International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Single Leg Romanian Deadlift on the Risk of Hamstring Strain Injuries in Track and Field Athletes: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Ryo Otani, Hideo Nishikawa, Shigeaki Matsunaga, Yosuke Hiroshige, Masatoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.26603/001c.136803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a particularly significant problem in track and field events. In recent years, it has been recommended that the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) be included as part of an HSI prevention program, along with warm-up. However, NHE has low compliance because of various disadvantages. Therefore, we focused on Single-leg Romanian Deadlift (SLRDL) as an alternative to NHE. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the SLRDL on the risk of HSI.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female high school track athletes were recruited to participate across control and intervention seasons. The intervention added the SLRDL (3 sets x 3 reps) to the standard warm-up. An athletic trainer recorded HSI based on established criteria and athlete-hours. HSI incidence per 1000 athlete-hours and severity (by return-to-training time) were compared between seasons. Athletes filled out a compliance questionnaire after the intervention season. Risk ratios (RR) were examined for each severity of HSI between the control season and the intervention season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven athletes from one high school track and field team participated. The risk of mild to moderate HSI was reduced between the control and intervention seasons (RR = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.94) but no there was no significant effect on severe cases (RR = 2.84, 95% CI: 0.30-27.28). Compliance with SLRDL was 98.67%, indicating its potential as an easily implemented prevention program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the effect of the SLRDL in reducing the risk of mild to moderate NHE, the lower intensity of the SLRDL compared with NHE might have limited its effectiveness in reducing the risk of severe HSI. Further research is recommended to optimize HSI prevention programs, considering the use of the SLRDL as an introductory measure rather than a complete alternative to the NHE.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"657-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom Duration is not Related to Central Sensitization Inventory in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy.","authors":"Morgan N Potter, Hayley Powell Smitheman, Katie Butera, Ryan T Pohlig, Karin Grävare Silbernagel","doi":"10.26603/001c.134038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is concern that the prolonged symptom duration commonly observed in Achilles tendinopathy may alter pain processing and lead to development of central sensitization. If true, presence of altered pain processing could explain why nearly one third of individuals with Achilles tendinopathy do not respond to gold standard treatment. Currently, the relationship between symptom duration, symptom severity, pain, and central sensitization in Achilles tendinopathy is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was assess the proportion of individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy who may have central sensitization, as defined by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) part A questionnaire. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between symptom duration, pain intensity, symptom severity and CSI scores.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals diagnosed with midportion Achilles tendinopathy were included (n=182, 57% female (47.3±12.7 years). Bivariate correlations were used to evaluate relationships between symptom duration (time between date of symptom onset and date of study enrollment), symptom severity (assessed by Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles, VISA-A), and pain intensity (assessed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29, PROMIS-29) with CSI scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine of 182 individuals (4.9%, 9 females) scored above the clinical cut off for CSI, indicating likely presence of central sensitization. Duration of symptoms did not correlate with CSI score (r = 0.037, 95% CI [-.109, .181] p=0.622). VISA-A had a significant negative correlation with CSI score (r=-0.293, [-.420, -.154] p<0.001), and pain intensity had a significant positive correlation with CSI score (r=0.195, [.051, .331] p=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Less than five percent of individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy met criteria for likely presence of central sensitization as defined by the CSI screening questionnaire. The study findings suggest prolonged symptom duration among those with midportion Achilles tendinopathy is unlikely to increase the occurrence of symptoms associated with central sensitization.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"696-705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study.","authors":"Chelsea L Martin, Kelly R Evenson, Justin B Moore, Stephen Marshall, Jakob Wolf, Garrett Fernandez, Kristen Nicholson, Franco Impellizzeri, Patrick Ward, Ian Shrier, Nathan O'Connell, Charles Thigpen, Ellen Shanley, Daniel Kline, Matthew Hartshorne, Garrett Bullock","doi":"10.26603/001c.134013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.134013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake (i.e., proportion of initial use) and adherence (i.e., proportion of continued use) of wearable and portable biomechanical devices among collegiate baseball pitchers during a single summer training season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Uptake, adherence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for a commercially available biomechanical pitching sleeve during practice, and use of a force plate during a countermovement jump task for a minimum of one time per week per the established protocol. Potential non-response bias analyses were assessed descriptively by comparing medical history, clinical measures, and pitching patterns among athletes that continued and discontinued using the biomechanical devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two pitchers participated. The uptake for initiating force plate use was 0.32 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.55); uptake for the pitching sleeve was 0.55 (0.32, 0.76). Adherence for force plate use was 0.46 (0.31, 0.70), compared to 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) for the pitch sleeve. Potential non-response bias analysis revealed pitchers with no previous upper extremity injury in the prior season (n=14) were more likely to use the pitching sleeve beyond the first session (43%) than those who had reported a previous season UE injury at study baseline (13%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variable uptake and adherence was observed across devices and players. Addressing barriers/facilitators to increase uptake and adherence is necessary to inform future studies on the effect of these devices on preventing injury using training load, kinetic, and kinematic data monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"687-695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Subscapularis Repair and Biceps Tenodesis in an Adolescent Overhead Athlete: A Resident's Case Report.","authors":"Ramsey E Benkert, Giorgio Zeppieri, Marcus Owens, Ryan P Roach, Federico Pozzi","doi":"10.26603/001c.136408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of rotator cuff pathology in adolescent athletes is incredibly rare, consisting of only 1% of upper extremity injuries in those under the age of 20. Most rotator cuff injuries in this population are of the supraspinatus with few being of the subscapularis. The subscapularis aids with internal rotation and stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. Surgical management of these injuries in an adolescent athlete presents unique challenges due to periods of rapid growth in adolescence. Additional challenges exist in guiding post-operative physical therapy due to limited information on this injury. The purpose of this case report is to describe the surgical management and postoperative physical therapy of an adolescent, overhead athlete with a full thickness subscapularis tendon tear with concomitant long head of biceps tendon tear.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 13-year-old, male overhead athlete with a complete subscapularis tendon tear and partial-thickness tendon tear of the long head of the biceps was treated surgically with open subscapularis tendon repair and bicep tenodesis. The subject completed 22 physical therapy sessions over 30 weeks including completion of a return-to-throwing program.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>By the end of the course of treatment, the subject was able to return to sport and displayed clinically meaningful improvements in in range of motion and strength as well as patient reported outcome measures including the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (PSS) and the QuickDASH.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This case report emphasizes the uniqueness of an injury to the subscapularis tendon and long head of the biceps tendon tear in an adolescent overhead athlete along with the rarity of surgical intervention in this population. This case further outlines the success of surgical management following the use of a multi-phased rehabilitation program, allowing the athlete to safely return to sport.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"706-715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Median Nerve.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.136985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The median nerve is a crucial structure in the forearm and wrist, responsible for motor and sensory functions. Accurate diagnosis of nerve injury is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the gold standard for nerve assessment, diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSK ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating median nerve pathology, including carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), nerve entrapment, and traumatic nerve injuries. This article reviews the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the median nerve injury, including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for professional rehabilitation. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"756-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Deceleration Dilemma: Leveraging The Relationship Between Quadriceps Function and Deceleration to Optimize Return to Sport.","authors":"Steven Higbie, Christopher Gallina, Russ Paine, Lane Bailey, Walter R Lowe","doi":"10.26603/001c.137030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.137030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decelerations frequently occur during sport and are often associated with non-contact knee injury mechanisms. Though decelerations place a high eccentric demand on the quadriceps, little is known about the relationship between quadriceps function and deceleration performance. Traditional functional testing batteries often over-estimate quadriceps function and lack assessments of deceleration performance, while current deceleration testing is often heavily reliant on technology and performed at shallow angles. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to describe the relationship between deceleration and quadriceps function, suggest two clinical tests to assess deceleration performance, and provide exercise suggestions for improving deceleration performance. The authors believe that assessing a deceleration task and a single leg retro hop may be a viable alternative for assessing the quadriceps when isokinetic or isometric testing may not be available. Level of Evidence: 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"762-765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Figure-Eight Taping Technique for Managing Anterior Shoulder Instability in a Recreational Pitcher: A Case Report.","authors":"Masashi Kawabata, Toru Miyata, Kazuma Miyatake","doi":"10.26603/001c.136406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Shoulder instability, particularly in overhead athletes, such as baseball pitchers, poses significant challenges in management, often leading to chronic pain and functional impairment. This case report describes the immediate and sustained effects of a novel figure-eight taping technique for a recreational baseball player with shoulder instability.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 41-year-old male had been unable to pitch for six years due to progressive shoulder pain, significantly impacting his daily life. The clinical examination revealed severe pain localized to the rotator cuff interval and posterior shoulder, with marked limitations in range of motion and muscle strength. Ultrasound imaging confirmed significant anterior shoulder instability, characterized by anterior subluxation of the humeral head and inflammation around Bennett's lesion.</p><p><strong>Intervention and discussion: </strong>A novel figure-eight taping technique was used to control shoulder anterior instability while maintaining functional alignment. The intervention resulted in immediate improvement in neuromuscular control and significantly reduced pain, with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores improving to 1-3 out of 10. Moreover, the subject could perform painless and smooth pitching motions immediately after the intervention. Remarkably, the subject pitched from 18.44 meters at 85% intensity on the same day. Four months later, the subject successfully returned to competitive pitching, achieving a maximum pitch speed of 115 km/h with minimal pain (NRS, 3/10). The subject continued to practice independently, adhering to the rotator cuff exercises and pitching form corrections that occurred with the taping intervention. Notably, the positive effects of taping and exercises persisted even eight months after the intervention, underscoring the potential of this technique as a valuable non-invasive treatment option within conservative management strategies for shoulder anterior instability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The figure-eight taping technique demonstrated potential as an effective non-invasive option for managing anterior shoulder instability, supporting sustained pain relief and functional recovery.</p><p><strong>Evidence level: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"741-748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Have the Power-Rate Capabilities of Skeletal Muscles Received the Attention They Deserve? A Historical Perspective.","authors":"James J Perrine","doi":"10.26603/001c.136971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.136971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary addresses a consequential, core, rate factor in muscle contractions. In 1960, an isokinetic-loading dynamometer was invented to assess that rate. A 1978 muscle force and power-velocity study using it, showed that the power-rate capability of a muscle group can be determined - when a sufficient loading velocity and force-development time are provided. Newton's laws represent how existing forces can put yielding bodies in motion, thereby gaining mechanical energy, as well as how such forces first develop. Many of the ideas in this commentary are based on those laws of physics: a) all force developments in muscle contractions result from interactions of the mechanical energy - first converted from chemical energy within muscles' tiny contractile cells - with loading bodies encountered both within and outside muscles; b) the rate at which that mechanical energy is first generated, in turn determines the rate at which requisite, timely forces develop against submaximal, functional loads and c) the composite contractile power-rate attained by muscle groups, under conventional free-weight loading, may be significantly restricted by an unrecognized, acceleration-triggered, neural mechanism. Two other isokinetic-loading training devices were invented, which were designed to help people regain an ability to ambulate and/or improve their physical fitness - in both cases via suitably elevated muscle power-rates. The purpose of this commentary is to draw attention to muscles' functionally important, contractile power-rate capabilities, and to physical evidence of the ways they are apparently neurally restricted, so they can be reliably tested, and if found deficient, adequately improved, particularly by Sports PTs and ATCs. Level of Evidence: 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 5","pages":"749-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Hand-Held Dynamometer in Measuring Gluteal Muscle Rate of Torque Development and Peak Torque: Push and Pull Configurations.","authors":"Takhyun Yoo, Sungwan Kim, Julie P Burland, Neal R Glaviano","doi":"10.26603/001c.133550","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.133550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Belt-stabilized handheld dynamometers (HHD) assess hip rate of torque development (RTD) and strength in research and clinical practice. However, the reliability of HHD with push and pull configurations to measure hip muscles RTD and peak torque is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>To determine the intra- and inter-reliability of HHD utilizing push and pull configurations to measure hip abduction and extension early (0-100ms) and late (100-200ms) phases RTD and peak torque. We hypothesized HHD with both configurations would be reliable for measuring hip extension and abduction RTD and peak torque.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy adults (10 females) performed three consecutive maximal isometric contraction trials of hip abduction and extension, utilizing an HHD with push and pull configurations by two raters. Each rater's average early and late phases RTD and peak torque of hip abduction and extension were utilized for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-rater reliability of hip abduction with push and pull configurations ranged moderate-to-good for early and late RTD phases (push: ICC2,1=0.61-0.88; pull: ICC2,1=0.59-0.75). Peak hip abduction torque showed good reliability in both configurations (ICC2,1≥0.79). Hip extension ranged moderate-to-good reliability for early and late RTD phases in push configuration (ICC2,1=0.72-0.87), with good-to-excellent reliability in pull (ICC2,1=0.77-0.91). Peak hip extension torque showed moderate-to-excellent reliability for push configuration (ICC2,1=0.73-0.92) and excellent reliability for pull (ICC2,1≥0.91). Inter-rater reliability for hip abduction showed moderate in push (ICC3,k≥0.72) and good in pull (ICC3,k≥0.78) configurations for both RTD phases, while hip extension showed good reliability in push (ICC3,k≥0.82) and excellent reliability in pull (ICC3,k≥0.95) configurations. Peak torque showed good reliability for hip abduction (ICC3,k≥0.83) and excellent reliability for extension (ICC3,k≥0.94) in both configurations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HHD with push and pull configurations is a reliable and cost-effective method for assessing RTD and strength of hip abductors and extensors in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"595-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinically Feasible Quantitative Assessments of Dynamic Scapular Motion: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Will Pitt, Michael S Crowell, John S Mason, Mark D Thelen","doi":"10.26603/001c.133522","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.133522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scapular kinematics and stabilization are crucial for optimal upper extremity function. Disruptions in normal scapular motion, also rereferred to as dyskinesis, are associated with injuries like subacromial impingement and glenohumeral instability. Clinically feasible methods to assess dynamic scapular motion are essential for accurate diagnosis and rehabilitation but remain limited in both reliability and functionality.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically identify and summarize the existing literature on clinically feasible quantitative methods that assess active dynamic scapular motion in at least one plane. It seeks to identify tools, technologies, and protocols used in clinical settings, highlighting gaps in current research.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Scoping Review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies that utilized clinically feasible methods to assess scapular motion in at least one plane, and with continuous motion or at least two actively achieved and maintained positions (dynamic), were included. Data were extracted regarding instrument types, measurement methods, dynamic motions assessed, and reliability/validity results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 62 studies meeting inclusion criteria, digital inclinometers were the most frequently used tools, followed by gravity inclinometers and measuring tapes. Scapular upward rotation was the most commonly assessed motion, with a majority of studies focusing on static or basic dynamic tasks rather than functional or sport-specific activities. Validity results varied, with moderate to strong correlations in some tools, but reliability was inconsistent, particularly in dynamic settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinically feasible methods for assessing dynamic scapular motion exist, but their reliability and ability to capture continuous motion during functional movements are limited. Further research is needed to develop tools that can assess scapular motion during dynamic, multi-planar, and functional tasks, enhancing clinical decision-making for injury prevention and rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"487-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}