International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Resident Case Series: The Utility of the Athletic Shoulder Test Using Wireless Portable Force Plates for Measuring Peak Force in NCAA Division One Collegiate Quarterbacks.","authors":"Carmen Sclafani, Patrick Smith, Terry McHugh, Patricia Crane","doi":"10.26603/001c.141279","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the high incidence of shoulder injuries among quarterbacks due to the repetitive stress of the overhead throwing motion, there is a need for targeted, sport-specific assessments that reflect the functional demands of throwing. The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test, previously validated in rugby and baseball populations, offers a potential solution for upper extremity strength assessment in football quarterbacks. The primary purpose of this case series was to explore the feasibility of conducting the ASH test as a method for evaluating upper extremity strength in overhead athletes, specifically collegiate quarterbacks.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three NCAA Division I quarterbacks participated in weekly ASH testing over a nine-week period. Peak isometric force, peak force normalized to body weight, and limb symmetry indices were measured in the shoulder \"Y\" and \"T\" positions using portable force plates. Testing was completed pre-practice on non-game days to minimize fatigue effects and maintain consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dominant shoulder consistently produced greater peak force than the non-dominant side in both Y and T positions. The mean dominant-to-non-dominant limb symmetry index was 1.13 in the Y position and 1.14 in the T position. Within limbs, peak force was greater in the Y position than in the T position. In both positions and in both arms, athletes generated at least 14% of their body weight in force on average.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings can provide insight into strength asymmetries and functional performance benchmarks, enabling strength coaches, athletic trainers, and rehabilitation professionals to fine-tune training and rehabilitation programs. Incorporating the ASH test into a standardized assessment battery may enhance the ability to evaluate an athlete's readiness to train or compete, promoting a proactive approach to performance optimization and injury prevention. Its utility and actionable metrics make the ASH test a practical tool for in-season monitoring, allowing practitioners to make informed, data-driven adjustments throughout the season.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1039-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Biomechanical and Clinical Analysis of a Youth Ambidextrous Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report.","authors":"Sarah L Woelfel, Dimitri D Haan, Cameron B Jensen, Katie T Martens, Adam B Rosen, Samuel J Wilkins, Brian A Knarr","doi":"10.26603/001c.140546","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambidextrous baseball pitchers are a rare phenomenon and present unique challenges in performance optimization and injury mitigation. Biomechanical and clinical analyses are fundamental to understanding performance adaptations and injury risks in developing athletes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this case report is to describe key biomechanical and clinical differences between the dominant and nondominant throwing arms of a youth ambidextrous baseball pitcher across three timepoints using a multidisciplinary approach. The authors hypothesized that both age-related changes and arm-to-arm differences would be observed in the athlete's anthropometric and biomechanical measurements.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case Report.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The athlete was a youth ambidextrous baseball pitcher who underwent voluntary pitching evaluations at ages 11, 12, and 14, while actively competing in organized youth baseball. The athlete first completed a clinical analysis, consisting of a passive range of motion assessment of shoulder internal and external rotation, hip internal rotation, and hamstring flexibility. Then the athlete completed a biomechanical analysis consisting of 3D motion capture to acquire kinematic and kinetic data of both throwing arms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The athlete demonstrated a progressive decline in total shoulder arc of motion bilaterally, with the greatest reduction observed on the nondominant side by age 14. Biomechanical data showed improvement in trunk rotation (>30°) and shoulder abduction angles, aligning with recommended values. However, shoulder distraction force and elbow varus torque increased over time, especially by the third evaluation, potentially reflecting increased pitch velocity and musculoskeletal loading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few studies have examined side-to-side biomechanical and clinical differences in ambidextrous pitchers. This case highlights changes over time that may reflect developmental adaptations, emphasizing the value of regular monitoring to identify asymmetries and manage injury risk.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1060-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Running Speed on Cadence and Running Kinetics.","authors":"Abbey Leacox, Lucy Fashingbauer, Thomas Ferguson, Anna Zajakowski, Brian Baum, Mark Reinking","doi":"10.26603/001c.140544","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that a lower running cadence (<170 steps/min) increases the risk of injury in runners. However, the immediate effect of increasing running speed on running cadence and ground reaction forces in experienced runners has not been well studied.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effect of running speed on running cadence and ground reaction forces in a sample of experienced runners.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty runners ages 21-49 (11 female, 19 male) consented to participate. Inclusion criteria included running at least 24 km (15 miles) per week for the past year, and no running-related injury in the prior three months. Subjects completed a 6-minute acclimatization to running on an instrumented treadmill, during which they identified their preferred training pace. After a short break, each runner then ran at seven predetermined speeds in the order as listed: 2.68 m/s, 2.82 m/s, 2.98 m/s, 3.35 m/s, 3.58 m/s, and 3.83 m/sec. Participants ran for 90 seconds at each of the speeds and during the final 30 seconds of each running bout, cadence was counted and ground reaction forces were recorded. Ground reaction forces measured included overall peak vertical force, vertical impact peak, vertical average loading rate, peak braking force, and braking impulse. Temporospatial and ground reaction forces were analyzed using repeated measures general linear model. Kinetic data from left and right limbs were compared using paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences existed between the right and left limb force data so only the left limb data are reported. Mean cadence increased from 169 steps/min at 2.68 m/s to 178 steps/min (p<0.001) at 3.83 m/s. All ground reaction force variables also increased significantly (p<0.001) from the slow to fast speed. Both stance time and step time decreased significantly (p<0.001) from the slow to the fast speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that in a group of experienced runners, as running speed increases, both cadence and ground reaction forces increase. Concurrently, both stance time and step time decreased.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"957-963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity & Reliability of Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound to Measure Cervical Disc Height.","authors":"Jeffrey Thompson, Jean-Michel Brismée, Phillip Page, Troy Hooper, Kathleen Rosendahl-Garcia, Stéphane Sobczak","doi":"10.26603/001c.140889","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) height can be used to indirectly measure of IVD hydration status. Intervertebral disc dehydration results in height loss, which can contribute to degenerative disc disease. There is need for in situ cervical IVD ultrasound assessment to better understand spinal health.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine reliability and validity of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSU) as a tool to measure cervical IVD height compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at C4-5, C5-6 and C6-7 spinal segments.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This three-phase study enrolled 40 participants. Over the course of the study, 900 measurements of IVD were taken. Ten subjects participated in cervical spine MRI and MSU imaging to determine inter-rater reliability for cervical IVD height measurements. Twenty subjects underwent MRI and MSU to obtain images for measurement comparison and Bland-Altman Analysis assessed agreement between MSU and MRI (α=.05) for validity. Randomized, blinded, repeated-measures design using mean values was used to determine inter-rater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(2,3)) and standard error of measurement (SEM) at each IVD segment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anterior cervical IVD height of MRI and MSU were ≥0.91(95%CI=0.66-0.98) and ≥0.68(95%CI=0.27-0.92), respectively. Musculoskeletal ultrasound measurement's SEM between raters was comparable to MRI at ≤0.43mm (7.9%). No significant differences nor proportional bias between MRI and MSU measurements (p<0.05) were found at any IVD spinal level, r(18)=0.83, p<0.01. Average underestimation of MSU measurements compared to MRI was ≤ -0.10mm (2.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methodology used for MSU cervical IVD height imaging and measurements was found to be moderately to highly reliable. Comparisons measurements between MRI and MSU support the use of MSU to measure cervical IVD height in future investigations, including variables which may affect the IVD hydration and homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>I 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"964-973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of A Measuring Tape for Assessing Hip Adduction via Ober's Test.","authors":"Anthony D'Amico, Kevin Silva, Charla Bouranis, Katelyn Nicolay, Joseph Gallo","doi":"10.26603/001c.140659","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.140659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip adduction is typically assessed via Ober's test, using a handheld goniometer or inclinometer. As an alternative, a measuring tape, is sometimes used for this purpose in clinical settings, but there is currently no evidence to support this method's reliability. # PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, along with the measurement precision of assessing hip adduction via Ober's test with a measuring tape.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive reliability study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A licensed athletic trainer conducted two Ober's tests on each hip of 31 healthy adults (62 hips), 30 minutes apart, and two separate licensed athletic trainers collected measurements of the test using a measuring tape, a handheld goniometer, and a digital inclinometer. Each athletic trainer was blinded to the other's results. An intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of each measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measuring tape (R hip: 0.90, L hip: 0.90), handheld goniometer (R hip: 0.80, L hip: 0.83), and digital inclinometer (R hip: 0.86, L hip: 0.90) all demonstrated 'good' inter-rater reliability. Measuring tape (R hip: 0.76, L hip: 0.83), handheld goniometer (R hip: .65, L hip: 0.77), and digital inclinometer (R hip: 0.73, L hip: 0.81) all demonstrated 'moderate' to 'good' intra-rater reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A measuring tape can be used to reliably evaluate hip adduction via Ober's test. Given its relative simplicity and low cost, it may be considered a viable tool for flexibility assessments, where applicable.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3-Reliability study.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1029-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Plantar Fascia.","authors":"Robert C Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight","doi":"10.26603/001c.141177","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plantar fascia is composed of fibrous connective tissue that forms a band running from the calcaneal tubercle distally to the toes. One of its main roles is to provide passive support to the medial longitudinal arch on the sole of the foot. This support is compared to a tie-rod tension producer during weight bearing. When loaded excessively during vocational or athletic activities, overuse in the form of plantar fasciitis can occur. Accurate diagnosis fascial injury is essential for appropriate treatment planning and optimizing patient outcomes. Diagnostic musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound offers a portable, real-time, and cost-effective alternative that is gaining traction in rehabilitation and sports medicine settings. MSK ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating plantar fascia injuries including tissue hypertrophy or structural changes and damage at the calcaneal fascial enthesis. MSK ultrasound is adept at detecting changes in tendon tissue composition and integrity. Furthermore, this manuscript will review the utility of MSK ultrasound in evaluating the plantar fascial injury, including its anatomy, common injury patterns, sonographic techniques, and clinical implications for professional rehabilitation. By integrating MSK ultrasound into clinical practice, providers can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, enhance diagnostic confidence, monitor healing progression, and guide rehabilitation strategies to optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1091-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Anatomical and Pathological Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit Among Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nimrah Afzal, Ishaq Ahmed, Saania K Khanzada, Faryal Zaidi, Shagufta Arif, Syeda R Naqvi","doi":"10.26603/001c.141247","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141247","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) has been widely researched in a variety of overhead sports, most notably baseball players. While some research involving volleyball players has been conducted, there is still a considerable gap in the current understanding of this topic. Volleyball play frequently results in obvious disparities in the range of motion between the dominant and non-dominant arms, notably in internal rotation, external rotation and total range of motion of the shoulder joint. GIRD has been associated with increased injury risk and shoulder strength deficits. However, distinguishing between anatomical GIRD (aGIRD) - a normal adaptation in overhead athletes and pathological GIRD (pGIRD) which is linked to injury and impaired performance - offers critical insight into how different subtypes may contribute to shoulder dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of anatomical and pathological GIRD sub-types in volleyball players and examine their association with gender, court position, weekly practice time, and experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;One hundred-seventy professional and semi-professional volleyball players, 91 female and 79 male, participated in the study (Age: 24.45 ± 3.24). One hundred thirty-seven participants (80.6%) reported being right hand dominant. Thirty-three participants (19.4%) reported being left hand dominant. A universal goniometer was utilized to measure the internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM) and external rotation (ER) ROM of the dominant and non-dominant arms, and the total range of motion (TROM) was calculated. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine associations between GIRD classification (aGIRD, pGIRD, absent GIRD) and categorical variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A significantly higher prevalence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit was observed in this study when compared to previous studies, accounting for 89.4% (152) of the total. Of those found to have glenohumeral internal rotation deficit 80 individuals (52.6%) had pGIRD and 72 individuals (37.4%) had aGIRD. There were associations between GIRD type and experience (p = 0.001), weekly practice time (p = 0.002), gender (p &lt; 0.001), and court position (p = 0.001). Athletes with more experience, higher practice time, and who were male were more likely to present with pGIRD. pGIRD was also more prevalent among middle and outside hitters, while aGIRD and normal GIRD were more common among setters and middle blockers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;These data suggest that a significant majority of volleyball players exhibit GIRD, with pGIRD being more prevalent among those affected. Factors such as experience, weekly practice time, gender, and court playing position were found to be significantly associated with the type of GIRD, highlighting the complex rel","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"974-984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Concept Review: Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: From Rehabilitation to Return to Sport.","authors":"Chao-Jung Hsu, Charlie Lee, Rachel S Christensen, Timothy Y Liu","doi":"10.26603/001c.141128","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure to improve the clinical outcomes for recurrent patellar dislocation. Current literature on MPFL reconstruction lacks the details on rehabilitation protocols and the criteria for clearance to sports participation. Additionally, research on biomechanical deficits after MPFL reconstruction remains limited, and psychological factors influencing return to sport (RTS) are often underemphasized. A comprehensive approach integrating clinical criteria, biomechanical assessments, and psychological considerations may optimize rehabilitation outcomes and RTS success. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide a comprehensive review of current literature in MPFL reconstruction rehabilitation and outcomes. This commentary will review published rehabilitation protocols to outline phase-specific guidelines. Current literature related to biomechanical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes, impairment and performance-based outcomes and psychological measures will be summarized. Finally, RTS guidelines with objective criteria will be provided. # Level of Evidence Level 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"1074-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Force Plate Jump Testing Metrics Relevant to Return to Play Decision Making in Basketball Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Christopher S Hart, Elizabeth S Chumanov","doi":"10.26603/001c.141101","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.141101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Force plate vertical jump testing can identify persistent lower limb asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Unfortunately, there is no consensus on which vertical jump task, nor the hundreds of available metric assessment combinations that are relevant to basketball athletes after ACLR. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the jump performances of high school and collegiate male basketball athletes in the final stages of ACLR rehabilitation to 1) establish referenceable between-limb symmetry scores, and 2) identify metrics that best detect between-limb asymmetry during common vertical jump tasks. # Study Design Retrospective cohort examination # Methods Forty-nine male high school and collegiate basketball athletes who underwent primary ACLR were examined using a dual force plate system in the final stages rehabilitation. Participants were subdivided into two groups: athletes who exhibited above or below 90% isokinetic quadriceps peak torque limb symmetry index (LSI). Select jump metrics were collected from three jumping tasks: double-leg countermovement jump (DL-CMJ), single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ), and single-leg repeat hop (SL-RH). Referenceable LSI jump scores were reported using descriptive analysis and compared between the two groups using independent samples t-tests. # Results Significant differences in LSI between the two groups were identified (p< 0.05) during the DL-CMJ: eccentric rate of force development (MD= -22.6), concentric impulse (MD= -22.4), concentric impulse 100ms (MD= -24.0), contact time (MD= -.43), and peak take-off force (MD= -12.7), and during the SL-RH: jump height (MD= -12.4) and flight time:contact time (MD= 13.3). No significant differences were found during SL-CMJ testing. # Conclusions In the final phases of ACLR rehabilitation, basketball athletes who exhibit quadriceps strength asymmetry also demonstrated greater asymmetry during double-leg and single-leg reactive jumping tasks but not during single-leg countermovement jumps suggesting the importance of a battery of jump tests to ensure adequate restoration of physical qualities required for the sport. # Level of Evidence Level 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 7","pages":"985-994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administering the ACL-RSI Before or After ACL Functional Testing: Does It Matter?","authors":"Daniel Larson, Justin Rohrberg, Daniel Lorenz, Nicole Clark","doi":"10.26603/001c.138310","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.138310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological readiness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), as measured by the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, has become a critical factor in determining an athlete's ability to return to sport. While the ACL-RSI is widely used, the influence of the timing of its administration in relation to physical performance testing has not been studied.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to investigate the differences in ACL-RSI scores and subscale scores assessed up to one week before versus immediately after exposure to objective physical performance testing, but prior to reviewing the results with the athlete.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty athletes recovering from ACLR participated in this study. The ACL-RSI questionnaire was administered within one week prior to and immediately after completing a return-to-sport physical performance testing battery. The testing included elements assessing maximum volitional force production, explosiveness, and hopping and landing ability. Changes in overall ACL-RSI scores and its subscales (emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in ACL-RSI scores pre- to post return to sport testing (-2.27, p=0.125). However, there was a significant decrease in the emotions subscale (-5.08, p=0.006), suggesting that physical testing may negatively impact emotional readiness. The confidence in performance and risk appraisal subscales did not show significant changes. Despite no statistical differences in ACL-RSI scores pre- to post return to sport testing, 20% of participants exhibited a change in ACL-RSI scores that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), highlighting individual variability in psychological responses to testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that administering the ACL-RSI after physical performance testing may provide a more accurate assessment of some athletes' psychological readiness to return to sport. The significant reduction in the emotions subscale underscores the need for further research into the emotional impact of physical testing.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"20 6","pages":"770-778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}