International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Single-Leg Wall Squat Test: An Assessment of Functional Lower Extremity Endurance in University Students.","authors":"B J Lehecka, Jordan Black, Jacob Jindra, Carlisle McCloud, Christopher Pummell","doi":"10.26603/001c.142063","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The single-leg wall squat (SLWS) has the potential to be used as a functional test to assess lower extremity muscular endurance. While previous research has explored its muscular activation patterns, its relationship with isolated muscle strength and potential sex-specific responses remains under-investigated.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the descriptive statistics of the SLWS and the correlation between handheld dynamometry (HHD) measures of hip and knee strength and SLWS test performance. Secondary aims included the investigation of potential sex differences in SLWS test performance and associated physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy university students (13 female, 17 male) aged 18-30 years participated. Maximal isometric strength of the dominant leg's hip extensors, abductors, and knee extensors was measured using HHD. Participants then performed a SLWS test on the dominant leg to volitional failure, with repetitions counted and perceived exertion (RPE) assessed. Heart rate was monitored and reasons for test termination were recorded. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all measures. Pearson correlations assessed relationships between isometric strength and single-leg wall squat repetitions, while independent samples t-tests compared measures between sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average SLWS test performance was 76.2 ± 35.2 repetitions. Average heart rate and RPE post-SLWS were 146.3 ± 17.1 bpm and 8.3 ± 1.2 out of 10, respectively. SLWS test performance was not significantly correlated with HHD measures. No significant sex differences were observed in SLWS performance, although they were observed for HHD measures and RPE. Gluteus maximus fatigue was the most commonly reported reason for test termination (41.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SLWS test demonstrated potential as a functional endurance assessment, eliciting moderate-to-high physiological strain. However, performance did not correlate with isolated muscle strength, suggesting the test captures a complex interplay of factors beyond isolated muscle function. No sex differences were observed in SLWS performance. Further research is needed to explore the test's validity and sensitivity to changes in lower extremity function.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1198-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of the Main 2D Kinematic Variables of Running Evaluated Categorically in Amateur Runners, Aged 18 to 55 Years.","authors":"Annie V Stappung, Paulina M Espinoza, Matilda J Letelier, Felipe H Palma","doi":"10.26603/001c.142061","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Running offers numerous health benefits, yet the prevalence of running-related injuries remains perfect. Evaluating running biomechanics through kinematic variables has gained attention due to their association with injuries. Currently, 3D video analysis is considered the gold standard, however, its complexity and cost limit widespread use. Consequently, 2D kinematic analysis using standard cameras has become popular, although research on its reliability is lacking. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the main kinematic variables of running, assessed categorically using 2D video analysis, in amateur runners aged 18 to 55 years.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A cross-sectional analytical observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three amateur runners aged 18-55 underwent evaluation. Reflective markers were placed on key anatomical landmarks of the dominant lower limb to enhance motion tracking in 2D video recordings from sagittal and posterior frontal planes. The videos were analyzed by three independent raters: a consensus group (four persons), a separate physical therapist, and an athletic trainer. Pairwise inter-rater agreement was assessed among all three raters using the Kappa coefficient. Nine categorical kinematic variables related to running biomechanics were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The variables that presented the greater concordance were the foot progression angle (K 0.847, 0.654, 0.792), heel whip (K 0.780, 0.847, 0.835), knee window (K 0.847, 0.847, 0.835) and overstriding (K 0.920, 0.780, 0.857). The variables with the lowest concordance were pelvic drop (K 0.257, 0.047, 0.597) and hindfoot eversion (K 0.604, 0.236, 0.604). Perfect concordance was obtained in seven of the nine variables between the consensus group and the physical therapist.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>2D kinematic analysis exhibited promising reliability for specific running variables, suggesting its potential in clinical settings. However, its effectiveness depends on both the evaluated variables and the expertise of the evaluators.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1176-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Brazilian Under-19 Volleyball Team Athletes: Anthropometry, Jump Performance, Stiffness and Pre-Stretch Augmentation Percentage.","authors":"Guilherme Berriel, Ananda Silveira Cardoso, Maria Eduarda Cavagni, Luiz Fernando Kruel, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga","doi":"10.26603/001c.141857","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) influence is well determined on jump performance in adult professional volleyball, the influence of this mechanism on jump in volleyball players in the development phase is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthropometric profile, jump performance, stiffness and pre-stretch augmentation percentage (PSAP) in Brazilian under-19 volleyball team athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine male volleyball athletes who were members of the Brazilian under-19 volleyball team were recruited. Squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed followed the protocol suggested by Bosco et al. on a contact mat, along with the determination of lower limb stiffness and PSAP. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects were 18.2±0.5 years (Body mass: 87.59±10.93 kg, height: 195.75±9.21 cm.) The mean results included stiffness 0.43±0.15 N.m-1.kg-1, CMJ height 39.9±5.21 cm, SJ height 41.99±5.7 cm, and PSAP 5.22±3.18 %.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The anthropometric profile results highlight the inclusion of athletes of large stature for volleyball, and that SJ and CMJ values are still below those found in adult athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brazilian athletes from the under-19 national team show potential for improvement in the efficiency of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), as indicated by the PSAP values.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1152-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Eccentric Strength Profile of the Hamstrings Determine the Severity of Injury Sustained?","authors":"David Rhodes, Jill Alexander, Ryland Morgans, Mike Beere","doi":"10.26603/001c.142375","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.142375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Understanding how strength profiles of footballers effect the extent or location of injury sustained is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eccentric hamstrings strength (EHS), on the resultant injury sustained, graded utilizing the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification, diagnosed via MRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EHS of 95 professional footballers were assessed on match-day minus two (MD-2) and plus two (MD+2). Participants completed three maximal repetitions of the bilateral Nordic hamstring exercises. Metrics included Peak Force (PF), Peak Torque (PkT), Average Force (AvF), Average Torque (AvT), Maximum Impulse (MI), Impulse Symmetry (IS), PF symmetry (PFS), PkT symmetry (PkTS) and relative strength (RS). Profiles were identified in relation to the date the injury was sustained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EHS across all metrics with the exemption of PkT, had no effect on injury grade, site or playing level. Tendon injuries were the most frequently occurring injury location, specifically grade 3c. Athlete strength had no effect on whether an injury was sustained or grade of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of tendon related injury is high within this study population and may be a result of the physical strength of the muscle tissue, combined with game play demands, exposing the tendon to greater forces, thus heightening the extent of injury sustained. Level of Evidence - 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 8","pages":"1142-1151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Effects of Local Theragun™ Application: An Observational Study in Healthy Female Participants.","authors":"Ron Clijsen, Livia Freitag, Erich Hohenauer, Giannina Bianchi","doi":"10.26603/001c.141342","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the clinical effects of localized percussive therapy (PT) are well-documented, studies investigating the underlying physiological mechanisms remain scarce. # Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the changes and time course of local skin temperature (Tskin), deep tissue perfusion (erythrocyte flow velocity [speed] and deep tissue blood flow [flux]), and muscle oxygenation (SmO2) after a standardized 4-minute treatment with a TheragunTM of the vastus medialis muscle of healthy women. # Study design Descriptive Laboratory Study. # Methods Tskin, speed, flux and SmO2 were measured in the treated area in 26 healthy female participants at baseline and following a 4-minute TheragunTM application, with recordings taken at 5-minute intervals for up to 50 minutes post-application. Additionally, Tskin was also measured on the control leg. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess temporal changes and differences between the treated and control conditions. # Results Following the Theragun™ treatment, significant increases were observed in the treated area at all time points for Tskin (p < 0.001), speed (p < 0.001), flux (p < 0.001), and SmO2 (p < 0.05) compared to baseline. Tskin (mean change of 3.76 °C) and SmO2 (mean change of 5.78%) reached their highest values at five minutes post-treatment (t5), whereas speed (mean change of 23.79 arbitrary units [AU]) and flux (mean change of 115.66 AU) peaked immediately (t0) after the application. Tskin on the control leg also differed significantly across all time intervals compared to baseline (p < 0.05), peaking at t30 (mean change 0.64°C). # Conclusion A 4-minute localized Theragun™ application enhances physiological responses in cutaneous, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues. It increases skin temperature and improves deep tissue blood flow, red blood cell movement, and muscle oxygenation. These findings highlight the impact of TheragunTM on deep tissue layers, offering valuable insights into the physiological mechanisms of PT. The results support the potential for its use in optimising athletic performance and recovery through enhanced blood flow and muscle oxygenation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1018-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment Methods of Sport-Induced Neuromuscular Fatigue: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jose L Muñoz-Gracia, Eduard Alentorn-Geli, Martí Casals, Timothy E Hewett, Ernest Baiget","doi":"10.26603/001c.141230","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) has been defined as the exercise-induced performance decrease associated with muscular activity. # Purpose The primary aim was to identify the available evidence regarding the testing tasks used to assess NMF in the lower limbs and to determine the most commonly used test in specific sports. The secondary aim was to group the tests found according to the type of sport. # Study Design Scoping review. # Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SportDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Search terms were \"neuromuscular fatigue\" and (\"test\" or \"tests\" or \"testing task\" or \"task\"). Studies that analyzed healthy humans, voluntary contractions, and participants under 50 years old were included. Studies in which the main focus was not NMF, the lower limbs were not analyzed, the knee joint was not involved, the pre-post analysis of fatigue was not used, or there was no sport fatigue protocol between tests were excluded. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. # Results A total of 97 studies were included. Most of these included males (68.0%) and professional athletes in their samples (46.4%) . The data most commonly studied for NMF were athletes from team sports (74.2%), specifically soccer (32.0%) and rugby (18.6%). Matches and trainings sessions were the fatiguing protocols (59.8%), whereas vertical jumps (82.5%), measured by force platforms (77.5%), was the test most commonly used. The most commonly evaluated parameters were jump height (75.0%) and peak power (41.3%). Tests varied different according to the sport, and vertical jumps (77.8%), and sprints (15.3%) were the tests most commonly used for the athletes in team sports. For athletes in individual sports, vertical jumps (72.0%) and isometric knee extension/knee flexion (24.0%) were most utilized. # Conclusions Different fatigue protocols, test tasks, materials, and variables are used to assess NMF. Veritcal jump is the most commonly utilized test task for athletes of both team and individual sports. It appears necessary to choose the most appropriate test tasks according to each type of sport.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"943-956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of a Professional Ballerina Post-Traumatic Fourth Toe Fracture: A Case Report.","authors":"Madeline G Morgan, Annemieke D Corbitt, Charlotte C Yates","doi":"10.26603/001c.140891","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dance is a complex sport with a high prevalence of associated musculoskeletal injuries, especially among ballet dancers. Acute lower extremity (LE) fractures may occur in this population due to losses of balance and landing from high impact dance skills, but there is limited current evidence detailing the physical therapy rehabilitation of such injuries. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapy management of a professional ballerina post-traumatic fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe. # Case Description The subject was a 27-year-old dancer employed by a professional ballet company. Ten months prior to her initial physical therapy evaluation, the subject landed from a leap on the lateral border of the left foot and flexed fourth and fifth toes. Plain film radiographic imaging revealed a nondisplaced fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe with a small section of avulsed bone. The avulsed bone was surgically resected eight months post-injury due to persistent pain with continued dance rehearsals. The subject was referred to outpatient physical therapy for post-operative rehabilitation and return to sport training. # Outcomes The subject attended 18 therapy visits over an eight-week period with documented improvements in ankle strength in all planes, fourth toe range of motion, and self-reported LE functional mobility with the Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log (OPTIMAL). The subject improved by 14 points on the OPTIMAL, with additional improvements reported in her tolerance of en pointe and demi pointe ballet positions. Upon discharge, she was cleared for return to full training and performance en pointe using a novel return to sport protocol for body-region specific rehabilitation for ballet dancers. # Conclusion This case report outlines the successful rehabilitation of a high-level dance professional post-traumatic toe fracture. Additional research is needed to further examine return to sport protocol and testing with ballet professionals after an acute traumatic ankle or foot fracture. # Level of Evidence 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1050-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional Baseball Pitchers Use of Weighted Ball Training, Injury Incidence, and Time Loss: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Ellen Shanley, Thomas J Noonan, Michael J Kissenberth, Daniel Kline, Charles A Thigpen, Garrett S Bullock","doi":"10.26603/001c.140886","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the injury risk associated with weighted ball use by professional baseball pitchers. The purpose of this study was to describe weighted ball training and injuries and compare injury rates between those professional pitchers using weighted ball training and those that did not use weighted ball training during the 2023 pre- and regular season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, intended as a multi-year project, serves as an interim safety analysis after one year of follow up. Pitchers underwent routine physical examination and injury screening and were surveyed about their use of weighted baseball training. Throughout spring training and the Minor League Baseball (MiLB) season, all pitchers were monitored daily for athletic exposures and injuries. The outcome of interest was non-traumatic baseball injuries to any tendon, ligament, nerve, muscle, or bone that occurs during any baseball team sponsored activity or event that was confirmed by the team athletic trainer. Injury rates per 1000 game exposures (GE) was calculated by weighted ball use and grouped by body part.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-eight pitchers were included (Weighted Ball: n = 46; No Weighted Ball: n = 42) A total of 28 injuries were reported ((Upper extremity=20 (Shoulder Injury:9; Elbow Injury 11); Trunk/Core=8; Lower Extremity=0). Pitchers that used weighted ball training suffered eight more injuries at a 1.1 greater injury rate per 1,000 athlete exposure days compared to pitchers that did not use weighted ball training. Weighted ball pitchers arm injury rate was 11.8 per 1000 GE, and no weighted ball arm injury rate was 7.5 per 1000 GE. Weighted ball pitcher trunk injury rate was 5.9 per 1000 GE, and no weighted ball trunk injury rate was 2.1 per 1000 GE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this interim safety analysis, professional pitchers that performed weighted ball training suffered from greater arm and core/trunk injuries compared to professional pitchers that did not perform weighted ball training.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"995-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Rehabilitation Following Periacetabular Osteotomy for Acetabular Dysplasia: A Qualitative Interview Study on Challenges and Opportunities among Physiotherapists in Denmark and Australia.","authors":"Julie Sandell Jacobsen, Michael J M O'Brien, Jeanette R Christensen, May Arna Risberg, Gitte H Madsen, Andrew K Wallis, Inger Mechlenburg, Joanne Kemp","doi":"10.26603/001c.140883","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) surgery provides better coverage of the femoral head and alleviates symptoms of acetabular dysplasia. While guidelines on rehabilitation following PAO exist, these guidelines may not sufficiently address the challenges and opportunities in providing rehabilitation for patients with diverse needs and goals in various healthcare contexts.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose was to investigate the perceived challenges and opportunities of various post-PAO rehabilitation approaches from the perspectives of physiotherapists in Denmark and Australia. Study design: Qualitative study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hermeneutic, phenomenological approach and semi-structured interviews were applied to explore the perspectives of 18 physiotherapists (7 males), aged 29-63 years, who rehabilitate patients with acetabular dysplasia following PAO. To ensure diversity in the characteristics of physiotherapists, purposeful sampling based on age and sex was employed. The interviews were coded and analyzed using inductive content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed three themes: \"Identifying crucial factors for successful recovery\", \"Managing the recovery process through targeted rehabilitation\", and \"Building a trustworthy relationship\". Several subthemes were identified, showing consistent patterns across countries. However, the Australian physiotherapists focused more on returning to sport and related milestones and providing structure-specific exercises. In contrast, the Danish physiotherapists emphasized addressing socioeconomic backgrounds and vulnerability among their patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The physiotherapists involved in the rehabilitation of patients with acetabular dysplasia shared common perspectives regarding post-PAO rehabilitation. However, the Australians prioritized returning to sport, while the Danes emphasized socio-economic background. This indicates an opportunity to leverage these insights by focusing on tailored rehabilitation strategies in future initiatives that accommodate patients' needs within their specific healthcare contexts, ultimately enhancing recovery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1006-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return to Sport Criteria and Outcomes in Javelin Athletes Following Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Stuart Wallace, Jacob Ober, Laurie Devaney","doi":"10.26603/001c.141277","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are common among javelin throwers and surgical intervention is the preferred treatment method. Universally accepted javelin-specific return-to-sport (RTS) guidelines would benefit healthcare providers in returning athletes safely to the sport.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To systematically assess the current literature for RTS criteria and identify gaps and opportunities for developing javelin-specific return to throwing (RTT) and RTS recommendations.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Boolean search related to javelin, UCL surgery, RTS was performed using PubMed/Medline, ProQuest, PEDro, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies published between 2000, and May 2024 were included if they had a population of javelin athletes of any level of competition who underwent UCL reconstruction (UCLR) with a minimum follow-up of one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies met inclusion criteria for this review with a total population of 34 athletes (mean age, all studies: 19.7 years) and an average follow-up period of 3.8 years for all studies. Of the 34 athletes, 82% returned to any level of play at an average of 11.2 months post-surgery, with 70.1% returning to their previous level of competition. Only one study provided a specific RTT program, which included stepwise progressions for number, effort, quality, and distance for throws and javelin weights used for each program phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review found no studies providing guidelines for RTT/RTS criteria for javelin athletes following UCLR that emphasized objective measures of rehabilitation progress and completion. Further research on post-surgical physical function and subsequent programming tailored to the demands of javelin athletes is needed to guide safe return to sport.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3a.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"931-942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}