Túlio Bernardo Macedo Alfano Moura, Juliane Cristine Leme, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso, Felipe Arruda Moura
{"title":"Determinant biomechanical variables for each sprint phase performance in track and field: A systematic review","authors":"Túlio Bernardo Macedo Alfano Moura, Juliane Cristine Leme, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso, Felipe Arruda Moura","doi":"10.1177/17479541231200526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231200526","url":null,"abstract":"Sprint studies present several variables and methodologies for biomechanical analysis in different phases of running. The variability in the analysis of the sample and distance covered may impede the application of the results in track and field athletes. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the determinant biomechanical variables analyzed in the literature in each sprint phase. Four electronic databases were used (MEDLINE, Web of Science, SportDiscus, and Scopus). Only biomechanical studies with track and field athletes were selected. After the identification, screening, and eligibility process, 109 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and analyzed by the risk of bias assessment. The studies were classified in different sprint phases, according to the sprint task described by the authors (sprint start = 27, acceleration = 32, constant speed = 8, deceleration = 4, and not specified = 38). Factors such as the center of mass position, contact time, force applied on the rear block, and athletes’ ability to generate high amounts of force in the shortest possible time influence the sprint start performance. The acceleration phase is characterized by step frequency and step length transition, propulsive force, and minimization of braking force. Consequently, directing the resulting force as vertically as possible in the braking phase and as horizontally as possible in the anterior direction during the propulsive phase is important during the constant speed phase. In the deceleration phase, the decrease in step frequency and the increase in contact time may influence speed maintenance and, consequently, the result.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"6 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Slovák, Javad Sarvestan, Fatemeh Alaei, Takehiro Iwatsuki, David Zahradník
{"title":"Upper limb biomechanical differences in volleyball spikes among young female players","authors":"Lukáš Slovák, Javad Sarvestan, Fatemeh Alaei, Takehiro Iwatsuki, David Zahradník","doi":"10.1177/17479541231211679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231211679","url":null,"abstract":"The performance assessment of relevant biomechanical factors is essential for appropriate age-related training progression in volleyball spike (VS). This study aimed to investigate the differences in upper limbs’ (a) range of motion (ROM), (b) angular velocities, and (c) muscular activity during VS among under 16- (U-16), under 18- (U-18), and under 20- (U-20) year-old female volleyball players. The kinematic variables of the spike performances were recorded using six optoelectronic cameras (Vicon Motion system, UK). Additionally, the wireless Trigno system (Delsys, USA) was used to record the electromyographic signals. The one-way ANOVA (1d SPM analysis) exhibited a significantly greater wrist internal rotation ( p < .001), wrist adduction velocity (p < .001), and palmaris longus activity ( p < .001) in the acceleration phase in U-20, compared to the U-16 group. Additionally, the U-20 and the U-18 players portrayed a significantly greater shoulder external rotation ( p < .001) and internal angular velocity ( p = .035) relative to the U-16 group. A significantly greater pectoralis major (p < .001), biceps brachii ( p < .001), and anterior deltoid ( p < .001) activity was observed in the U-20 group, compared to younger groups. This study suggests that older players employ more upper limb muscular activities during spike with the presence of blocks, which enables them to hit the ball with greater velocities and direct the ball in their desired direction through increased wrist ROMs.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"73 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Fernández de Ossó, Javier Pecci, Horacio Sánchez-Trigo, Diego Muñoz, Adrián Escudero-Tena, Juan León
{"title":"Differences between genders and competitive levels on technical-tactical parameters in padel: Implications for training","authors":"Ana Fernández de Ossó, Javier Pecci, Horacio Sánchez-Trigo, Diego Muñoz, Adrián Escudero-Tena, Juan León","doi":"10.1177/17479541231211667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231211667","url":null,"abstract":"Padel is a complex racket sport with a wide variety of technical actions and tactical possibilities. The aim was to compare the duration of the rallies, the number of shots, the shot frequency and the shot frequency between elite and amateur padel players of different genders, which is necessary to guide the training process. The results show that the duration of the rally is longer in elite padel than in amateur padel, both in men ( p < 0.001) and in women ( p < 0.001). In addition, according to gender, greater in women's padel than in men's padel, both in elite ( p < 0.001) and amateur ( p < 0.001). The number of shots per point is greater in elite padel than in amateur padel, both in men ( p < 0.001) and in women ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, according to gender, greater in women’s padel than in men’s padel in elite padel ( p < 0.001) and no significant differences were found in amateur padel ( p = 0.800). The shot frequency is longer in elite padel ( X̅: 0.87) than amateur padel ( X̅: 0.82) and in men padel ( X̅: 0.86) than women padel ( X̅: 0.82), although no significant differences were found. Finally, the player on the right tends to hits the ball less than the player on the left (except women elite players). These results are highly relevant for coaches, as they allow them to guide training processes and quantify the specific workloads of the match based on the gender and level of the players.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"64 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitchell F Aarons, Will Vickery, Lyndell Bruce, Chris M Young, Dan B Dwyer
{"title":"Barriers to coach decision-making during Australian football matches and how it can be supported by artificial intelligence","authors":"Mitchell F Aarons, Will Vickery, Lyndell Bruce, Chris M Young, Dan B Dwyer","doi":"10.1177/17479541231206682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231206682","url":null,"abstract":"Elite sport coaches are often expected to make high-stakes decisions in time-constrained environments, such as during matches. The quality or efficiency of these decisions is bound by context-specific constraints on their decision-making. Artificial intelligence-based tools could alleviate some of these constraints. In Australian football, it is not yet known what these context-specific constraints are, nor is there any understanding of the thoughts and perception of elite Australian football coaches towards the use of artificial intelligence to support their decision-making. This study is the first to explore these issues in the context of elite Australian football and aims to inform the effective design and integration of tools to support the in-match decision-making of coaches in a manner that is welcomed by coaches. Using semi-structured interviews with elite Australian football coaches ( n = 6) and reflexive thematic analysis, two domains were explored: ‘barriers to decision-making’ and ‘thoughts and perceptions of a decision support system (DSS)’. Coaches discussed seven ‘cognitive’ and ‘environmental’ barriers, some of which may be addressed using artificial intelligence. Meanwhile, four themes were generated for the second domain, namely ‘willingness to adopt’, ‘expectation’, ‘concern and criticism’, and ‘DSS role’. The findings enable practitioners to design tools that are intended to address some of these barriers, while also providing insights into important considerations for the implementation and design of these tools that may increase the likelihood of achieving the endorsement of elite coaches and their support staff.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"57 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sam Barraclough, David Piggott, Kevin Till, Adam Kerr, Stacey Emmonds
{"title":"Creating a shared mental model of performance: Coaches’ perspectives of key position-specific soccer actions","authors":"Sam Barraclough, David Piggott, Kevin Till, Adam Kerr, Stacey Emmonds","doi":"10.1177/17479541231205473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231205473","url":null,"abstract":"Important decisions surrounding talent identification (TID), talent development (TD) and (de)selection within elite youth soccer are often grounded in the subjective opinions of coaches. These opinions often stem from coaches’ observations of player performance, which have been shown to be susceptible to several biases. Additionally, previous research has failed to establish specific criteria on which such opinions are based, aside from a coach's own intuition and practical experience. This study aimed to create a communal language and aligned criteria for the specific purpose of evaluating players’ performances. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine experienced coaches (13.6 ± 10.8 years) from a professional UK soccer academy to identify coaches’ perceptions of key position-specific soccer actions, performed during differing moments of the game, for evaluating individual match performance. Thematic analysis of the interview data permitted the extraction of several themes , posited to encompass the position-specific soccer actions highlighted by the coaches. Themes for outfield positions included attacking skills; defending skills; movements to receive, create or exploit space; receiving and releasing skills; support play; end product; press, recover to the ball, man or space; and tactical understanding. Goalkeeper themes included tactical understanding, positioning relative to the ball, danger, teammates and opponents, play forward, support play, choice of action and range of distribution. This study highlights an applied approach of creating a shared mental model for appraising player performances, which can facilitate discussion and knowledge exchange between coaches and practitioners, with the intention of improving decision-making around TID, TD and (de)selection decisions.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"98-100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan M Taylor, Charlie Quigley, Jonathan Madden, Matthew D Wright
{"title":"Multi-sports training in English soccer academies: A survey exploring practices, practitioner perspectives, and barriers to use","authors":"Jonathan M Taylor, Charlie Quigley, Jonathan Madden, Matthew D Wright","doi":"10.1177/17479541231210746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231210746","url":null,"abstract":"Despite interest in multi-sports training as a strategy to enhance long-term player development in soccer, current practice within English professional soccer academies is not well understood. This study explored the use of multi-sports training by English professional soccer academies (i.e., if multi-sports training was used, how often, session duration, activity type and age-group variations), and practitioners’ perspectives with respect to player development (i.e., perceived physical/sociological benefits of; and barriers to use) using an online survey. One practitioner per club, per age category (i.e., Foundation (<9 to <12 years), Youth (<13 to <16 years) and Professional (<18 to <23 years)) was permitted to respond. Sixty practitioners responded, of which, 48% worked with U18-U23 players; 42% with U13–14 and U15–16 players, respectively; 20% with U9–10 players and 33% with U11–12 players. Half ( n = 30) of the respondents used multi-sports training for a total of 1 (IQR 1–2) session and 30 (13 to 60) minutes per week. Respondents ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that multi-sports training improved physical outcomes, reduced injury risk, helped to avoid early professionalism, and improved communication and problem-solving. Several barriers to inclusion were identified, such as limited training time, lack of equipment and attrition from other staff and players. In summary, although multi-sports training was used by only ∼50% of practitioners, indicating that many clubs specialise in deliberate soccer practice, most practitioners perceived multi-sports training to be beneficial to player development.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A practical guide to improve sleep and performance in athletes","authors":"Amy M Bender, Kari A Lambing","doi":"10.1177/17479541231201105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231201105","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is vital for optimal mental and physical health. For athletes, optimizing sleep is becoming a popular strategy to enhance athletic performance. Athletes often complain of sleep problems including insufficient sleep and insomnia symptoms and are also at a higher risk for sleep disordered breathing. Sleep disorders and insufficient sleep can contribute to excessive sleepiness, daytime dysfunction, and performance problems. In contrast, better sleep provides benefits for physical health and athletic performance. For athletes, multiple factors can contribute to insufficient sleep. Sport-specific factors include frequent travel across time zones, competition and training schedules, high training loads, and sleeping in an unfamiliar environment. Non-sport-related factors include work, social, and family commitments; attitudes and sleeping beliefs; individual characteristics, such as chronotype or preference for morning or evening; and lifestyle choices. Fortunately, there are strategies that can be implemented to improve sleep in athletes including (a) education and emphasis on the importance of sleep; (b) sleep screening; providing extra sleep opportunities like (c) banking sleep and (d) napping; improving sleep hygiene like (e) proper light exposure; (f) a good pre-sleep routine; (g) a conducive sleep environment; (h) a strategy for supplementation; (i) utilizing circadian timing adjustments; and (j) jet lag management. Increased recognition of the importance of sleep from sport professionals and screening for sleep disorders and disturbances will be key for future athlete health, well-being, and performance.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"32 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabienne Spies, Larissa Heger, Tim Bindel, Mark Pfeiffer
{"title":"Interest as a supplementary criterion in the detection of talent: The identification of differing types of children at primary school age","authors":"Fabienne Spies, Larissa Heger, Tim Bindel, Mark Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1177/17479541231203497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231203497","url":null,"abstract":"Current efforts to design an effective method of detecting talent are now focused on the differing interests of children (preferences) and not just their sport-related motor skills (ability). When a person-oriented approach is used, it is important to profile different types to design movement offers that effectively target the relevant groups and prevent dropouts. The aim of this study was to investigate in the elementary school context what types it is possible to identify in terms of both interests and ability. A total of 159 children (age 8–11.5) were assessed to determine their interests and their ability using a sequential design approach. ‘Preferences’ were scored on a seven-point Likert scale during a video-assisted interview. ‘Ability’ was assessed using seven sport-related motor skills tests. The mixed-methods approach consisted of a quantitative step 1, a cluster analysis (SPSS27, Ward's method, squared Euclidean distance). Based on the clusters, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted in step 2. Analysis revealed five clusters of children that exhibited significant differences in terms of ability and interests. The qualitative interviews clarify the characteristics of the types (e.g. special interest in recreational activities or in competing at a high level with high or low own performance) and describe their experiences and desires. The data indicates that children's interests are determined by positive experiences and prior knowledge. Schools, sports practice, and sports science are faced with the task of responding suitably to children with different combinations of ability and preferences in the early phase of talent detection.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"190 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Lima Kons, Daniele Detanico, Filipe Estácio Costa, Emerson Franchini, Xurxo Dopico-Calvo, José Morales Aznar, Irineu Loturco, Anthony Weldon
{"title":"Strength and conditioning practices of judo coaches","authors":"Rafael Lima Kons, Daniele Detanico, Filipe Estácio Costa, Emerson Franchini, Xurxo Dopico-Calvo, José Morales Aznar, Irineu Loturco, Anthony Weldon","doi":"10.1177/17479541231206910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231206910","url":null,"abstract":"Strength and conditioning (S&C) is applied across various sports and levels. However, more evidence is needed regarding the practices and perspectives of those delivering S&C, with recent evidence in particular sports and countries showing that sports coaches and support staff are often tasked with this responsibility. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate judo coaches’ S&C practices and perspectives across different countries. Thirty-three judo coaches completed an online survey with six sections: (a) informed consent, (b) background information, (c) education, qualifications, and prescription, (d) views on S&C, (e) exercise selection and preferences, and (f) issues and improvements. Frequency analysis was used to report responses to fixed-response questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended questions. All respondents ( n = 33) reported S&C as “important” to “very important” for all judo aspects. The most important exercises prescribed were squats including variations for strength, weightlifting and derivatives for speed and power, judo-specific movements for agility and fitness, and stretching/mobility for injury reduction. Regarding perceived issues, disadvantages, desired improvements, and future developments in S&C, the most frequent responses were related to motivation, increased staffing, expertise, and technology integration, respectively. This study provides valuable information for those pursuing or currently delivering S&C within judo. Judo coaches can use the presented data to compare, align, and explain their practices with fellow coaches, athletes, and support staff.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuno Silva, Bruno Travassos, Bruno Gonçalves, João Brito, Fábio Nakamura, Eduardo Abade
{"title":"Effects of warm-up duration on acute physical performance in highly trained male futsal players","authors":"Nuno Silva, Bruno Travassos, Bruno Gonçalves, João Brito, Fábio Nakamura, Eduardo Abade","doi":"10.1177/17479541231208009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231208009","url":null,"abstract":"Warm-up is a traditional pre-match routine that aims to enhance players’ readiness to subsequent activity. Manipulating the warm-up structure may be important to enhance acute performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different warm-up durations on futsal players’ physical performance. Twelve highly trained male futsal players participated in this study during the in-season. All players performed three different warm-up protocols on consecutive days that differed on its total duration: normal (28-minute), short (15-minute) and very short (10-minute). All protocols included the same exercises, performed in the same sequence and with equal time percentage. Testing included 5 and 10 m linear sprint, 505 change of direction, countermovement jump (CMJ) and reactive strength index (RSI) and was performed in three different moments: pre warm-up, post warm-up and post10’ warm-up. CMJ and RSI improved in all protocols at post warm-up, with greater effects observed after very short protocol. However, no effects were observed at post10’ for vertical jump after all protocols. Sprint was improved in post warm-up after short and very short warm-up. Normal warm-up promoted positive effects in sprint at post10’. None of the protocols promoted positive effects in COD at post10’. Very short warm-ups appear to positively influence jumping and running performances, although these effects may be attenuated over time. Normal warm-ups could be valid for maintaining readiness during longer inactive periods that may characterize pre-match routines. Also, different responses may emerge from the same warm-up structure, which reinforces the need of adjusting warm-up according to players’ individual profiles.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"56 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}