","doi":"10.26603/001c.136408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of rotator cuff pathology in adolescent athletes is incredibly rare, consisting of only 1% of upper extremity injuries in those under the age of 20. Most rotator cuff injuries in this population are of the supraspinatus with few being of the subscapularis. The subscapularis aids with internal rotation and stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. Surgical management of these injuries in an adolescent athlete presents unique challenges due to periods of rapid growth in adolescence. Additional challenges exist in guiding post-operative physical therapy due to limited information on this injury. The purpose of this case report is to describe the surgical management and postoperative physical therapy of an adolescent, overhead athlete with a full thickness subscapularis tendon tear with concomitant long head of biceps tendon tear.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 13-year-old, male overhead athlete with a complete subscapularis tendon tear and partial-thickness tendon tear of the long head of the biceps was treated surgically with open subscapularis tendon repair and bicep tenodesis. The subject completed 22 physical therapy sessions over 30 weeks including completion of a return-to-throwing program.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>By the end of the course of treatment, the subject was able to return to sport and displayed clinically meaningful improvements in in range of motion and strength as well as patient reported outcome measures including the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (PSS) and the QuickDASH.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This case report emphasizes the uniqueness of an injury to the subscapularis tendon and long head of the biceps tendon tear in an adolescent overhead athlete along with the rarity of surgical intervention in this population. This case further outlines the success of surgical management following the use of a multi-phased rehabilitation program, allowing the athlete to safely return to sport.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"706-715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Median Nerve.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.136985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The median nerve is a crucial structure in the forearm and wrist, responsible for motor and sensory functions. Accurate diagnosis of nerve injury is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the gold standard for nerve assessment, diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSK ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating median nerve pathology, including carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), nerve entrapment, and traumatic nerve injuries. This article reviews the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the median nerve injury, including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for professional rehabilitation. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"756-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study.","authors":"Chelsea L Martin, Kelly R Evenson, Justin B Moore, Stephen Marshall, Jakob Wolf, Garrett Fernandez, Kristen Nicholson, Franco Impellizzeri, Patrick Ward, Ian Shrier, Nathan O'Connell, Charles Thigpen, Ellen Shanley, Daniel Kline, Matthew Hartshorne, Garrett Bullock","doi":"10.26603/001c.134013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake (i.e., proportion of initial use) and adherence (i.e., proportion of continued use) of wearable and portable biomechanical devices among collegiate baseball pitchers during a single summer training season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Uptake, adherence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for a commercially available biomechanical pitching sleeve during practice, and use of a force plate during a countermovement jump task for a minimum of one time per week per the established protocol. Potential non-response bias analyses were assessed descriptively by comparing medical history, clinical measures, and pitching patterns among athletes that continued and discontinued using the biomechanical devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two pitchers participated. The uptake for initiating force plate use was 0.32 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.55); uptake for the pitching sleeve was 0.55 (0.32, 0.76). Adherence for force plate use was 0.46 (0.31, 0.70), compared to 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) for the pitch sleeve. Potential non-response bias analysis revealed pitchers with no previous upper extremity injury in the prior season (n=14) were more likely to use the pitching sleeve beyond the first session (43%) than those who had reported a previous season UE injury at study baseline (13%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variable uptake and adherence was observed across devices and players. Addressing barriers/facilitators to increase uptake and adherence is necessary to inform future studies on the effect of these devices on preventing injury using training load, kinetic, and kinematic data monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"687-695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}