International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"TECAR Therapy: A Clinical Commentary on its Evolution, Application, and Future in Rehabilitation.","authors":"Lewis G Lupowitz, Laura Ramus, Frederic Delacour, Ken Johnson","doi":"10.26603/001c.130909","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.130909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TECAR (Transfer of Energy Capacitive and Resistive) therapy is a novel electrotherapy modality gaining traction in orthopedic and sports rehabilitation. This technique utilizes radiofrequency energy to promote tissue healing, pain management, and functional recovery, offering a unique approach to address musculoskeletal injuries and conditions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this clinical commentary is to delve into the current body of literature on TECAR therapy, meticulously examining both its strengths and the gaps that remain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the evolving role of TECAR therapy in managing various orthopedic and sports-related injuries. Key studies, including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of TECAR therapy in pain reduction, tissue repair, and enhancement of athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current evidence suggests that TECAR therapy may effectively reduce pain, improve range of motion, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Notably, it has shown promise in treating conditions such as tendonitis, ligament sprains, and spasticity in stroke survivors. Furthermore, studies indicate that TECAR therapy can enhance biomechanical parameters and running economy, potentially leading to improved athletic performance. Limitations in the current research such as small sample sizes, lack of long-term efficacy studies, and variability in treatment protocols hinder definitive conclusions regarding its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The authors suggest that integration of TECAR therapy into rehabilitation programs presents opportunities for optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing athletic performance. By incorporating TECAR, athletes may experience faster recovery times, reduced injury risk, and improved performance metrics, making it a potentially valuable addition to sports rehabilitation strategies. Future research should focus on standardizing treatment protocols, exploring long-term effects, and assessing cost-effectiveness to enhance accessibility and implementation in diverse clinical settings. Additionally, mechanistic studies are essential for elucidating the underlying biological processes that contribute to TECAR's therapeutic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TECAR therapy represents a promising yet underexplored modality in rehabilitation. As evidence accumulates, its integration into standard clinical practice could revolutionize approaches to pain management and recovery in patients, especially athletes. Continued exploration and validation of TECAR therapy will advance the field of sports physical therapy, unlocking new possibilities for enhancing rehabilitation outcomes and athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"632-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Male Adult Basketball Athletes in Brazil: A One-season Descriptive Study.","authors":"Vinicius Castro Campos, Carlos Vicente Andreoli, Ronaldo Alves da Cunha","doi":"10.26603/001c.132168","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Basketball has one of the highest injury rates among team sports, however, published data investigating basketball-related musculoskeletal injuries (BRMIs) in professional players in Brazil are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical incidence, rate, location, type(s), severity, and nature of BRMIs in Brazilian professional basketball players, and to quantify their impact on sports performance.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Athletes over 18 years old who were registered and active in the professional category of each participating team that signed the Consent Form were included in this study. Over the course of 22 weeks the Team's Physical Therapist collected data weekly through an online questionnaire. The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) was used to provide anatomical and diagnostic classification of BRMIs and the injury severity was evaluated using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire (OSTRC) score. Qualitative variables were represented by frequency and proportions, and quantitative variables by mean and standard deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 103 athletes with a mean age of 28.8 years +/- 5.4 years reported 164 BRMI's with a clinical injury incidence of 1.6 over the 22-week study. Of these, 122 (74.4%) occurred in the lower limbs and 22 (13.4%) in the upper limbs. The BRMI rate was 5.1 injuries per 1,000 hours/practice and 79.6 injuries per 1,000 hours/game. The knee was the most affected area (19.5%), followed by hip/groin (15.2%). Muscle injuries were the most frequent (33.5%) and the most severe (4070 points OSTRC).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings show the importance of implementing injury monitoring measures in basketball using a standardized, low-cost and easy-to-use questionnaire to monitor the impact of BRMIs on practice and game performance.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b (Epidemiology).</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"562-571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Pain Thresholds and Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Following 45-Degree Roman Chair Exercise.","authors":"Kaitlyn M Lyons, Matt S Stock, William J Hanney, Abigail W Anderson","doi":"10.26603/001c.132173","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute exercise may induce a reduction in pain sensitivity, termed exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The 45-degree Roman Chair (low back extension) is a dynamic resistance exercise that may be beneficial for low back pain as it allows for direct overload of the spinal flexors and extensors. However, the ability of this exercise to reliably produce EIH has not been examined.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability of heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) measures, examine local and systemic EIH effects after a 45-degree Roman chair exercise, and determine if EIH was produced reliably between sessions.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational Cohort, Crossover.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five healthy participants (mean(SD) age: 21(1.39) years, 16 male) completed two identical sessions at least two days apart. HPT and PPT at the upper trapezius (UT) and low back (LB) were assessed pre/post quiet rest to examine reliability of these measures. HPT and PPT were repeated pre/post one set of the Roman chair exercise until failure to examine reliability of EIH. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) examined reliability, and a three-way repeated measures ANOVA compared changes in HPT and PPT among quiet rest and exercise conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPT and PPT demonstrated good (HPT: ICC_3,1 >0.741) to excellent reliability (PPT: ICC_3,1 >0.810). Significant EIH as assessed by PPT was demonstrated at both sites (p UT<0.025, LB<0.001) with larger effect sizes at the LB (ηp² >0.413). When assessed with HPT, significant EIH was observed over the LB (p<0.002) but not the UT (p=0.059) EIH can be reliably induced across sessions over the LB (ICC_3,1 HPT=0.903, PPT=0.815)(<i>r</i> HPT=0.903, PPT=0.814) and UT (ICC_3,1 HPT=0.867, PPT=0.729)(<i>r</i> HPT=0.877 and PPT=0.744).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 45-degree Roman Chair may reliably induce significant hypoalgesia over the LB assessed with HPT and PPT in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"542-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Measures of Torque Development are Related to Peak Torque at Six Months Following ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Ryan McGuire, William Swann, John Jurjans, Clare Parker, Madison Pawley, Tim Uhl","doi":"10.26603/001c.132382","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at increased risk for subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, with quadriceps strength deficits being a risk factor. While early measures of quadriceps strength can predict strength in the later stages of rehabilitation, it remains unclear whether isometric rate of torque development (RTD) is related to later outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between quadriceps RTD values at four months post-ACLR and quadriceps isokinetic peak torque values at six months post-ACLR. It was hypothesized that isometric RTD at four months would be significantly correlated with isokinetic peak torque at six months post-ACLR. A secondary hypothesis was that the involved limb RT would be significantly slower than the uninvolved limb at four months post-operative.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven patients (22 males and 25 females) who had undergone ACLR performed isometric testing at four months and isokinetic testing at six months post-operatively. Isometric testing was utilized to measure torque from 0-100ms (RTD₁₀₀) and from 100-200ms (RTD₂₀₀), and isometric peak torque. Isokinetic testing was utilized to measure peak torque at 60°/sec and 180°/sec. Correlations between isometric and isokinetic measures were evaluated using Spearman's rho. RTD was compared between the involved and uninvolved limbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four-month measures of RTD₁₀₀ (r=.55, r=.45), RTD₂₀₀ (r=.63, r=.52), and peak isometric torque (r=.77, r=.64) were all significantly correlated with 60°/sec and 180°/sec isokinetic peak torque (p≤0.001), respectively. The involved limb rate of torque development was slower, and strength was lower than the uninvolved limb (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The hypotheses were supported as four-month isometric measures were moderately to strongly correlated to six-month isokinetic peak torque measures and the involved limb RTD was slower than the uninvolved limb. Incorporation of interventions focusing on development of force quickly is encouraged during rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"503-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity of Measuring Shoulder Internal and External Rotation Strength in Volleyball Specific Positions.","authors":"John G Loepfe, Christopher V Nagelli, Dirk R Larson, Adam J Tagliero, Chad E Cherny, Andrew J Johnson","doi":"10.26603/001c.132170","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overhead athletes are susceptible to shoulder injuries, among which rotator cuff injuries are common and often directly associated with muscle weakness. Therefore, valid and reliable measures of rotator cuff strength at sport specific positions may be a vital part of sports physical therapy practice. Purpose: The current study aimed to determine the inter- and intra-tester reliability of measuring shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength at a novel testing position, 130° of abduction and compared to the 90°/90° position. A secondary aim was to assess concurrent validity between measurements taken with the Humac® Norm™ Isokinetic Dynamometer (IKD) and Microfet® 2 hand-held dynamometer (HHD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Reliability and Criterion Validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five (n=25) healthy participants were recruited for this study. Exclusion criteria included prior shoulder surgery, shoulder injury within the last three months, and contraindications to exercise according to ACSM guidelines. Participants performed maximal isometric shoulder external and internal rotation strength testing at both 90° and 130° of shoulder abduction. On the first day, participants were tested on the IKD at both positions, followed by each tester using the HHD. Participants returned 7-14 days later for repeat testing using the HHD only. ICC values were calculated for each rater, instrument, and testing position. Bland-Altman plots were created to establish limits of agreement. Minimal detectable change values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inter- and intra-rater reliability for testing isometric strength using a hand-held dynamometer was good to excellent for both shoulder positions with ICC values consistently above 0.8. Concurrent validity between the HHD and IKD was poor to moderate with ICC values ranging from 0.1-0.4. However, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated that the difference in strength measures was within the limits of agreement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shoulder IR and ER strength testing at 130° of abduction shows strong inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for measurement in sport specific positions.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"532-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Mechanical Percussion Therapy and Manual Stretching on Hamstring Length.","authors":"Nathan Nevin, David Boyce, Chris Gambert, Branden Leff, Andrew Batson, Grant Smith","doi":"10.26603/001c.130907","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.130907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interest in and use of mechanical percussive massage treatment devices have grown immensely among clinicians and athletes. One purported benefit of these devices is the improvement of range of motion but whether these devices are more effective than traditional means of increasing muscle extensibility remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effect of mechanical percussive massage therapy applied to the hamstrings versus static stretching of the hamstrings on passive knee extension (PKE) range of motion.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized control trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Division II NAIA and Division III NCAA football players were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, mechanical percussive massage therapy, or static stretching. Passive hamstring extensibility was quantified in all groups using standard goniometric measurements before and after the intervention by measuring PKE three times in a 90-90 supine position. The mechanical percussive massage therapy group received five minutes of treatment to the hamstrings. The static stretching group received manual stretching of the hamstrings performed in the 90-90 supine position (3 repetitions of 30 seconds with 10-second rest between repetitions). The control group received no treatment. An ANOVA was used to investigate effects of the random interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-nine male collegiate football players, 37 NCAA Division III and 42 NAIA Division II (mean age 19.8 years +/- 1.2) participated in this study. A significant difference (p < .001) in pre- and post-PKE range of motion was noted for both the percussive mechanical massage therapy (5.8 degrees, SD+/- 3.32) and static stretching (6 degrees, SD+/- 3.29) groups. No significant difference was noted between the two treatment groups. The control group did not demonstrate a significant difference in pre and post-PKE (1.1 degrees, SD +/- 3.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Static stretching and mechanical percussive massage therapy applied to the hamstrings produce significant immediate increases in PKE compared to a control group suggesting that static hamstring stretching, and mechanical percussive massage therapy are both viable options for acutely increasing hamstring extensibility.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>II.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"553-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honoring Mary Wilkinson: A Legacy of Vision and Excellence.","authors":"","doi":"10.26603/001c.133561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.133561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"485-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Deltoid Ligament of the Ankle.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.132251","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.132251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deltoid ligament of the ankle is a critical stabilizer of the medial aspect of the joint, often implicated in injuries ranging from sprains to complex fracture-dislocation scenarios. Injuries to the deltoid ligament are less common than lateral ankle sprains but can lead to chronic instability and dysfunction if not properly diagnosed and managed. Accurate diagnosis of deltoid ligament injuries is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard for ligament assessment, diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. This article reviews the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the deltoid ligament, including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for rehabilitation professionals. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"641-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Range of Motion and Isometric Shoulder Strength in Elite Team Handball Players.","authors":"Tina Piil Torabi, Jesper Bencke, Roland van den Tillaar","doi":"10.26603/001c.133546","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.133546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of overuse shoulder injuries is unfortunately common in team handball, potentially impacting sport participation and quality of life after players' professional careers. Shoulder rotational strength and glenohumeral range of motion have been proposed to influence the development of shoulder injuries.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare external and internal shoulder rotation range of motion and isometric strength among elite male and female handball players with current shoulder pain, previous shoulder pain, and no shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>An explorative cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maximal isometric shoulder internal and external rotator strength and shoulder internal and external rotation range of motion were measured and compared between sexes and among players with current shoulder pain, previous shoulder pain, and no shoulder pain. All data distributions were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, histograms, and qq plots. An ANOVA was used to compare the internal and external shoulder range of motion and strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 136 elite team handball players, 57 women (1.74±0.06 m, 72.4 ± 8.3 kg, and 22.4±4.9 years) and 79 men (1.89±0.08 m, 90.8 ± 11.8 kg, and 22.3 ± 5.2 years) participated. A significant difference in maximal internal (p<0.001) and external (p=0.004) shoulder rotator strength was found between sexes, with no significant difference in range of motion. When categorized by groups, male athletes in the no-pain group had greater internal rotator strength than males in the current and previous pain groups (p<0.042). Furthermore, female athletes in the no-pain group showed significantly less internal and external rotation range of motion compared to those playing with shoulder pain and those with previous pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater maximal isometric shoulder strength was found for men than women, primarily of the internal rotators, among all three groups. However, the men in the no-pain group had greater strength of the internal rotators than the two other groups. Range of motion was comparable between sexes, but the women without shoulder pain demonstrated significantly less internal and external rotation range of motion compared to those playing with shoulder pain and those with previous pain.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 4","pages":"522-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Shoulder Proprioceptive Sense of Force: Hand-Held Dynamometer Reliability and Comparison with Isokinetic Protocols.","authors":"Xavier Amen, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Stéphane Baudry, Dominique Mouraux, Joachim Van Cant","doi":"10.26603/001c.129585","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.129585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proprioception is crucial for shoulder stability, yet clinical methods for assessing all aspects, particularly the sense of force (SOF) -the ability to perceive, interpret, and reproduce force at a joint-are limited. The purpose of this study was to test a new SOF protocol with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and examine its agreement with an isokinetic dynamometer (IKD), as well as its reliability and the effect of contraction intensity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional measurement study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-one healthy participants were assessed for SOF using an Isokinetic dynamometer (IKD) and a HHD to evaluate the agreement between the two methods. Of the initial sample, 25 participants completed a second session with the HHD, enabling the evaluation of the protocol's reliability exclusively with this device. Error score were also compared between three different contraction intensities: 10%, 30% and 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) for intra-rater (within-day and between-day) and inter-rater (within-day) reliability while agreement between the tools was assessed using regression line method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement between devices was low with a poor correlation observed between measurements. The HHD SOF protocol showed low to moderate reliability for intra-rater between-day assessments, with ICCs from 0.44 to 0.64. The absolute reliability MDC95 ranged from 12% to 42%. Inter-rater within-day reliability was low, with ICCs from 0.007 to 0.43. Significant differences in error scores were observed between the HHD and IKD at 30% and 50% MVIC, and higher error scores were noted at Target 10% MVIC compared to 30% and 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SOF protocol using HHD demonstrates moderate reliability but low inter-rater reliability. Different tools yield varying results, with force intensity impacting SOF error scores, while rotation does not.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 3","pages":"400-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}