International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Figure-of-Eight Taping Combined with Rehabilitation for Multidirectional Shoulder Instability in a School-Age Female Karate Athlete: A Case Report.","authors":"Sohei Shimizu, Masashi Kawabata, Ryo Tazawa, Toshimi Okuyama, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Naonobu Takahira","doi":"10.26603/001c.163284","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI) is characterized by symptomatic subluxation or dislocation in multiple directions and is difficult to treat. Conservative management primarily involves exercise therapy aimed at strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizing muscles. However, when the instability is severe, performing such exercises can be challenging. This case report describes the clinical course of a school-aged karate athlete with MDI in whom exercise therapy was effectively facilitated through figure-of-eight taping.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 12-year-old female karate athlete with no history of trauma presented with discomfort, pain, and a clicking sensation in the right shoulder. Clinical examination revealed predominantly inferior and anterior instabilities with subluxation occurring just below 90° of active shoulder flexion.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Rehabilitation was conducted over a five-month period, from April to September 2025 and was divided into three phases. In Phase 1, exercises to promote scapular upward rotation and strengthen the rotator cuff were performed; however, the sensation of subluxation persisted at approximately 90° of flexion. Therefore, figure-of-eight taping was introduced in Phase 2. Immediately after taping, the active range of flexion improved from 95° to 140°, and sense of instability decreased. Accordingly, rehabilitation was continued while wearing the tape. In Phase 3, stable active flexion was achieved without taping, and exercises for the scapular and rotator cuff muscles were performed actively in the elevated position.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>After five months, active shoulder flexion improved from 85° to 180°, and abduction increased from 70° to 170°. The Rowe score improved from 10 to 80 of 100, and the Quick-DASH disability/symptom and sports module scores improved by 6.8 and 25 points, respectively, from the 1-month to 5-month assessment. The subject returned to daily and sports activities without difficulty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this school-aged karate athlete with MDI, figure-of-eight taping may have provided immediate support and served as a useful adjunct to facilitate exercise therapy.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"693-701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Markerless Motion-Based Physical Function Test Performance with Running Gait Kinetics: Application for Therapeutic Monitoring.","authors":"Katherine Tansky, Ryan M Nixon, Matthew Martenson, Lydia Pezzullo, Kevin R Vincent, Heather K Vincent","doi":"10.26603/001c.163523","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Easy-to-perform and effective assessments for runners are needed for high-volume screening of injury risk in clinical settings. Markerless motion capture systems offer comprehensive, fast, and less expensive tests for capturing kinematic and kinetic metrics that are related to running injury compared to traditional laboratory setups. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purposes of this study were to 1) characterize functional test performance in endurance runners using markerless motion capture, and 2) determine the strength of associations between markerless motion capture-based functional movement performance and instrumented treadmill-based kinetic features of running. Sex differences in functional performance tests and in gait characteristics were secondary exploratory analyses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-two recreational runners (40.3% female; 31.5±16.8 yr) ran on an instrumented treadmill, and performed a series of dynamic functional tests using a markerless motion system. Functional tests included lateral bound, multiple hop (5-Hop test), and single-legged jumps. Net ground reaction force (GRF) and vertical average loading rate (VALR) were calculated. Peak GRF at takeoff and landing, and performance scores (jump heights, distances, asymmetries) were obtained from functional tests. Correlations were determined for GRF, VALR, and performance scores from running and function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interlimb performance differences for these functional tests ranged from 2.6% (mulithop), 3.6% (lateral bound), and 14.3% (single-legged jump). Correlation coefficients between peak running GRFs and markerless motion-derived single-legged hop, lateral bound, and multihop tests were moderate-to-strong (r=0.641 to 0.882; all p<0.001). Performance scores (jump heights and bound distance) demonstrated fair-to-moderate relationships (r=0.502 to 0.882). Correlation coefficients between VALRs from running and GRFs obtained from functional tests were lower (r=0.147 to 0.742).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endurance runners demonstrated similar interlimb performance on multihop and lateral bound tests. Markerless motion testing-derived GRFs are correlated to GRFs obtained during running. Markerless motion capture may offer a cheaper, more time-efficient method to obtain meaningful translational kinetic values for runners.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"604-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological and Neuromechanical Recovery After Concussion: Dual-Task Stability and Kinesiophobia from Return to Play to Six Months.","authors":"Melissa Anderson, Daniel Le, Mallory Faherty, Carolyn Killelea, Jeffrey Bytomski, Corina Martinez, Michael Bergeron, Timothy Sell","doi":"10.26603/001c.163294","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sport-related concussion (SRC) increases the risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injury, yet the mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain unclear. Fear of movement (kinesiophobia) may contribute to impaired motor control.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined kinesiophobia and postural stability in adolescent athletes at return-to-play (RTP) after SRC and evaluated changes six months later.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational analytical study with cross-sectional (case-control) and prospective cohort components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven concussed athletes (15.7 ± 1.3 years, 45.9% female) and 17 matched controls (16.4 ± 2.1 years, 52.9% female) completed static single-leg stance and dynamic single-leg landing tasks under single- and dual-task (Stroop) conditions. Fear of movement was measured with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). A subset of 12 concussed athletes and eight controls repeated testing at six months. Postural stability was quantified using ground reaction forces; higher values indicated worse performance. Group differences at RTP were examined using independent-samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Longitudinal changes from were examined using paired-samples t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Effect sizes and exact p-values were reported, with α set at .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At RTP, concussed athletes reported higher TSK-11 scores than controls (18.6 ± 4.2 vs. 15.6 ± 3.9, p = 0.013, d = 0.74). No significant group differences were observed for static or dynamic postural stability under single- or dual-task conditions (all p > 0.12). Within the concussion group, those with higher TSK-11 scores consistently showed poorer stability, although this difference was not statistically significant. At six months, concussed athletes demonstrated moderate improvements in TSK-11 (17.0 ± 3.9 to 13.4 ± 6.9) and dual-task dynamic stability, but changes did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents cleared for RTP after SRC exhibited elevated kinesiophobia, despite having balance performance comparable to controls. Screening for fear of movement may help identify athletes at risk for delayed recovery or reinjury, complementing standard postural stability assessments.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"655-663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Finger Flexor Exercises Effectively Activate the Dynamic Stabilizers of the Medial Elbow?","authors":"Malachy McHugh, Michael Mullaney, Lindsey Fhima, Ian Kremenic, Milan Mueller","doi":"10.26603/001c.163520","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) provide dynamic stability to the medial elbow with a lesser contribution from the pronator teres (PT).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare FCU, FDS, and PT electromyograpic activation during finger flexor exercises using a finger flexor dynamometer versus rubber bands. It was hypothesized that middle and ring finger flexion selectively activate the FCU and FDS with no difference in level of activation between the dynamometer and rubber bands.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational cohort study; laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electromyography (EMG) was used to record activation of the FCU, FDS, and PT during isometric finger flexion while using the finger flexor dynamometer and rubber bands in healthy adults (8 men, 1 woman). Forefinger, middle finger, and ring finger flexion were tested on both the dominant and nondominant hands. The rubber bands were stretched to four times resting length and held isometrically. Finger flexion strength was tested using a handheld dynamometer. Contraction intensity for the rubber band exercise was calculated as the force required to stretch the rubber bands 400% divided by finger flexion strength. Contractions on the finger flexor dynamometer were instructed to be maximal effort. EMG activity was recorded during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) tests for each of the three muscles. EMG amplitude (%MVC) during the finger flexor exercises was compared between devices and muscles using repeated measures analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FCU activation during ring finger flexion was higher (p=0.002) for rubber band (64±19% MVC) versus finger flexor dynamometer (43±17% MVC). No other EMG amplitudes were different between devices. FCU and FDS activations during rubber band finger flexions were higher than PT (p<0.05). FCU activation with the finger flexor dynamometer was significantly higher than FDS and PT for forefinger flexion (p<0.01) but there were no significant differences for other fingers. Rubber band flexion contraction intensity was 65±11%, 44±3%, and 39±5% for ring, middle, and forefinger flexion, respectively (intensity was considered 100% for measurements of the finger flexor dynamometer).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A simple rubber band exercise was as effective, or more effective, at activating the FCU and FDS than a finger flexor dynamometer. Isometric finger flexion exercises with rubber bands provide an inexpensive practical means of activating the dynamic stabilizers of the medial elbow.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"673-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength at Slower Speeds Following ACLR More Strongly Influences Hop Test Performance in Adolescent Athletes.","authors":"Zac Blaydes, Gabrielle Griffin, Taha Saifullah, Philline Tumbaga, Jeff Nepple, Joseph Hannon","doi":"10.26603/001c.163518","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Return-to-play (RTP) criteria remains inconsistent for adolescents following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Isokinetic strength testing (ISKT) and functional horizontal hop testing are commonly used to assess readiness, but the optimal ISKT testing protocol for predicting functional performance in adolescents has yet to be defined.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between quadriceps peak torque at multiple isokinetic testing speeds and functional hop test symmetry. It was hypothesized that strength measured at 60°/sec would demonstrate a stronger association with hop performance than measures obtained at 180°/sec and 300°/sec.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred pediatric and adolescent patients (15.1 ± 2.0 yrs) completed a standard RTP assessment at a mean of 6.3 + 0.4 months following ALCR. ISKT was assessed at 60 °/sec, 180 °/sec, 300 °/sec. Hop testing included the single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, crossover hop for distance, and 6-meter timed hop. ISKT values were examined as limb symmetry indices (LSI) and as normalized values (Nm/KG). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the influence of ISKT speed on hop test performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ISKT LSI at 60 °/sec was significantly associated with single hop (β = 0.508, 95% CI [.18,.75], p = 0.001), triple hop (β = 0.437, 95% CI [.09,.48] p = 0.001), and crossover hop (β = 0.448, 95% CI [.09,.55] p = 0.006). These results were consistent when examining that data as normalized at 60 °/sec for the single hop (β = 0.641, 95% CI [27.4,81.7] p = 0.001), triple hop (β = 0.579, 95% CI [59.9,202.51] p = 0.001), and crossover hop (β = 0.529, 95% CI [46.0,205.8] p = 0.006). ISKT at 180 °/sec and 300 °/sec did not significantly influence hop performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In adolescents following ACLR, quadriceps strength assessed at 60 °/sec, demonstrates the strongest relationship with functional hop test performance.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"627-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Teres Minor.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.163510","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotator cuff injuries are one of the more common injuries that occur in the shoulder. Four muscles and tendons make up the rotator cuff. These include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor. The teres minor is the smallest of the rotator cuff muscles. It originates from the middle third of the lateral border of the scapula, just below the insertion of the teres major. It inserts onto the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve, and its muscular action is that of external rotation, and it can be a weak abductor of the shoulder. It is part of a larger force couple between the rotator cuff group and the deltoid, which stabilizes the humeral head during humeral elevation. Although the teres minor can be torn in massive rotator cuff tears, it is also commonly overused during repetitive activities requiring overhead lifting or external rotation. An accurate diagnosis of teres minor overuse, partial tears, or ruptures is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSKUS has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating rotator cuff injuries, including tendinopathy, muscle strains (partial tears), and ruptures. MSKUS is excellent at detecting changes in tendon and muscle composition and continuity. This manuscript will review the utility of MSKUS in evaluating teres minor tendon and muscle injuries, including anatomy, common injury mechanisms, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for those in the rehabilitation profession. By integrating MSKUS into clinical practice, providers can improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance diagnostic confidence, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies to achieve optimal patient outcomes for those with teres minor injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"702-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dynamic Taping on Dynamic Balance and Proprioception in Recreational Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability.","authors":"Yun-Chi Chang, Po-Tsun Chen, Wei-Jie Hsu, Hsiao-Yun Chang","doi":"10.26603/001c.163298","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.163298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly develops after recurrent ankle sprains and is associated with deficits in proprioception and dynamic balance. Sports taping (ST) is frequently used to enhance joint stability but may restrict movement. Dynamic taping (DT) is a novel alternative elastic taping technique designed to provide support without restricting functional motion.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the immediate effects of DT and ST on dynamic balance and proprioception in recreational athletes with CAI.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-blind randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight participants with CAI were randomly assigned to either a DT group (n = 14) or an ST group (n = 14). Outcomes included joint position sense error (reproduction of angle measured using a smartphone App) and dynamic balance (assessed using the single-leg multiple hop stabilization test). Measurements were obtained before and 15 min after taping. A mixed-design, repeated-measures 2-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited significant improvements in joint position sense error over time (p < 0.05), with no significant group × time interaction (F (1,26) = 0.85, p = 0.366, η² = 0.03). A significant group × time interaction was observed in dynamic balance (F (1,26) = 20.42, p < 0.001, η² = 0.44), indicating that DT may enhance dynamic balance relative to ST.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DT may enhance dynamic balance more than ST does, although both taping methods improve proprioception in individuals with CAI. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as the sample size was small and the assessment was conducted over a short period.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 7","pages":"681-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Knee Osteoarthritis an Inevitable Consequence for Athletes after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury?","authors":"Alexandre Rambaud, Grégory Morel, Robert Prill, Nicky van Melick, Florian Forelli","doi":"10.26603/001c.162416","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.162416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterior cruciate ligament injury should no longer be considered solely as an acute traumatic event affecting short-term sports participation, but increasingly as the beginning of a long-term knee joint health condition that may lead to post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis. Despite major advances in anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation, structural and symptomatic features of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis may emerge within the first 5 years after injury and nearly 40% of individuals may develop radiographic signs of knee osteoarthritis within 10 to 15 years after injury. This international perspective highlights the growing concern surrounding premature knee osteoarthritis in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament injury and emphasizes the expanding role of sports physiotherapists beyond return to sport. Residual instability, neuromuscular deficits, altered knee joint loading, and persistent inflammatory processes may contribute to long-term cartilage degeneration and functional decline. Sports physiotherapists are therefore uniquely positioned to contribute not only to rehabilitation and secondary prevention, but also to long-term knee joint health and activity education, early detection of knee osteoarthritis-related symptoms, individualized load management, and multidisciplinary management strategies. A shift toward lifelong knee health management after anterior cruciate ligament injury appears necessary to better support athletes throughout their sporting careers and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 6","pages":"600-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13232161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Body Kinetic Chain Muscle Activity during selected Rehabilitation Exercises in Healthy and Injured Overhead Throwing Athletes.","authors":"Liam P Owens, Ginny Coyles, Omid Khaiyat","doi":"10.26603/001c.162098","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.162098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overhead throwing athletes are susceptible to shoulder injuries as a result of breakdowns in kinetic chain (KC) sequencing. Progressive rehabilitation phases have been developed to aid return-to-play through increasing the demand and intensity on key structures. The Advanced Throwers Ten (ATT) is a well-established rehabilitation program within the advanced strengthening phase of rehabilitation designed to engage muscles across KC segments.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the activation levels of key muscles across KC segments in healthy and injured overhead throwing athletes during selected exercises within the ATT program.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three male overhead throwing athletes (17 healthy and 16 injured) were recruited from overhead sport teams and completed one set of selected exercises within the ATT program. Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) was performed using manual muscle testing and calculated as the mean of two, five second efforts. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded for sixteen muscles, including: biceps brachii, deltoids (anterior, medial and posterior deltoids), trapezius (upper and lower), infraspinatus, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, contralateral external oblique, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, lateral gastrocnemius (all surface electrodes) and supraspinatus (fine wire electrode). A three-way ANOVA determined main effects (group, exercise and muscle) and interactions. One-way ANOVAs determined muscle activity differences between exercises in both groups. Post-hoc independent t-tests were used to assessed mean muscle activity (%MVC) between groups for each exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were minimal differences in muscle activity levels between throwing groups, with low-to-moderate activities (< 40%MVC) recorded from muscles across most ATT exercises. Strengthening activity levels (> 40%MVC) were noted for posterior deltoid, lower trapezius and infraspinatus in injured throwers during exercises performed prone on a stability ball.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar muscle activity levels were evident for healthy and injured overhead throwers during selected from the ATT program exercises, with limited strengthening activity levels apparent across the KC except during prone exercises.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 6","pages":"531-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13232157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Patellofemoral Conditions and the Incidence of ACL Injury: Could Patellofemoral Conditions be a Risk Factor for ACL Injury? A 10-year Population-Based Study.","authors":"Luke Bunch, Anthony T Drazick, Ghislain Aminake, Chloe Roy, Erin Biggs, Isabella Beltran, Jeremy M Burnham","doi":"10.26603/001c.162094","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.162094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patellofemoral conditions are common causes of knee symptoms in young and active individuals and have been linked in prior literature to neuromuscular and movement-related deficits that also have been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, whether a prior diagnosis of patellofemoral conditions is associated with increased subsequent ACL injury risk remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether prior diagnosis of patellofemoral conditions (PFC) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or other intra-articular knee pathology.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical records from a multi-state health system were reviewed to identify patients aged 14-40 years with patellofemoral conditions (PFC) diagnosed between 2014 and 2016. Exclusion criteria included prior major lower extremity injury or surgery, systemic rheumatologic disease, and incomplete records. Identified patients were followed through 2024 for incident knee injuries or knee-related surgical procedures. The primary outcome tracked was incident ACL injury. Secondary tracked outcomes included meniscal, chondral, medial patellofemoral ligament, and other ligamentous injuries of the knee, as well as knee-related surgical procedures. Cumulative incidence was estimated, and risk factors were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,108 screened charts, 1,232 patients met inclusion criteria (median age: 19 years; 69.2% female). During the follow-up time period, 10.9% sustained an intra-articular knee injury or underwent a knee-related surgical procedure. ACL injuries occurred in 2.5% and meniscal injuries in 4.1%; less frequent events included medial collateral ligament injuries (0.7%), osteotomies (0.6%), and patellar tendon injuries (0.2%). The ACL incidence in this cohort was 246 per 100,000 person-years, a 3.6-fold higher rate compared with the general population. Injuries occurred predominantly ipsilateral to the index PFC diagnosis. In adjusted analysis, greater weight and BMI were associated with subsequent knee injury; however, multivariable logistic regression did not identify age, sex, or BMI as independent predictors of ACL injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with patellofemoral conditions showed a substantially elevated incidence of subsequent ACL injury compared to the general population. A prior diagnosis of PFC may identify a subgroup at greater risk for later intra-articular knee injury and may warrant closer rehabilitation and injury-prevention consideration.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"21 6","pages":"506-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13232126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}