Infant and Child Development最新文献

{"title":"Parents Adaptively Adjust Timing and Musical Complexity in Object-Use Demonstrations During Early Triadic Interactions","authors":"A. Mendoza-García,&nbsp;N. Alessandroni,&nbsp;A. Moreno-Núñez","doi":"10.1002/icd.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early musical interactions play a formative role in structuring infant-caregiver exchanges. However, much of the research on communicative musicality has focused on dyadic formats, overlooking the triadic contexts in which infants engage with adults and objects. This study investigates how the musical structuring of adult object-use demonstrations varies across infancy and how these temporal features adapt over developmental time. Drawing on longitudinal naturalistic observations, we analysed monthly home recordings of eight adult-infant dyads in Spain, including infants aged 6–12 months (4 girls, 4 boys) and caregivers (7 women, 1 man). Demonstrations were coded for spatial proximity (distant vs. immediate) and musical complexity (three levels) and analysed using generalised linear mixed-effects models. Results revealed differentiated developmental trajectories across levels of musical complexity. Minimally structured demonstrations (Level 1) showed declining trends in both duration and frequency as infants matured. Moderately complex demonstrations (Level 2) decreased in duration but increased in frequency. Highly structured demonstrations (Level 3) lengthened significantly with age while maintaining stable frequency. Models accounted for moderate variance (conditional <i>R</i>² = 0.188–0.292), indicating meaningful developmental adaptations contingent on musical structuring. These findings highlight how adults dynamically calibrate their actions' temporal and musical features to scaffold infants' developing capacities within evolving triadic ecologies, offering new insight into the architecture of early social cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (Reverse) Colavita Effect in Emotion Recognition: Children and Adults Come to Different Conclusions When Categorising Incongruent Emotional Audio-Visual Stimuli","authors":"Paddy Ross,&nbsp;Kaitlin Munro,&nbsp;Cyrilla Prasetyo,&nbsp;Aine O’Toole,&nbsp;Chanumi Hewakadawedduwage,&nbsp;Millie Smith,&nbsp;Ebonee Davies","doi":"10.1002/icd.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous work has shown that different sensory channels are prioritised across the life course, with children preferentially responding to auditory information and adults to visual information. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether this effect extends to more socially meaningful stimuli, namely emotional stimuli. Sixty-eight young children (<i>Mage</i> = 6.32, SD = 1.24), 30 older children (<i>Mage</i> = 9.87, SD = 0.86), and 66 adults (<i>Mage</i> = 24.25, SD = 12.9), viewed congruent and incongruent dynamic emotional body and voice stimuli pairs, then were asked how the person was feeling. We saw no age-related difference in accuracy ratings for congruent audio/visual stimuli. When presented with incongruent stimuli however (e.g., Happy body movements and Fearful vocalisations), children responded that the person was feeling the emotion that they heard (auditory dominance) significantly more than chance across all emotional combinations used. Adults responded either at chance or reported that the person was feeling the emotion that they saw (visual dominance). We show a developmental difference in the emotional interpretation of incongruent bi-modal stimuli, moving from an auditory dominance in childhood to having either no preference or a visual dominance in adulthood. The potential underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed as well as potential practical implications in education and neurodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Attentional and Memory Processes When Learning From a Peer or an Adult in Children","authors":"Marion Décaillet,&nbsp;Paola Zanchi,&nbsp;Tamara Mino-Matot,&nbsp;Coline Grasset,&nbsp;Solange Denervaud","doi":"10.1002/icd.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both adult–child and child–child interactions support learning, yet it remains unclear whether children engage distinct cognitive strategies depending on the social context. In this study, 62 children aged 6–12 years, tested in Switzerland, completed a memory task in which novel objects were introduced by either a child or an adult speaker. Eye-tracking was used to measure visual attention during encoding. Across conditions, children attended more to people than to objects, with age predicting increased attention to peer speakers. Crucially, attentional strategies predicted memory performance in context-specific ways: in the peer condition, longer fixation on objects enhanced recall, whereas in the adult condition, attention to the speaker was more beneficial. Despite these patterns, when later asked to choose a favourite real object, children more often selected one that had been introduced by an adult than by a peer. Together, these findings suggest that children flexibly tailor their attentional and mnemonic strategies to the social source of information, underscoring the value of combining peer- and adult-led opportunities in educational practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148902129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal Investigation of Perceptual Body Image and Media Influence Among Ethnically Diverse School Children in Rural Nicaragua","authors":"T. Thornborrow,&nbsp;M. J. Tovée,&nbsp;E. H. Evans,&nbsp;L. G. Boothroyd","doi":"10.1002/icd.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Body dissatisfaction (BD) often arises from the discrepancy between a person's perceived body and an ‘ideal’ body. Mass media's adult-targeted body ‘ideals’ also reach children and shape their body perceptions. BD is arising at increasingly younger ages in global north populations, however, there is scant research investigating media impacts on children's body perceptions in Latin American contexts. We longitudinally investigated the relationships of television viewing, age and gender with children's body size perceptual accuracy and child and adult body size ideals among Nicaraguan primary school children (<i>N</i> = 170) living in rural communities with systematically varying media access. As expected, general body size accuracy increased with age. Girls, and not boys, who watched more television desired slimmer adult bodies, and showed greater own-body size accuracy. Findings show shared and context-specific patterns compared with global north samples, with media and developmental maturation each shaping different aspects of body perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In a Barbie World: Gender‐Amplified Dolls and Children's Occupational Aspirations","authors":"Megan Fulcher, Kingsley M. Schroeder, M. Davis Straske, M. Tess Fulcher","doi":"10.1002/icd.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70137","url":null,"abstract":"Toys are an important part of children's environments and present children with a binary representation of gender. Dolls with gender‐amplified appearances may present children with limited play activities and a narrow sense of what men and women look like and do. Sixty‐two four‐ to six‐year‐old children were randomly assigned to play with a doll of their gender that was either gender‐amplified or not. Children played with the dolls in areas that contained gender‐typed doll‐sized toys and subsequently played with child‐sized toys in gendered play areas without the doll. This study examined the impact of amplification of dolls on children's gendered play. Results described three types of play behaviours: masculine, feminine and mixed. Children who played with gender‐amplified dolls spent less time in the other‐gender‐typed areas. Children who played across areas showed more efficacy for both masculine and feminine occupations, suggesting that children benefit from gender‐diverse play experiences.","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Prediction of Probabilistic Reasoning in Young Children","authors":"Karen De Keersmaeker, Anne‐Sophie Supply, Wim Van Dooren, Patrick Onghena","doi":"10.1002/icd.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70135","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate (1) the development of probabilistic reasoning before formal instruction, measured yearly from 3rd grade preschool to 3rd grade elementary school and (2) the role of early numerical abilities measured in 2nd year preschool and vocabulary knowledge, measured at the beginning of 3rd year preschool for probabilistic reasoning. For the present study, 292 children (150 girls) were longitudinally followed from preschool ( <jats:italic>M</jats:italic> <jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 4y10m) until the 3rd grade of elementary school. Probabilistic reasoning abilities were assessed by evaluating children's performance on three tasks: (a) distinguish certain from uncertain events, (b) compare probabilities, and (c) create equal probabilities. Children grew steadily regarding all probabilistic reasoning tasks (i.e., distinguish certain from uncertain events, <jats:italic>p &lt;</jats:italic> 0.001, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> <jats:sup> <jats:italic>2</jats:italic> </jats:sup> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> </jats:sub> = 0.31; compare probabilities, <jats:italic>p &lt;</jats:italic> 0.001, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> <jats:sup> <jats:italic>2</jats:italic> </jats:sup> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> </jats:sub> = 0.42; create equal probabilities, <jats:italic>p &lt;</jats:italic> 0.001, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic> <jats:sup> <jats:italic>2</jats:italic> </jats:sup> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> </jats:sub> = 0.14), but the growth occurred later on the third task. Furthermore, early numerical abilities predicted children's ability to compare probabilities, and early vocabulary knowledge predicted the performance across all three probabilistic reasoning tasks and the <jats:italic>growth</jats:italic> in the ability to create equal probabilities.","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children Avoid Sick Faces and Improve With Training: A Stage 2 Registered Report","authors":"Tiffany S. Leung,&nbsp;Guangyu Zeng,&nbsp;Sarah E. Maylott,&nbsp;Arushi Malik,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Krisztina V. Jakobsen,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Simpson","doi":"10.1002/icd.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children are vulnerable to disease, yet are poor at recognizing and avoiding sickness. We recruited 5–9-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 120, 38% female, 60% White, 48% Hispanic/Latine) to test whether children's sickness sensitivity can be improved through training. Children randomly assigned to engage in a game-based disease training, compared to a control group, showed greater improvement in pre- to post-training sickness avoidance accuracy, reported using facial features of lassitude (e.g., drooping eyelids) more often when trying to determine facial health, and had higher disgust sensitivity. However, we did not find support for our hypothesis that younger children benefitted more from training than older children. These findings suggest that children's sickness sensitivity may be malleable. Developing interventions for children's pathogen avoidance, that account for the flexibility of children's disease detection system, may reduce disease transmission and improve public health.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> This study was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/25jx4 and as a https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.70024</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rituals and Routines: A Delphi Study With Autistic Young People as Experiential Experts","authors":"Stephanie Petty,&nbsp;Victorina Clegg,&nbsp;Amy Cantwell","doi":"10.1002/icd.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report an updated perspective on what autistic rituals and routines are because there is too little recognition of their variable appearances and underpinning functions. We conducted a novel Constructivist Grounded Delphi study with autistic young people as experiential experts (<i>n</i> = 12) to reach consensus over three rounds. Participants were aged 12–18 years, mean age 15.6 years. Seven reported male gender, five reported female gender. Seven reported White ethnicity, three reported Mixed and two reported Asian ethnicities without giving further details. There were a range of views over whether rituals and routines were the same, similar, or different, but routines were consistently made up of rituals. Rituals were autistic when they had a ‘have to do it’ quality, met personal limits (number, order, colour) and managed anxiety by subjectively organising the day (often linked to a belief that things will be OK). Examples were attention to left/right when dressing, counting when walking, or ending social interactions in a set way. Routines organised activities of daily living and were used mostly at meals and bedtime. Autistic rituals and routines were characterised by their emotional meaning and the disruption to wellbeing when denied. We share this update with autistic people, their families, clinicians and researchers who align with a non-pathologizing approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reputation and Prosocial Lying in Early Childhood: The Role of Urban Versus Rural Cultural Context","authors":"Cynthia Xinran Guo","doi":"10.1002/icd.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children begin to tell antisocial lies by 2.5 years of age; however, prosocial lies do not emerge until around 4 years. What may account for this developmental gap? This study tested whether reputational concern may contribute to the ontogeny of prosocial lying. One hundred and fifty-one children aged 4–7 years were randomly assigned to either a reputation-prime or a no-prime condition and were tested using a novel, repeated-measure task designed to elicit prosocial lying. Children were recruited from a metropolitan city and a rural community in the United States to examine whether urban vs. rural contexts may also influence prosocial lying. Results revealed that the reputation-prime appeared to increase prosocial lying in urban children, but it had the opposite effect in rural children, indicating that the effect of reputation on children's prosocial lying may depend on urban vs. rural aspects of cultural context. Additionally, children became increasingly likely to lie over successive trials, suggesting that prosocial lying may have a self-reinforcing effect.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Parental Emotional Availability: Validation of the Arabic Version of the Lum Emotional Availability of Parents (LEAP) Scale","authors":"Musheer A. Aljaberi,&nbsp;Aiche Sabah,&nbsp;Yi-Ching Lin,&nbsp;Abdul Aziz Al Mazruii,&nbsp;Chiu-Hsiang Lee,&nbsp;Chung-Ying Lin","doi":"10.1002/icd.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emotional availability (EA) is a critical factor in understanding the quality of parent–child interactions. However, the Lum Emotional Availability of Parents (LEAP) scale, a robust instrument applicable to parents across various age groups, lacks psychometric validation in Arabic. The current study aims to develop an Arabic version of the LEAP scale and evaluate its validity and reliability through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance testing, and the application of the Rasch model. This approach was used to ensure the scale's reliability and accuracy in evaluating parental EA in a culturally relevant manner. The study involved 860 adolescents (mean age = 14.33 years, SD = 1.88) from the Chlef province, Algeria. The sample included 55.8% females and 44.2% males, with the majority having parents who were together (92.4%). Data was collected using the LEAP scale. The EFA revealed a two-factor structure for the LEAP scale, which informed subsequent CFA. Both one-factor and two-factor CFA models were tested; the two-factor model demonstrated better fit indices (e.g., comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.963 and 0.957), whereas the one-factor model showed acceptable but comparatively weaker fit (e.g., CFI = 0.914 and 0.914). Measurement invariance analyses of the two-factor model supported invariance across gender groups. Rasch analysis further supported the two-factor structure, indicating acceptable item fit, an appropriate range of item difficulties, and stable measurement properties across both dimensions. The scale also exhibited strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.932 and 0.920). The findings consistently supported a correlated two-factor structure representing Emotional Responsiveness and Relational Validation across both parental forms. Although the two dimensions were highly related and conceptually associated aspects of parental EA, the two-factor solution demonstrated superior psychometric performance relative to the one-factor alternative in this sample. The retention of the two-factor solution was based primarily on superior empirical model fit and theoretically interpretable clustering of item content. The Arabic version of the LEAP scale demonstrated good reliability and satisfactory evidence of structural validity, measurement invariance, and Rasch-based psychometric performance among Algerian adolescents. The present findings provide preliminary psychometric evidence supporting the Arabic adaptation of the LEAP scale within an Algerian adolescent sample and may facilitate future research examining parental EA in Arabic-speaking contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}