Association Between Maturity Status, Landing Force, and Jump Performance in Adolescent Male Soccer Players.

IF 2.1 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy Pub Date : 2025-08-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.26603/001c.142237

Takahiro Namiki, Mina Samukawa, Eri Takagi, Tomoya Ishida, Mario Bizzini, Naoto Kyotani, Miho Komatsuzaki, Ginji Nara, Yuta Koshino, Satoshi Kasahara, Harukazu Tohyama

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Abstract

Background: Maturity status varies among adolescents of the same age, making age an unreliable indicator. Although maturity status affects movement patterns, differences in landing force and jump performance among maturity groups remain unclear.

Hypothesis/purpose: This study compared landing force and jump performance during drop vertical jump in adolescent male soccer players based on classifications by maturity status and age. A hypothesis was formulated that landing force would be greater during the period of peak height velocity (PHV) and jump performance higher in the post-PHV group, showing clearer differences than age.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Forty-five male soccer players (13.5 ± 0.9 years) were grouped by maturity status (pre-, circa-, and post-PHV), and by age. Landing forces (peak vertical ground reaction force [PVGRF], time to PVGRF, and loading rate) and jump performance (jump height, contact time, reactive strength index [RSI], PVGRF, and power) were measured using a force plate. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to detect group differences.

Results: Landing forces showed no significant differences among maturity groups (PVGRF: p = 0.190; time to PVGRF: p = 0.122; and loading rate: p = 0.255). Jump height was greater in post-PHV (32.87 ± 4.18 cm) than in pre-PHV (25.17 ± 4.85 cm, p = 0.001). RSI was higher in post- (1.33 ± 0.31 m/s) than in pre- (1.00 ± 0.29 m/s, p = 0.024) and circa-PHV groups (1.02 ± 0.23 m/s, p = 0.021). Power was greater in post- (40.40 ± 6.31 W/kg) than in pre- (33.15 ± 7.78 W/kg, p = 0.045) and circa-PHV groups (33.59 ± 5.50 W/kg, p = 0.037). Age-related differences were found only in jump height (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Maturity status classification detected significant group differences in jump height, RSI, and power, but age classification only detected a significant group difference in jump height.

Level of evidence: 3.

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青少年男子足球运动员成熟状态、着陆力与跳跃表现的关系

背景：同龄青少年的成熟状态各不相同，使年龄成为一个不可靠的指标。虽然成熟状态会影响运动模式，但不同成熟群体在落地力和跳跃性能上的差异尚不清楚。假设/目的：本研究比较了青少年男子足球运动员在落体垂跳时的着陆力和起跳表现，并以成熟状态和年龄为分类。假设峰值高度速度（peak height velocity， PHV）后组在峰值高度速度（peak height velocity， PHV）期间着陆力更大，跳跃性能更高，且差异比年龄更明显。研究设计：横断面研究。方法：对45名年龄为13.5±0.9岁的男子足球运动员按发育状态（phv前、phv前后、phv后）和年龄进行分组。使用测力板测量着陆力（峰值垂直地面反力[PVGRF]、到达PVGRF的时间和加载率）和跳跃性能（跳跃高度、接触时间、反应强度指数[RSI]、PVGRF和功率）。采用单因素方差分析检测组间差异。结果：各成熟度组间登陆力差异无统计学意义(PVGRF: p = 0.190；PVGRF时间：p = 0.122；加载率：p = 0.255)。phv后患者的跳高（32.87±4.18 cm）高于phv前患者（25.17±4.85 cm, p = 0.001）。术后RSI（1.33±0.31 m/s）高于术前（1.00±0.29 m/s, p = 0.024）和前后（1.02±0.23 m/s, p = 0.021）。功率（40.40±6.31 W/kg）大于前（33.15±7.78 W/kg, p = 0.045）和前后（33.59±5.50 W/kg, p = 0.037）组。年龄相关的差异仅存在于跳跃高度（p < 0.001）。结论：成熟状态分类在跳高、RSI、力量上有显著组间差异，年龄分类仅在跳高上有显著组间差异。证据等级：3。

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