Gianmatteo Farabolini, Alessia Perta, Maria Gabriella Ceravolo, Andrea Marini
{"title":"Early Communicative-Language Emergence: Identification of Late Talkers and Parental Perceptions of a Web-Based Parent-Report Assessment Tool","authors":"Gianmatteo Farabolini, Alessia Perta, Maria Gabriella Ceravolo, Andrea Marini","doi":"10.1002/icd.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evidence on communicative-language development paths across children with and without a late language emergence (LLE) is mixed, particularly concerning socio-conversational skills (SCS) and executive functions (EFs). We administered a web-based communicative-language assessment completed by parents of 202 children aged 24–36 months. Ninety-four parents completed the assessment in person and provided feedback on their experience with the assessment, while 108 participated remotely. No significant differences emerged across assessment administrations (in person vs. remotely). Parental perceptions indicated positive experiences highlighting the need for clearer instructions to enhance assessment reliability. Children with LLE (<i>N</i> = 32) exhibited significantly lower SCS (both responsiveness and assertiveness) and socioeconomic status (SES) scores. Also, SES and responsiveness were significant predictors of LLE. Our findings highlight the emphasize the significant role of SCS and SES in early language development. Furthermore, we discussed our findings on parental perceptions, administration procedures, and gender differences, promoting early LLE identification through our web-based tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personal and Observational Episodic Memory Support Episodic Future Thinking for Oneself and Another in 3–5-Year-Olds","authors":"Que Anh Pham, Tashauna Blankenship","doi":"10.1002/icd.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seminal studies on children's episodic future thinking (EFT) have focused on EFT facilitated by direct experience. However, social EFT—helping someone with a future task—may rely on observing that person to infer goals and offer appropriate support. The role of personal and observational memory in guiding EFT for oneself and another was examined. One hundred sixty-four children ages 3–5 years (92 females) who were Asian (<i>n</i> = 34), Black (<i>n</i> = 2), White (<i>n</i> = 118) and mixed-race (<i>n</i> = 8) (remaining unknown) participated. Results showed that children performed best when episodic memory (EM) and EFT conditions matched: Personal EM supported EFT for oneself and observational EM supported EFT for another, both above chance (respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>g</i> = 0.49; <i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>g</i> = 0.39).</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leah Sack, LouAnn Gerken, Sébastien Hélie, Lisa Goffman
{"title":"Young School-Aged Children Are Sensitive to Simple and Complex Sequential Patterns in a Modified Serial Reaction Time Task","authors":"Leah Sack, LouAnn Gerken, Sébastien Hélie, Lisa Goffman","doi":"10.1002/icd.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The goal of this work is to determine how young children acquire domain-general sequential patterns that we hypothesize underlie language learning. Participants included 26 typically developing children, aged 5.0 to 8.9 (years.months; 12 female). Six participants (23%) identified as Hispanic (White: <i>n</i> = 4; Multiracial: <i>n</i> = 1; Unspecified: <i>n</i> = 1). Twenty participants identified as Not Hispanic (White: <i>n</i> = 16; Black/African American: <i>n</i> = 1; Multiracial; <i>n</i> = 3). A modified serial reaction time task assessed children's abilities to learn sequences that share key elements with either Word segmentation or grammatical structure. In the Word condition, sequences were based on local transitional probabilities. In the Grammar condition, sequences complied with a second-order rule. Each condition included a randomized comparison block. Children were sensitive to the sequences in both the Word and Grammar conditions during training, though this emerged more rapidly in the Word condition. Effect sizes (<i>η</i><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>) ranged from moderate to large. Importantly, children did not generalize to novel exemplars in the Grammar condition. Thus, they may have attended to associative biphone sequences or visual features of the array rather than learning the second-order rule itself. This task affords the embedding of linguistically relevant sequences into a simple manual task to reveal domain-general learning mechanisms relevant for language.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habtamu Mekonnen, Girmay Medhin, Mark Tomlinson, Charlotte Hanlon
{"title":"Postnatal Maternal Common Mental Disorders and Child Cognitive Development at the Age of 10.4 Years: Evidence From a Longitudinal Cohort Study in Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Mekonnen, Girmay Medhin, Mark Tomlinson, Charlotte Hanlon","doi":"10.1002/icd.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Child cognition is a core developmental domain and a key predictor of later functioning. While postnatal maternal common mental disorders (CMDs) have been linked to poorer cognitive outcomes in high-income settings, evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is mixed, with limited long-term studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the C-MaMiE cohort in rural Ethiopia, we examined the prospective association between maternal CMD at 2 months postpartum and child cognitive development at age 10.4 years. The analytic sample included 435 children (52.4% boys; mean age = 10.4 years, SD = 0.3) and their mothers, with a mean age of 33.79 years (SD = 5.59). Maternal CMD was measured with the WHO's SRQ-20; child cognition was assessed using an adapted Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. We found no significant association between maternal CMD and child cognitive scores (<i>β</i> = 0.15 [−0.48, 0.79], <i>p</i> = 0.632). However, maternal non-literacy, thatched roofing, weekly maternal khat use and child stunting were significantly associated with lower cognitive scores. Findings highlight the importance of addressing structural and nutritional factors to support child development in LMIC contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bidirectionality of Kindergarten Children's Social Mastery Motivation and Social–Emotional Competence","authors":"Wing Kai Fung, Kevin Kien Hoa Chung","doi":"10.1002/icd.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the bidirectional relationship between social mastery motivation and social–emotional competence in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese kindergarten children. Participants were parents (15 fathers and 124 mothers) and teachers (22 in total) of 139 children (52.5% boys, mean age = 4.41 years) from a local kindergarten situated in a middle-socioeconomic area. At Time 1, parents provided demographic information, and teachers rated children's social mastery motivation and social–emotional competence through questionnaires. Six months later, at Time 2, teachers performed the rating again. A cross-lagged path model demonstrated evidence for co-development between the two constructs. Children's social mastery motivation at Time 1 positively predicted their social–emotional competence at Time 2 (<i>β</i> = 0.39, SE = 0.04, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and social–emotional competence at Time 1 significantly predicted social mastery motivation at Time 2 (<i>β</i> = 0.24, SE = 0.15, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The findings highlight that children who are more motivated to initiate and persist in social interactions tend to develop stronger social–emotional skills over time, and vice versa. The results also underscore the utility of the play-based approach by offering kindergarten children additional group play opportunities, such as sociodramatic play, to nurture these motivational desires and skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucie Malevergne, Eve Reynaud, Alice Desforges, Sabine Plancoulaine, Stéphanie Mazza, Amandine E. Rey
{"title":"Nap Cessation in Preschoolers: When Context Matters Beyond Age-Related Biology","authors":"Lucie Malevergne, Eve Reynaud, Alice Desforges, Sabine Plancoulaine, Stéphanie Mazza, Amandine E. Rey","doi":"10.1002/icd.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the transition from biphasic to monophasic sleep in preschool children aged 3–5 years by characterising nap behaviours. Parent-reported data from 1498 preschool children in France were analysed using latent class analysis, considering nap frequency, duration, timing and acceptance at home and school. Five distinct profiles were identified: regular, frequent, school, home and non-nappers. While several profiles followed an expected age-related pattern, two reflected discrepancies between home and school nap practices, suggesting the influence of environmental constraints beyond biological maturation. Context-dependent profiles showed signs of sleep misalignment: school nappers exhibited more sleep onset difficulties, whereas older home nappers showed greater daytime fatigue despite normal nighttime sleep, suggesting unmet sleep needs. Together, these findings indicate that nap cessation reflects a dynamic interplay between developmental maturation and contextual factors, rather than age alone. The results support flexible and individualised preschool nap practices, rather than uniform policies based solely on chronological age.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hajar Jahadian Sarvestani, Elaheh Arabameri, Sayed Kavos Salehi, Carl Gabbard
{"title":"Examining the Multifaceted Factors Underlying Infant Gross Motor Development: A Structural Equation Model","authors":"Hajar Jahadian Sarvestani, Elaheh Arabameri, Sayed Kavos Salehi, Carl Gabbard","doi":"10.1002/icd.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gross motor development in infancy is a key indicator of psychomotor maturation and is influenced by a range of individual, maternal and environmental factors. This study examined the relative contributions of individual, maternal and environmental factors to gross motor development in infants aged 3 to 8 months. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 541 mother–infant dyads with infants aged 3 to 8 months. Gross motor skills were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Predictor variables were categorised into individual, maternal and environmental domains. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and supplementary regression analyses were conducted. Exploratory SEM analyses suggested that individual and environmental factors may be associated with gross motor development, with standardised coefficients of (−0.15) and (0.15), respectively. Supplementary regression analyses showed that several individual factors, particularly mastery motivation, birth season and child age, were significantly associated with gross motor development. Within the maternal domain, pre-pregnancy body mass index and mode of delivery were significantly associated with gross motor outcomes. Among environmental factors, father–infant attachment showed a potential association with gross motor development. These findings provide exploratory evidence suggesting that individual, maternal and environmental factors are associated with infant gross motor development, highlighting the multifactorial nature of early motor development. However, given the suboptimal fit of the SEM model, these results should be interpreted with caution and considered preliminary rather than confirmatory. Further studies using refined structural models are needed to clarify the relative contributions of these domains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family and Community Social Capital on Early Childhood Behaviour Before and During the Pandemic","authors":"Nanxun Li, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung","doi":"10.1002/icd.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The positive impact of social capital on adolescent well-being has been well documented, but its role in early childhood development remains underexplored, especially in the Asian contexts. This study investigates how family and community social capital shape behavioural outcomes among preschool children (aged 3–6), using nationally representative data from the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (<i>N</i> = 2206). Multilevel regression models show that both family and community social capital were linked to fewer behaviour problems before the COVID-19 pandemic, with disadvantaged children benefiting most from community cohesion, consistent with resource substitution theory. However, the influence of community social capital weakened during the pandemic, benefiting only children in middle- or high-SES neighbourhoods, while disadvantaged children faced compounded risks from limited family and community resources. The findings have implications for policymakers to foster community social cohesion and reciprocity, especially in the post-pandemic period, which, in turn, could promote social equity and children's well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cornelia Brown, Frankie T. K. Fong, Andrew Whiten, Mark Nielsen
{"title":"Viewing Models' Actions on Varied Digital Devices Elicits Over-Imitation as Strongly as Viewing Actions Live","authors":"Cornelia Brown, Frankie T. K. Fong, Andrew Whiten, Mark Nielsen","doi":"10.1002/icd.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been frequently documented that children will readily reproduce an adult's object-directed action sequence, even if this sequence includes demonstrably causally irrelevant components. This so-called over-imitation also appears to remain intact when the model appears on a screen. However, children are increasingly exposed to different digital devices and the extent to which the medium of presentation impacts social learning proclivities remains untested. The current study aimed to address this gap. In a between-subjects design, 119 3- to 5-year-old children (65 boys and 54 girls) of predominantly Caucasian origin were allocated to four conditions. In three digital device conditions, children watched a model on a smartphone, tablet or TV performing irrelevant actions on an apparatus. A fourth group of children watched the equivalent demonstration performed by a live model. Results revealed no difference in over-imitation across the different conditions, suggesting children interpret certain types of social information similarly whether presented live or on different screen media formats. This highlights the narrowing gap between children's learning from digital devices and real-world scenarios. Additionally, the findings provide developmental researchers with greater confidence that the type of digital device used in studying social learning may be less important than the quality and content it provides.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sha Xie, Mengya Xia, Shiyun Chen, Mengyun He, Hong Yin, Xinli Chi
{"title":"Movement Behaviour and Emotion Regulation in Young Children: A Daily Diary Study","authors":"Sha Xie, Mengya Xia, Shiyun Chen, Mengyun He, Hong Yin, Xinli Chi","doi":"10.1002/icd.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilised a person-centred, daily diary design to examine how patterns of daily movement behaviours (physical activity, screen time and sleep) relate to emotion regulation in young children. Mothers of 257 Chinese preschoolers (aged 35–83 months) completed daily reports on their children's after-school movement behaviours and emotion regulation for 14 consecutive days. Multilevel latent profile analysis identified four distinct daily movement behaviour profiles: (1) Less Sleep and Screen, (2) High Engagement, (3) Less Sport and Screen Free and (4) Intensive Sport and Screen. Multilevel regression results indicated that daily behaviour patterns significantly predicted variations in emotion regulation on the same day and across days. Specifically, days characterised by the ‘High Engagement’ profile were associated with higher emotional negativity compared to ‘Less Sport and Screen Free’ days. Demographically, children with higher parental education levels were significantly less likely to exhibit the ‘Intensive Sport and Screen’ profile. These results underscore the dynamic, co-dependent nature of daily movement behaviours and their immediate ‘spillover’ effects on emotional functioning, highlighting the utility of daily diary methodologies in capturing these micro-longitudinal interactions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}