International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Comparison of Mechanical Percussion Therapy and Manual Stretching on Hamstring Length.","authors":"Nathan Nevin, David Boyce, Chris Gambert, Branden Leff, Andrew Batson, Grant Smith","doi":"10.26603/001c.130907","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.130907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interest in and use of mechanical percussive massage treatment devices have grown immensely among clinicians and athletes. One purported benefit of these devices is the improvement of range of motion but whether these devices are more effective than traditional means of increasing muscle extensibility remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effect of mechanical percussive massage therapy applied to the hamstrings versus static stretching of the hamstrings on passive knee extension (PKE) range of motion.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized control trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Division II NAIA and Division III NCAA football players were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, mechanical percussive massage therapy, or static stretching. Passive hamstring extensibility was quantified in all groups using standard goniometric measurements before and after the intervention by measuring PKE three times in a 90-90 supine position. The mechanical percussive massage therapy group received five minutes of treatment to the hamstrings. The static stretching group received manual stretching of the hamstrings performed in the 90-90 supine position (3 repetitions of 30 seconds with 10-second rest between repetitions). The control group received no treatment. An ANOVA was used to investigate effects of the random interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-nine male collegiate football players, 37 NCAA Division III and 42 NAIA Division II (mean age 19.8 years +/- 1.2) participated in this study. A significant difference (p < .001) in pre- and post-PKE range of motion was noted for both the percussive mechanical massage therapy (5.8 degrees, SD+/- 3.32) and static stretching (6 degrees, SD+/- 3.29) groups. No significant difference was noted between the two treatment groups. The control group did not demonstrate a significant difference in pre and post-PKE (1.1 degrees, SD +/- 3.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Static stretching and mechanical percussive massage therapy applied to the hamstrings produce significant immediate increases in PKE compared to a control group suggesting that static hamstring stretching, and mechanical percussive massage therapy are both viable options for acutely increasing hamstring extensibility.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>II.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"553-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honoring Mary Wilkinson: A Legacy of Vision and Excellence.","authors":"","doi":"10.26603/001c.133561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.133561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"485-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Deltoid Ligament of the Ankle.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.132251","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deltoid ligament of the ankle is a critical stabilizer of the medial aspect of the joint, often implicated in injuries ranging from sprains to complex fracture-dislocation scenarios. Injuries to the deltoid ligament are less common than lateral ankle sprains but can lead to chronic instability and dysfunction if not properly diagnosed and managed. Accurate diagnosis of deltoid ligament injuries is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard for ligament assessment, diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. This article reviews the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the deltoid ligament, including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for rehabilitation professionals. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"641-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Range of Motion and Isometric Shoulder Strength in Elite Team Handball Players.","authors":"Tina Piil Torabi, Jesper Bencke, Roland van den Tillaar","doi":"10.26603/001c.133546","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.133546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of overuse shoulder injuries is unfortunately common in team handball, potentially impacting sport participation and quality of life after players' professional careers. Shoulder rotational strength and glenohumeral range of motion have been proposed to influence the development of shoulder injuries.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare external and internal shoulder rotation range of motion and isometric strength among elite male and female handball players with current shoulder pain, previous shoulder pain, and no shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>An explorative cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maximal isometric shoulder internal and external rotator strength and shoulder internal and external rotation range of motion were measured and compared between sexes and among players with current shoulder pain, previous shoulder pain, and no shoulder pain. All data distributions were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, histograms, and qq plots. An ANOVA was used to compare the internal and external shoulder range of motion and strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 136 elite team handball players, 57 women (1.74±0.06 m, 72.4 ± 8.3 kg, and 22.4±4.9 years) and 79 men (1.89±0.08 m, 90.8 ± 11.8 kg, and 22.3 ± 5.2 years) participated. A significant difference in maximal internal (p<0.001) and external (p=0.004) shoulder rotator strength was found between sexes, with no significant difference in range of motion. When categorized by groups, male athletes in the no-pain group had greater internal rotator strength than males in the current and previous pain groups (p<0.042). Furthermore, female athletes in the no-pain group showed significantly less internal and external rotation range of motion compared to those playing with shoulder pain and those with previous pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater maximal isometric shoulder strength was found for men than women, primarily of the internal rotators, among all three groups. However, the men in the no-pain group had greater strength of the internal rotators than the two other groups. Range of motion was comparable between sexes, but the women without shoulder pain demonstrated significantly less internal and external rotation range of motion compared to those playing with shoulder pain and those with previous pain.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"522-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Shoulder Proprioceptive Sense of Force: Hand-Held Dynamometer Reliability and Comparison with Isokinetic Protocols.","authors":"Xavier Amen, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Stéphane Baudry, Dominique Mouraux, Joachim Van Cant","doi":"10.26603/001c.129585","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proprioception is crucial for shoulder stability, yet clinical methods for assessing all aspects, particularly the sense of force (SOF) -the ability to perceive, interpret, and reproduce force at a joint-are limited. The purpose of this study was to test a new SOF protocol with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and examine its agreement with an isokinetic dynamometer (IKD), as well as its reliability and the effect of contraction intensity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional measurement study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-one healthy participants were assessed for SOF using an Isokinetic dynamometer (IKD) and a HHD to evaluate the agreement between the two methods. Of the initial sample, 25 participants completed a second session with the HHD, enabling the evaluation of the protocol's reliability exclusively with this device. Error score were also compared between three different contraction intensities: 10%, 30% and 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) for intra-rater (within-day and between-day) and inter-rater (within-day) reliability while agreement between the tools was assessed using regression line method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement between devices was low with a poor correlation observed between measurements. The HHD SOF protocol showed low to moderate reliability for intra-rater between-day assessments, with ICCs from 0.44 to 0.64. The absolute reliability MDC95 ranged from 12% to 42%. Inter-rater within-day reliability was low, with ICCs from 0.007 to 0.43. Significant differences in error scores were observed between the HHD and IKD at 30% and 50% MVIC, and higher error scores were noted at Target 10% MVIC compared to 30% and 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SOF protocol using HHD demonstrates moderate reliability but low inter-rater reliability. Different tools yield varying results, with force intensity impacting SOF error scores, while rotation does not.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"400-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Review of Trunk and Hip Exercise Prescription: Applying Evidence for a Modern Approach.","authors":"Steven Short, Gretchen Short, Greg Lehman, Jack Friesen, Brandon Johnson","doi":"10.26603/001c.129972","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise targeting the trunk and hip (core) musculature is common practice in rehabilitation and performance training. Historical underpinnings of core exercise focus on providing stability to the spine, thus improving the function of the spine and extremities, while instability has been postulated to result in pathology and impaired performance. Mechanistic studies on the topic are often conflicting and indeterminate, suggesting the theoretical underpinnings of targeted core exercise may be over assumed in common practice. The best modes of intervention also remain undefined, with combined methods having potential to optimize outcomes. This includes moving beyond isolated exercise camps and being inclusive of both targeted exercise and progressive multi-joint movements. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to describe the historical mechanisms of the stability-instability continuum and the role of exercise intervention. A spectrum of ideologies related to core exercise are examined, while appreciating positive outcomes of exercise interventions across healthy and pathological populations. Finally, exercise summaries were compiled to improve critical reasoning within current practice and inspire future investigations.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"448-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Balance Error Scoring System in Female Soccer Players Following Soccer Heading: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Georgios Kakavas, Athanasios Tsiokanos, Michael Potoupnis, Panagiotis Tsaklis","doi":"10.26603/001c.129460","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soccer is a contact sport during which participants risk injury, including due to concussion. Interestingly, the task most frequently associated with concussions is the act of heading the ball. This study seeks to answer the following research question: Does an acute playing of purposeful soccer heading in female football players lead to changes in BESS normative outcomes and balance? Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between a gold-standard BESS Test and a Balance Test performed on a force plate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project involved twenty-eight female soccer players (age = 19.6 + 2.96 years, mass = 60.4+ 5.3 kg, and height = 163.6 + 6.4 cm). pre and post the heading condition and the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The participants were healthy and underwent BESS monitoring on a force plate before and after heading and footing training. Standard 450 g soccer balls were utilized. Participants performed ten headers for the header condition and ten footers for the footer condition. Resultant sway velocity and BESS error outcomes were calculated before and after heading and footing training. I need a brief description of the statistical approach here.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant increases after the heading condition were found for Single Leg Stance (COP PATH) score (Z = -3.986, p = 0.000), BESS score on foam surface (Z = -2.511, p = 0.012), BESS score on firm surface (Z = -2.353, p = 0.019). A statistically significant increase after the footer condition was found for the Tandem Stance (mm2) score (Z = -2.900, p = 0.004). A statistically significant difference between the group conditions was found in the post-BESS score foam difference (U = 268.500, p = 0.042). BESS score foam mean increase was 1.93 after the heading condition and 0.21 after the footer condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study not only tests the feasibility of using force plates to measure BESS outcomes after heading in female soccer but also underscores the effectiveness of using BESS parameters to evaluate changes in balance function following heading compared to a control footer condition. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential effects of soccer on balance in female players, contributing to the body of knowledge in sports medicine and physical education.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"384-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Tensor Fascia Latae and Gluteus Maximus Has the Potential to Indicate Early Intra-articular and Degenerative Pathologies of the Femoral-Acetabular Joint: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Matt P R Duke, Ashley Jones, Amir Takla, Mark I Johnson","doi":"10.26603/001c.129974","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-articular and degenerative hip pathologies have become common place with the number of total hip replacements rising year on year in the United Kingdom (UK). Pathology is identified by clinicians using special tests which are researched maneuvers used by clinicians to rule in or rule out specific musculoskeletal pathologies. Special tests used for hip pathology usually have high specificity to exclude degenerative and intraarticular pathology but vary in sensitivity. These special tests are usually only conducted when a person is symptomatic and typically require radiological confirmation to diagnose. The aim of this review was to appraise research to determine whether functional changes in the TFL and UGM muscle complex could indicate degenerative and/or intra articular pathology, with a specific focus on the utility of the ratio in strength of TFL and UGM to assist clinical diagnosis. The hypothesis was that the ratio of the strength of Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) and the upper fibres of Gluteus Maximus (UGM) could suggest early intra-articular hip pathology, and that changes to this ratio could indicate deterioration of the hip joint before symptoms present/progress.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"476-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Unilateral Lower Limb Muscle Power: Are Unilateral Functional Tests Correlated with Nottingham Power Rig in Healthy Adults?","authors":"Andreas Bentzen, Stian Langgård Jørgensen, Louise Mortensen, Inger Mechlenburg, Frederik Foldager","doi":"10.26603/001c.129458","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle power is an important physical capability across all age groups and health statuses. Typically, assessing lower limb muscle power requires expensive and sophisticated equipment to ensure reliability and validity of power. Hence, there exists a clear need to identify a simple and effective functional performance test that can serve as a proxy for evaluating muscle power when equipment is unavailable. Thus, this study aimed to identify an easily administered, functional performance test to assess unilateral muscle power.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Correlations between maximal leg extensor power (LEP) were measured using the Nottingham Power Rig, and several functional tests (i) unilateral 5-repetition Sit-To-Stand (5STS), (ii) unilateral 30-second Sit-To-Stand (30STS), and (iii) unilateral Hop For Distance (HFD), as well as (iv) self-reported physical activity assessed by the Short Questionnaire to AsseS Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between LEP and the functional tests for both legs, as well as self-reported activity, among 52 healthy participants with a mean age of 31.1 years (ranging 19-49 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A negligible correlation was found between LEP and SQUASH score. Negligible correlations were found between LEP and unilateral 5STS, unilateral 30STS, and HFD on the dominant leg. Positive low correlations were found between LEP and Unilateral 30STS (r=0.43, p=<0.01) and HFD (r=0.44, p=<0.01) on the non-dominant leg, as well as an inverse low correlation between LEP and unilateral 5STS (-0.42, p=0.01) on the non-dominant leg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All correlations produced were negligible to low, suggesting that the functional tests investigated in this study may not be indicative of lower limb muscle power.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus on the Use of Therapeutic Interventions in Pain Management, Recovery, and Athletic Performance: A Delphi Study.","authors":"Bailey McLagan, Kyle Silvey, Timothy Roberts, David Erceg, Jonathan C Sum, E Todd Schroeder","doi":"10.26603/001c.129968","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic interventions are widely used in clinical practice to prepare individuals for movement, recover from exercise, and mediate pain and inflammation associated with injury. However, there has yet to be cited consensus regarding when to use such interventions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Using the Delphi method, this study aimed to develop consensus among physical therapists (PTs) and athletic trainers (ATs) regarding the use of percussive, vibration, infrared, heat, and cryotherapy in a variety of treatment circumstances. These included preparation and recovery from physical activity, treatment of acute and chronic joint pain, and treatment of acute and chronic soft tissue/muscle pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four rounds of surveys were delivered to individuals who were licensed or certified PTs/ATs, with more than 1,000 hours of experience working with athletic populations and experience using at least one of the interventions of interest in the prior five years. Consensus was defined as a greater than 70% agreement, and consideration for use was defined as selecting \"In Some Instances'' and\"In Most Instances.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-four individuals responded to the screening survey (n₁ = 74, n₂ = 68, n₃ = 44, n₄ = 32). The individuals who participated agreed that they would consider using the following therapeutic interventions in treatment: 1) percussive therapy, local vibration, and local heat therapy in the preparation for physical activity; 2) local cryotherapy in recovery from physical activity; 3) local cryotherapy for the treatment of acute joint pain and acute soft tissue/muscle pain; 4) local heat and local cryotherapy for the treatment of chronic joint pain; and 5) percussive, local vibration, local heat, and local cryotherapy in the treatment of chronic soft tissue/muscle pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical intervention often relies on patient presentation and preference. This study provides a consensus on the use of common therapeutic interventions for the management of athletic recovery, pain, and inflammation among ATs and PTs.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"420-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}