International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Visual Perturbation Neuromuscular Training on Landing Mechanics and Neural Activity: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Timothy R Wohl, Cody R Criss, Adam L Haggerty, Justin L Rush, Janet E Simon, Dustin R Grooms","doi":"10.26603/001c.123958","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletes at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have concurrent deficits in visuocognitive function and sensorimotor brain functional connectivity.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether visual perturbation neuromuscular training (VPNT, using stroboscopic glasses and external visual focus feedback) increases physical and cognitive training demand, improves landing mechanics, and reduces neural activity for knee motor control.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight right leg dominant healthy female athletes (20.4±1.1yrs; 1.6±0.1m; 64.4±7.0kg) participated in four VPNT sessions. Before and after VPNT, real-time landing mechanics were assessed with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and neural activity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a unilateral right knee flexion/extension task. Physical and cognitive demand after each VPNT session was assessed with Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for both physical and cognitive perceived exertion and the NASA Task Load Index. Descriptives and effect sizes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following VPNT, LESS scores decreased by 1.5 ± 1.69 errors with a large effect size (0.78), indicating improved mechanics, and reductions in BOLD signal were observed in two clusters: 1) left supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, secondary somatosensory cortex (p=.012, z=4.5); 2) right superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor cortex (p<.01, z=5.3). There was a moderate magnitude increase of cognitive RPE between the first and last VPNT sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VPNT provides a clinically feasible means to perturbate visual processing during training that improves athletes' real-time landing mechanics and promotes neural efficiency for lower extremity movement, providing the exploratory groundwork for future randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1333-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Therapy Utilization Prior to Biceps Tenodesis or Tenotomy for Biceps Tendinopathy.","authors":"Amy McDevitt, Joshua Cleland, Paisley Hiefield, Jonathan Bravman, Suzanne Snodgrass","doi":"10.26603/001c.123950","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgery for the management of individuals with long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tendinopathy is common. Little is known about physical therapy (PT) utilization prior to surgery. The purpose of this review was to investigate the use of PT prior to biceps tenodesis and tenotomy surgeries by assessing the number of visits and the types of interventions. A secondary objective was to report on themes of PT interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational cohort study design was used to analyze medical records and report on patient visits, procedure codes based on active or passive interventions, and themes of interventions utilized by PT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient records (n=308) were screened for eligibility, n=62 (20.1%) patients attended PT prior to surgery. The median number of PT visits was four (IQR=3.5), and 39/62 (63%) patients had four or more visits to PT. Active interventions were used in 54.5% (533/978) of the codes billed; passive interventions were used in 45.5% (445/978) of the codes. There was high utilization of therapeutic exercise [93.4% (498/533) of active procedure codes] including muscle performance/resistance, functional activity, motor control and stretching. Manual therapy [84.3% (375/445) of passive procedure codes] included soft tissue mobilization, non-thrust manipulation (glenohumeral joint and cervical spine) and thrust manipulation (thoracic spine).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PT was not commonly utilized prior to undergoing biceps tenodesis and tenotomy surgery. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for low utilization.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1477-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Neuromuscular Training Differentially Changes Performance on Visuomotor Reaction Tests and Single-leg Hop Tests in Patients with ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Terese Chmielewski, Michael Obermeier, Adam Meierbachtol, Asher Jenkins, Michael Stuart, Robby Sikka, Marc Tompkins","doi":"10.26603/001c.124807","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced neuromuscular training prepares patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for sport participation. Return-to-sport testing often includes single-leg hop tests, yet combining motor and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual-task) might reveal neurocognitive reliance.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>This study examined changes in performance on visuomotor reactions tests and single-leg hop tests following advanced neuromuscular training in patients with ACLR. The hypothesis was that performance would improve less on reaction tests than on single-leg hop tests.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Quasi experimental, Pretest-Posttest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five patients with ACLR (11 males) completed 10 sessions of advanced neuromuscular training and pre-and post-training testing. Reaction tests outcomes were from a platform and visual display. The double-leg reaction test involved touching target dots with either leg for 20 seconds; correct touches and errors were recorded. The single-leg reaction test involved hopping on the test leg to 10 target dots; hop time and errors were recorded. Single-leg hop tests included forward, triple, crossover triple, and timed hop; limb symmetry index was recorded. Effect sizes were calculated for corrected touches on the double-leg reaction test, surgical side hop time on the single-leg reaction test, and surgical side hop distance or time on single-leg hop tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correct touches on the double-leg reaction test significantly increased from pre- to post-training (20.4 +/- 4.3 vs. 23.9 +/- 2.8, p<0.001). Hop time on the single-leg reaction test significantly decreased from pre- to post-training (Surgical leg 13.2 vs. 12.3 seconds, non-surgical leg 13.0 vs. 12.1 seconds, p=0.003). Mean errors did not significantly change on either reaction test (p> 0.05). Cohens d effect sizes in descending order was single-leg hop tests (d=0.9 to 1.3), double-leg reaction test (d=0.9), and single-leg reaction test (d=0.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Motor performance improved after advanced neuromuscular training, but the effect size was less on visuomotor reaction tests than single-leg hop tests. The results suggest persistence of neurocognitive reliance after ACLR and a need for more dual-task challenges in training.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1324-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proprioceptive Reweighting and Postural Control are Impaired Among Elite Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Benoit Attalin, Telma Sagnard, Eric Laboute, Nicolas Forestier, Olivier Rémy-Néris, Brice Picot","doi":"10.26603/001c.124802","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the risk of recurrence can reach 20%, partially due to poor postural control and impaired sensory processing. Lack of flexibility in proprioceptive postural strategy has recently been shown to be a potential risk factor for ACL injury.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare proprioceptive reweighting and postural control between ACLR and controls elite athletes. It has been hypothesized that athletes with ACLR exhibit impaired proprioceptive reweighting and poor postural control.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two ACLR and 23 control elite athletes (50 males and 25 females, mean age 24.7 years) were included. Proprioceptive reweighting was determined using the evolution of proprioceptive weighting (eRPW), calculated from the center of pressure (CoP) displacements generated by tendon vibration during bilateral standing tasks on firm and foam surfaces. An eRPW <95% classified individuals as flexible (i.e., able to reweight proprioceptive signals from the ankle to the lumbar region), whereas an eRPW >105% classified individuals as rigid (i.e., maintaining an ankle dominant strategy). CoP velocity (vCoP) and CoP ellipse area (EA) were used to characterize postural control. Independent sample t-test and a Chi-squared test were used to compare eRPW, vCoP, EA, and the proportion of flexible and rigid athletes between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eRPW was higher in the ACLR group (100.9±58.8 vs. 68.6±26.6%; p=0.031; Rank biserial correlation=0.314; medium), with a greater proportion of rigid athletes than in the control group (38.5 vs. 4.4%; p=0.010), reflecting lower proprioceptive reweighting. The ACLR group had greater EA on foam surface (8.0±4.6 vs. 6.3±4.4cm²; p=0.019), revealing poorer postural control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elite athletes with ACLR showed impaired proprioceptive reweighting and poor postural control on an unstable surface. This reflects an inability to adapt proprioceptive weighting when balance conditions are changing and suboptimal postural strategies.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1314-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between 2D Visual- and 3D Motion Capture-based Assessment of Foot Strike Pattern.","authors":"Haruhiko Goto, Toshinao Kamikubo, Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, Suguru Torii","doi":"10.26603/001c.123952","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot strike patterns during running are typically categorized into two types: non-rearfoot strike (NRFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS), or as three distinct types: forefoot strike (FFS), midfoot strike (MFS), and RFS, based on which part of the foot lands first. Various methods, including two-dimensional (2D) visual-based methods and three-dimensional (3D) motion capture-based methods utilizing parameters such as the strike index (SI) or strike angle (SA), have been employed to assess these patterns. However, the consistency between the results obtained from each method remains debatable.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement for assessing foot strike patterns into two (NRFS and RFS) or three types (FFS, MFS, and RFS) between 2D visual- and 3D motion capture-based methods. The authors hypothesized that using two description types (NRFS and RFS) would have high inter-method reliability; however, using three description types (FFS, MFS and RFS) would have lower inter-method reliability because of the difficulty in distinguishing between FFS and MFS.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Controlled Laboratory Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 162 foot strikes from four healthy runners with various foot strike patterns were analyzed. Running kinematics and kinetics were recorded using a 3D motion capture system with a force platform. Each foot strike was filmed at 240 fps from the sagittal perspective. The visual, SI, and SA methods were used, and the kappa values for each method were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An assessment of the two types of foot strike: NRFS and RFS, revealed almost perfect kappa values (κ = 0.89-0.95) among the visual, SI, and SA methods. In contrast, an assessment of the three types: FFS, MFS, and RFS, revealed relatively low kappa values (κ = 0.58-0.71). Kappa values within the NRFS category, which includes MFS and FFS, ranged from fair to slight (κ = 0.08-0.33).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Previous laboratory findings that categorized foot strike patterns into two distinct types may be applied in observational studies, clinical practice, and training situations.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1386-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-Driven Neurophysiological qEEG Baseline Performance Capabilities in Healthy, Uninjured Division-I College Athletes.","authors":"Robert E Mangine, Thomas G Palmer, James A Tersak, Michael Mark, Joseph F Clark, Marsha Eifert-Mangine, Audrey Hill-Lindsay, Brian M Grawe","doi":"10.26603/001c.124935","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletic performance can be measured with a variety of clinical and functional assessment techniques. There is a need to better understand the relationship between the brain's electrical activity and the body's physiological performance capabilities in real-time while performing physical tasks related to sport. Orthopedic functional assessments used to monitor the neuroplastic properties of the central nervous system lack objectivity and/or pertinent functionality specific to sport. The ability to assess brain wave activity with physiological metrics during functional exercises associated with sport has proven to be difficult and impractical in real-time sport settings. Quantitative electroencephalography or qEEG brain mapping is a unique, real-time comprehensive assessment of brain electrical activity performed in combination with physiometrics which offers insight to neurophysiological brain-to-body function. Brain neuroplasticity has been associated with differences in musculoskeletal performance among athletes, however comparative real-time normal data to benchmark performance capabilities is limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose/design: </strong>This prospective, descriptive case series evaluated performance of task-driven activities using an innovative neurophysiological assessment technique of qEEG monitored neurophysiological responses to establish a comparative benchmark of performance capabilities in healthy, uninjured Division-I athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight healthy uninjured females (n=11) and males (n=17) NCAA Division-I athletes participated in real-time neurophysiological assessment using a Bluetooth, wireless 21-channel dry EEG headset while performing functional activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uninjured athletes experienced standard and regulated fluctuations of brain wave activity in key performance indicators of attention, workload capacity and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) asymmetries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>qEEG neurophysiological real-time assessment concurrent with functional activities in uninjured, Division-I athletes may provide a performance capability benchmark. Real-time neurophysiological data can be used to monitor athletes' preparedness to participate in sport, rehabilitation progressions, assist in development of injury prevention programs, and return to play decisions. While this paper focuses on healthy, uninjured participants, results underscore the need to discen pre-injury benchmarks.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1348-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive & Ecological Motor Learning Considerations for the 11+ ACL Injury Prevention Program: A Commentary.","authors":"Dustin R Grooms, Mario Bizzini, Holly Silvers-Granelli, Anne Benjaminse","doi":"10.26603/001c.123956","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 11+ is a structured warm-up program designed to prevent injuries in soccer players, but has proven efficacy in many populations, settings and sports. It consists of 15 exercises that target the most common injury sites, such as the knee, ankle, and groin. However, the implementation and adherence of the 11+ remain suboptimal, and recent compelling data indicates underlying mechanisms of injury risk related to neural control of movement may not be adequately targeted. Updates to the 11+ considering practical implications of neurocognitive and ecological motor learning may be warranted for coaches and practitioners. We review the evidence on how an updated 11+ may influence the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in motor control and learning, such as attention, anticipation, decision making, and feedback. How the 11+ can be adapted to the ecological constraints and affordances of the football (soccer) environment is also discussed, including the task, the individual, and the context. By considering these factors, the 11+ can be more effective, engaging, and enjoyable for the players, and thus improve its adoption and compliance. The 11+ has the capability to not only a physical warm-up, but also a neurocognitive and ecological preparation for the game. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to describe the conceptual design of a new ecological neurocognitively enriched 11+, that builds on the strong foundation of the original intervention with considerations for the newly discovered potential neural control of movement risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1362-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hip and Groin Problems in Female Team-Sport Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Juan Diego Stadelmann, Freddy Reichmann, Romana Franceschini-Brunner, Andrea Mosler, Nicola A Maffiuletti, Mario Bizzini","doi":"10.26603/001c.123946","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip and groin problems are common among team-sport athletes. However, few studies have been conducted in female athletes that have used the Doha Agreement classification system to categorize these problems.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the preseason point prevalence of hip and groin problems in elite female team-sport athletes. Secondary aims were to categorize the groin problems according to the Doha Agreement classification system and to explore the association between hip muscle strength and self-reported hip and groin function.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female athletes who participated in various sports underwent preseason assessment of isometric hip adduction and abduction strength, with pain levels recorded during respective contractions, and self-reported function on the Copenhagen Hip and groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). If any athlete reported current hip and groin problems during this screening assessment, a full, standardized clinical hip and groin examination was undertaken. These hip and groin problems were then categorized according to the Doha Agreement classification system. Comparisons between the participants with vs without hip and groin problems were made, and correlational statistics were used to examine relationships between strength and HAGOS scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-one elite female athletes from six different sports were included in the study. Thirteen athletes reported current hip and groin problems, with an overall prevalence rate of 14.3%. Iliopsoas-related groin pain was the most common category diagnosed, accounting for 58.8% of cases, followed by hip-related groin pain (17.6%), adductor-related (11.8%), and inguinal- and pubic-related pain (both 5.9%). No association was found between strength and function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The hip and groin point prevalence in female athletes documented during preseason appears to be similar to those reported in male athletes. Iliopsoas-related groin pain was the most common clinical entity reported in female athletes in this study. There was no association between hip muscle strength and self-reported hip and groin function.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1426-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Lumbar Locked Rotation, Trunk Rotation During Pitching, and Pitch Velocity in High School Baseball Players.","authors":"Shun Okamura, Kai Iida","doi":"10.26603/001c.123954","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trunk rotation during pitching correlates with pitching velocity and load on the joints of the upper limb. Trunk rotation is often focusing on during teaching the pitching motion. Athletes who exhibit early trunk rotation during pitching often have low thoracic spine rotational range of motion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the range of thoracic spine rotation measured using the lumbar locked rotation test (LLR-t), hip-shoulder separation (H/S) and thoracic rotation angle at stride foot contact (SFC), and ball velocity.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen healthy male high school students belonging to a baseball club were recruited for participation. The throwing side and non-throwing side LLR-t was performed using an inclinometer. Hip-shoulder separation and thoracic rotation angle during SFC were measured using a pitching motion analysis application: Pitch AI. In addition, a tracking device specifically designed for pitching：Pitching2.0 was employed to measure ball velocity. Correlations between LLR angle, H/S, trunk rotation angles at SFC, and ball velocity were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>There was a positive correlation（r=0.52，p=0.047） between the LLRt angle and H/S. Additionally, there was a negative correlation（r=-0.62, p =0.01） between the LLRt angle on the throwing side and thoracic rotation angle. There was a positive correlation(r=0.54, p=0.04) between ball velocity and H/S and a negative correlation(r=-0.56, p=0.03) between ball velocity and thoracic rotation angle during SFC. 　.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LLR-t measures thoracic rotation angle with the pelvis-lumbar spine fixed. The results indicated that throwing side LLR was related to the thoracic angle during SFC and hip-shoulder separation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1447-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise and Nordic Hamstring Exercise in West African Academy Soccer Players: An Intervention Study.","authors":"Matthew D DeLang, Lasse Ishøi, Maren Nielsen Hole, Prince Wilson, Michael Segbefia, Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.26603/001c.123510","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study implemented the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise (CAE) and Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) to examine 1) whether CAE and NHE interventions are associated with adductor and hamstring strength gains in youth African male soccer players and 2) whether strength changes after a rest period and secondary intervention.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Pre-post intervention study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four African elite male academy players (age 14.7±1.5 [12-18] years) participated in twice weekly CAE and NHE interventions for 8- and 10-week periods separated by a 4-week rest. Long lever adductor squeeze strength and prone isometric hamstring strength were measured with mixed-effects linear regression models to observe strength changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six and 95% of CAE and NHE sessions were completed in each intervention, with no adverse events related to the execution of the exercises. Adductor squeeze strength increased during the first intervention (baseline 3.23 [2.99-3.47] N/kg, post-intervention 3.53 [3.30-3.76] N/kg, p=0.911) and was maintained following the rest period (3.52 [3.27-3.76] N/kg, p=0.999) and second intervention (3.60 [3.35-3.84] N/kg, p=0.002). Hamstring strength improved during the first intervention (baseline 4.95 [4.42-5.49] N/kg, post-intervention 5.48 [4.95-6.02] N/kg, p<0.001), decreased to baseline during the rest period (4.98 [4.44-5.53] N/kg, p=0.996), and did not improve during the second intervention (5.01 [4.46-5.55] N/kg, p=0.978).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAE and NHE interventions can be implemented at an elite African academy with high compliance. Adductor and hamstring strength improved in the first intervention, with no further improvements in the second intervention. Secondary interventions therefore should include higher exercise volume or load to improve longitudinal adductor and hamstring strength.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III (Cohort Study).</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 10","pages":"1188-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}