International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Elite Figure Skaters Return to Sport Strategy Following Sports-Related Concussion: A Clinical Commentary.","authors":"Brittani Freund, Gretchen Mohney","doi":"10.26603/001c.142486","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) developed the 6th Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport following the international conference held in Amsterdam in 2022. Their published statement provides recommendations and an updated Return to Sport (RTS) Strategy that can be adapted for different sports/disciplines. # Description Given the unique demands of figure skating-such as high-speed spins, jumps, inversions, and overhead lifts-this clinical commentary offers sport-specific guidance for healthcare practitioners (HCPs) managing elite figure skaters recovering from sports-related concussions (SRC). This adaptation focuses on reintroduction timing of vertical, rotational, and inversion elements. Further considerations regarding elite athletes and factors impacting recovery are also provided. While scientific evidence of SRCs continues to evolve, these recommendations were derived from the current and available research. # Clinical Relevance Given the complexity of figure skating and variability amongst multiple disciplines, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide recommendations and examples of how to apply the current RTS strategy to elite figure skaters following a SRC. # Level of Evidence 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1256-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Brachialis.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.142362","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior upper arm is composed of the biceps brachii, the coracobrachialis and the brachialis muscles. Collectively, these 3 muscles flex the elbow. The brachialis is known as the workhorse of the elbow as it functions the same despite rotation of the forearm due to its distal attachment on the ulna. The brachialis sits anatomically directly dorsal to the biceps brachii. Although brachialis muscle injuries are rare, they can occur from either contusions or from repetitive overuse. Diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSK ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating brachialis injuries including tissue hypertrophy or structural changes and damage in the upper and anterior forearm. MSK ultrasound is adept at detecting changes in tendon tissue composition and integrity. Furthermore, this manuscript will review the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the brachialis muscle including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for professional rehabilitation. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, enhance diagnostic confidence, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies to optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1286-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pharmacological Treatment on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and Allergic Inflammatory Response in Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Ronaldo Aparecido da Silva, Renata Nakata Teixeira, Gerson Dos Santos Leite, Rosana C Agondi, Renata Gorjão, Cristina Maria Kokron, Yara Nely Fiks, Celso Ricardo Fernandes Carvalho","doi":"10.26603/001c.141859","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endurance athletes (EA) with lung disease and allergic inflammation have worse performance.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine whether pharmacological treatment can reduce airway disorders such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and allergic inflammatory response (AIR) in EA.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, controlled clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EA who were marathon runners underwent eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) for screening assessment. EA who fulfilled the criteria for an EIB+ after an EVH were included in the treatment group (EIB+; n=13), and those who did not were included in the control group (CON; n=18). The athletes were assessed before and 30 days after the intervention. Outcomes included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, lung function, allergic symptoms (allergic questionnaire for athletes [AQUA©]), AIR (T helper [Th]-1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes in cell cultures), inflammatory mediator expression, salivary immunoglobulin (Ig)A, blood cortisol, blood IgE levels, and airway inflammation (fraction exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]). Both groups were advised to keep the same training routine, and only the EIB+ received pharmacological treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (400-800 mcg/day) and long-acting bronchodilators (12 mcg/day). The CON and EIB+ groups underwent the same assessments after the intervention and were compared pre- and post-intervention, and effect sizes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EIB+ (males, age 28.1±7.4 years, BMI 20.3±1.0 kg/m2) CON (males, age 29.8±6.5 years, BMI 20.5±1.6 kg/m2) participated. At baseline, the O2 peak, lung function, allergic symptoms, IgE, IgA, FeNO levels, and AIR were not significancly different between groups (p>0.05). After pharmacological treatment, only the EIB+ group showed a decrease in EIB (p<0.001) and an increase in VO2peak compared to baseline (p<0.05). However, no difference was observed in the expression of inflammatory mediators (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacological treatment reduces EIB and increases the aerobic perforance/fitness in endurance athletes. These benefits occur without modification of the AIR.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level II- Prospective Comparative Study.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1222-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between-Day Reliability of Kinematic Variables Using Markerless Motion Capture for Single-Leg Squat and Single-Leg Landing Tasks.","authors":"Matias Yoma, Lee Herrington, Chelsea Starbuck, Luis Llurda, Richard Jones","doi":"10.26603/001c.141870","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Markerless motion capture has the potential to repeatedly collect biomechanical data during activities associated with injuries. Few studies have assessed the reliability of this technology during single-leg tasks.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary aim was to examine the between-day reliability of trunk and lower limb kinematics during single-leg squat and single-leg landing tasks using markerless motion capture. The secondary aim was to examine the between-day reliability of the same protocol using marker-based motion capture.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen recreational athletes performed all tasks in two sessions, one week apart. Joint angles of trunk, hip, knee, and ankle were processed using Theia3D. A separate study (10 different participants) evaluated the reliability of marker-based motion capture. In both technologies, full curve analysis was examined using root mean square difference (RMSD) and discrete point analysis (initial contact and peak knee flexion) using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was also used for full curve analysis in markerless motion capture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For full curve analysis, markerless motion capture demonstrated low mean RMSD for all joints and planes in both SLS (3.6˚±1.3˚) and landing tasks (forward=3.2˚±1.3˚; medial=3.4˚±1.7˚). SPM showed statistical difference for bilateral hip flexion (full curve) and unilateral hip adduction, rotation, and knee flexion during a percentage of landing tasks. For discrete point analysis, ICC mean indicated moderate to good reliability (SLS= 0.77; forward landing= 0.83; medial landing= 0.80) with low mean SEM values (SLS=3.1°±1.3˚; forward landing=2.3˚±0.9°; medial landing=2.3˚±0.8˚). Marker-based motion capture showed slightly higher mean RMSD (SLS=4.2˚±1.8˚; forward landing=3.5˚±1.0˚; medial landing=3.3˚±0.9) and SEM values (SLS=4.1˚±2.2˚; forward landing=2.7˚±1.2°; medial landing=2.8˚±1.2˚). ICC mean showed good relative reliability (SLS=0.90; forward landing=0.88; medial landing=0.88). Hip flexion presented values >5° across tasks and technologies (RMSD and SEM= 5° to 8°).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Markerless motion capture using Theia3D can reliably measure single-leg tasks with measurement errors comparable to marker-based motion capture. The low measurement error provides confidence for the regular monitoring of athletes during single-leg tasks.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1160-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elite Tennis Players with a Weak Rotator Cuff: The Paradox of Infraspinatus Atrophy - A Clinical Commentary and Practical Approach.","authors":"Yannick Lambrecht, Leon Philipp Knoche, Lukas Höller","doi":"10.26603/001c.142211","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infraspinatus atrophy (IA) is a prevalent but often overlooked condition in elite tennis players, resulting from suprascapular nerve (SN) dysfunction due to repetitive traction or compression. While many athletes maintain normal biomechanics through compensatory mechanisms, these adaptations can lead to kinetic chain imbalances, increasing the risk of secondary injuries. Early detection is crucial to preventing long-term structural changes. Diagnosis involves visual inspection, palpation, and functional tests, though ultrasound imaging offers a more objective assessment of infraspinatus muscle thickness. Conservative treatment aims to restore mobility, strength, and neuromuscular control. Athletes should initially avoid aggravating movements before gradually reintroducing overhead activity. Preventing posterior capsule stiffness through targeted stretching reduces SN compression risk, while nerve gliding exercises enhance mobility. Strengthening programs should prioritize controlled eccentric loading of the infraspinatus and scapular control exercises to improve stability and reduce compensatory strain on surrounding muscles. Preventive strategies are similar to rehabilitation approaches and should be incorporated into training routines, particularly for young athletes. Structured progression in strength training and workload management is essential to prepare the shoulder for high-impact movements like serving. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between IA and athletic performance, including serve speed and injury risk. This clinical commentary presents a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of IA in elite tennis players. # Level of Evidence 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1272-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proprioception and Central Nervous Excitability: Implications for Return-to-Play in Athletes with Ligament or Meniscal Injuries.","authors":"Yumi Okayama, Shinichi Daikuya","doi":"10.26603/001c.142068","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>While indicators such as joint stability, range of motion, and muscle strength are critical for assessing readiness to return to sports, athletes may still face challenges even when these benchmarks are met. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between sports injury history or return-to-play status and central nervous system excitability during muscle output adjustments, and to investigate the characteristics of evoked EMG during torque maintenance as a potential indicator for assessing readiness to return to sport.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case control, observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one female university basketball players participated, including athletes with and without a history of surgery. Participants were eligible if they had no current injuries. Those with a history of surgery had completed rehabilitation and were cleared for return to play. Subjects were instructed to maintain 25% of maximum effort of voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension and the torque, long-latency reflexes (LLR) were recorded. Torque maintenance was assessed under two conditions: visual feedback and verbal instructions. Frequency of LLR appearance, and an average of latency, duration, amplitude ratio, and number of phases were calculated. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests between the dominant and non-dominant legs, and in participants with a history of injury, comparisons were also made between the injured and non-injured legs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The visual feedback condition led to finer motor adjustments in uninjured knees compared to verbal feedback. For injured knees, the amplitude ratio of LLR was significantly higher with visual feedback, indicating increased central nervous system excitability. Athletes who had not returned to sports displayed greater torque fluctuation and lower LLR amplitudes, suggesting inadequate fine motor control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that visual feedback enhances motor adjustments in athletes with previous injuries, indicating heightened reliance on central nervous functions.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1122-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running Retraining Technique and Neuromuscular Exercises in Runners with Patellofemoral Pain: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Miguel Farraj, Thomas Guilhem, Joachim Van Cant, Alexandre Rambaud","doi":"10.26603/001c.141861","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When treating runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP), clinicians aim to reduce patients' symptoms, such as pain and discomfort. Running retraining techniques (RRT) and neuromuscular exercises (NME) are key interventions to achieve these goals.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review examined the use of RRT and NME, either combined or standalone, in runners with PFP.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases searched included MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Two researchers independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-SCR framework, using population, concept, and context criteria. The population included recreational to professional runners over 18 years with PFP, excluding those involved in any sport other than running., as well as those with prior knee surgeries, the history or presence of other knee pathologies, or pediatric populations. The review focused on studies utilizing NME or RRT for PFP treatment, adhering to ACSM guidelines and excluding studies only providing study protocols. Exercise reporting was assessed using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template. NME protocols were analyzed using the FITT framework (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type). RRT protocols were evaluated by session frequency, start timing, clinician input, cadence, feedback, footwear use, speed changes, self-rehabilitation, and progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies were reviewed. The timing and complementarity of RRT with NME were often absent or poorly defined. NME mainly focused on single-leg squats in seven protocols, with forward lunges, step-downs, and trunk-rotating squats in three studies each. These exercises emphasized trunk inclination and gluteal activation, with variations in feedback, sets, reps, and progression. RRT treatment ranged from a single 10-minute retraining session to 12 weekly sessions. Cadence increase was addressed in six studies, dynamic valgus in four, with most feedback being auditory/visual. Minimalist shoes were used in two studies, and three standardized running speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A notable variability exists in interventions for PFP in runners, especially in the timing and complementarity of RRT and NME. A standardized reporting system is needed to better analyze study protocol implementation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1107-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Maturity Status, Landing Force, and Jump Performance in Adolescent Male Soccer Players.","authors":"Takahiro Namiki, Mina Samukawa, Eri Takagi, Tomoya Ishida, Mario Bizzini, Naoto Kyotani, Miho Komatsuzaki, Ginji Nara, Yuta Koshino, Satoshi Kasahara, Harukazu Tohyama","doi":"10.26603/001c.142237","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maturity status varies among adolescents of the same age, making age an unreliable indicator. Although maturity status affects movement patterns, differences in landing force and jump performance among maturity groups remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>This study compared landing force and jump performance during drop vertical jump in adolescent male soccer players based on classifications by maturity status and age. A hypothesis was formulated that landing force would be greater during the period of peak height velocity (PHV) and jump performance higher in the post-PHV group, showing clearer differences than age.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five male soccer players (13.5 ± 0.9 years) were grouped by maturity status (pre-, circa-, and post-PHV), and by age. Landing forces (peak vertical ground reaction force [PVGRF], time to PVGRF, and loading rate) and jump performance (jump height, contact time, reactive strength index [RSI], PVGRF, and power) were measured using a force plate. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to detect group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Landing forces showed no significant differences among maturity groups (PVGRF: <i>p</i> = 0.190; time to PVGRF: <i>p</i> = 0.122; and loading rate: <i>p</i> = 0.255). Jump height was greater in post-PHV (32.87 ± 4.18 cm) than in pre-PHV (25.17 ± 4.85 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.001). RSI was higher in post- (1.33 ± 0.31 m/s) than in pre- (1.00 ± 0.29 m/s, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and circa-PHV groups (1.02 ± 0.23 m/s, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Power was greater in post- (40.40 ± 6.31 W/kg) than in pre- (33.15 ± 7.78 W/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.045) and circa-PHV groups (33.59 ± 5.50 W/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.037). Age-related differences were found only in jump height (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maturity status classification detected significant group differences in jump height, RSI, and power, but age classification only detected a significant group difference in jump height.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1131-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological and Physical Predictors of Perceived Effort in Elastic Band Training: A Velocity-Based Approach.","authors":"Juan C Colado, Javier Gene-Morales, Pablo Jiménez-Martínez, Raouf Hammami, Alvaro Juesas, Carlos Babiloni-Lopez","doi":"10.26603/001c.142236","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>Monitoring intensity during elastic resistance training in velocity-based training (VBT) is challenging in clinical and field settings due to the lack of validated, practical tools. This study aimed to determine whether the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale for elastic bands (OMNI-RES EB) is an appropriate tool for monitoring exercise intensity during squats performed at maximal intended velocity and with a 10% velocity loss during elastic resistance training within a VBT framework.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Quasi-experimental cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four physically active individuals (8 women, 16 men; 23.54±3.18 years; 23.47±2.37 kg/m²; body fat %: 14.11±5.29%; 1RM: 102.73±26.16 kg) completed two sessions of four sets of squats (40%, 55%, 70%, 85%, 100% 1RM, random order) using EB. Participants were specifically instructed to perform each repetition at their maximum intended velocity. Sets were stopped at 10% velocity loss. Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) was measured during the first and last repetitions using a linear velocity transducer. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) obtained from the OMNI-RES EB was recorded immediately after the first and last repetitions. Load, heart rate, and repetitions were recorded at each set's end. Outcome measures were analyzed by sex, physical activity level, and relative strength. Effect sizes were calculated, and internal consistency was also explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All concurrent variables, including RPE, varied significantly among %1RM. Physical activity and sex did not influence RPE. Significant differences in first-repetition RPE were found at 55%, 85%, and 100% 1RM between normal and high relative strength participants. Internal consistency analysis showed good to excellent relative reliability and acceptable absolute reliability. The MPV-RPE correlation was r = -0.76.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>First-repetition RPE using the OMNI-RES EB is a reliable, cost-effective method for monitoring velocity-based training with EB, comparable to linear velocity transducers.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1232-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Internal and External Shoulder Load, Pre-season Strength and Power, with Shoulder Problems in Female Handball Players.","authors":"Kari Arnason, Erla Asgeirsdottir, Unnar Arnarsson, Atli Agustsson, Kristin Briem","doi":"10.26603/001c.142239","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injuries often result from an interaction between load and intrinsic risk factors, with female handball players demonstrating higher prevalence of shoulder problems compared to males. While shoulder rotation strength deficits are recognized as risk factors, the influence of lower body strength (LBS), trunk rotation power (TRP), and the relative importance of internal versus external load on shoulder problems in female handball players remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess whether pre-season LBS, TRP, and shoulder strength were associated with shoulder problems in female handball players, and whether pre-season strength and power influenced the association between load and shoulder problems.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-season LBS (Isometric Mid-thigh Pull), TRP (measured while seated) and isometric external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) shoulder strength were measured (31 female handball players). Prevalence, substantial prevalence, and severity of shoulder problems were documented weekly through one season (29 weeks) via the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Questionnaire. Participation-related (internal) shoulder load (PSL) was documented weekly with the modified Borg rate of perceived exertion and the number of shots taken during the season documented to reflect external load. Data was analyzed using the Spearman´s correlation coefficient and a mixed model ANOVA (separate mixed model ANOVAs were constructed for each pre-season variable).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one players (mean age 23.5 +/- 4.6 years) participated. For all mixed model ANOVAs, higher PSL was associated with higher severity score (F range: 31.1-39.9, p<0.001). Significant positive interactions were found between PSL and pre-season TRP (p=0.001), LBS (p<0.001), and ER strength (p=0.01) in terms of their influence on the severity score. High pre-season LBS and ER strength were correlated with prevalence of substantial shoulder problems (r_s=0.40, r_s=0.38, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The positive association between pre-season strength and power, and shoulder problems, highlights the complexity of shoulder problems in female handball players.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1203-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}