International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching最新文献

{"title":"A culture of constraints: How head coach turnovers affect the backroom staff and player development in professional football","authors":"Matheus Galdino, Pamela Wicker","doi":"10.1177/17479541231207704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231207704","url":null,"abstract":"In professional football, head coach turnovers are arbitrarily perceived as a shortcut solution to convert losing streaks into winning results within time-limited competitive seasons. Despite a speculative mentality guiding turnover decisions, a new coach is invariably appointed with the expectation of improving performance. As often overlooked, however, coaching replacements inevitably create unintended club-wide spillover effects. This study addresses two related club-wide research questions: (1) How do head coach turnovers affect player development at the team level?; and, (2) What are the spillover effects for backroom staff? Undertaken in Brazil, where turnover rates exceed those in Europe, 30 backroom staff practitioners (i.e., assistant coaches, goalkeeping coaches, fitness coaches, physical therapists, physiologists, and a medical doctor) completed semistructured interviews focused on their experiences. A reflexive thematic analysis revealed an overarching culture of constraints driven by conflicting behaviors and working practices. Three themes were highlighted at the team level: pragmatic playing style, methodological mismatch, and delaying team cohesion. At the individual level, four themes were identified: internal disruption, repetitive adaptations, job insecurity, as well as mental and emotional unrest. The findings indicate how within-season coaching turnovers represent a hazard that unintentionally constrains the mutual collaboration among the stakeholders directly involved with player development.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health training for high school coaches and athletic directors: Community-based participatory research to Coach Beyond","authors":"Samantha Bates, Dawn Anderson-Butcher, Doug Ute, Dale McVey, Sydney Mack, Emily Nothnagle, Rebecca Wade-Mdivanian, Jerome Davis, Josh DeVoll, Joe Vassaloti, Jason Hix, Kaz Pata, Chris Ludban, Nathan Bobek, Keith Myers, Kevin Porter, Jeff Quackenbush, Joe Roberts, Nick Hajjar, Pat Durbin, Tyler Wolfe, Nick Magistrale","doi":"10.1177/17479541231201257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231201257","url":null,"abstract":"Training to improve high school sport coaches’ and athletic directors’ knowledge, skills, and competencies to address and respond to rising mental health concerns is more important than ever. High school student-athletes are at increased risk for mental health concerns, given the pressures of balancing sport, school, and other responsibilities. This paper describes a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study that guided two years of public impact and social change efforts to improve coach education and training in one large Midwestern state in the United States. Our collective goal was to empower coaches and athletic directors to coach “beyond the Xs and Os.” Using a CBPR framework, we describe the decision-making process that led to the co-development and implementation of a mental health training program piloted with 147 high school coaches and athletic directors. We also describe intermediate outcomes associated with our collective change efforts demonstrating the value of using a CBPR approach. Our “Coach Beyond” processes and outputs showcase how CBPR can lead to transformative action and social change to reorient sport as a context focused on the holistic health, wellness, and development of student-athletes.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"44 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group cohesion profiles in athletes: Relationships with two waves of coping and affects in competition","authors":"Higinio González-García, Guillaume Martinent, Michel Nicolas","doi":"10.1177/17479541231210190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231210190","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify group cohesion profiles in athletes and examine whether athletes from distinct profiles significantly differed in affects and coping in competition. A total of 296 competitive athletes participated in the study and completed a series of self-report questionnaires in a temporal design with different measurement points. The athletes completed the questionnaires 2 days before competition, 2 h prior to competition and 2 h after competition. Results from latent profile analysis (LPA) model revealed that three profiles were the most suitable solution: (a) Low group cohesion profile, (b) a mixed group cohesion profile and (c) a high cohesion profile. In particular, (c) athletes from the high group cohesion profile revealed lower scores in intensity of negative affects after the competition, lower precompetitive relaxation, lower precompetitive mental distancing, lower precompetitive mental distraction, lower intracompetitive relaxation, lower intracompetitive logical analysis, lower intracompetitive mental distancing, lower intracompetitive mental distraction and lower intracompetitive disengagement. As a whole, the (b) mixed group cohesion profile revealed the worst combination of the three profiles in terms of coping strategies, which may be a profile at risk of not performing in competition. Thus, it is necessary to understand group cohesion as a multivariate experience for a better comprehension of this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing video feedback for snatch technical error correction in young weightlifters: Comparing the effectiveness of different video playback speeds","authors":"Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi, Omar Trabelsi, Olfa Tounsi, Aymen Hawani, Sofien Fekih, Hichem Souissi, Adnen Gharbi, Ahlem Amor, Swantje Scharenberg, Nizar Souissi","doi":"10.1177/17479541231208917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231208917","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers are actively recommending optimal modes of usage for techno-pedagogical tools to ensure that athletes reap the benefits of technology in their training. In this study, we investigated the most effective video feedback viewing speed among normal-speed (NS), half-speed (HS), and quarter-speed (QS), for technical error correction in young weightlifters during the snatch movement. A total of 37 weightlifters (25 boys and 12 girls), aged 11–12 years, were randomly divided into three groups, namely the normal-speed (control group), the half-speed, and the quarter-speed group. Participants completed a pretest (T0), a seven-week snatch learning unit, and a posttest (T1), as well as a retention test one week later (T2). Video-mediated technical analysis of the snatch movement was conducted using the Kinovea motion analysis software. The main results showed that weightlifters who viewed their feedback videos at a quarter of the normal speed (QS) achieved significantly greater improvements in the displacement of the bar in the first pull Dx2 (T1 vs. T0: 27.41 ± 26.10%, Hedges’ g = 0.87, p < 0.05; T2 vs. T0: 24.34 ± 27.11%, Hedges’ g = 1.07, p < 0.05) and the vertical displacement VTR (T1 vs. T0: 22.89 ± 14.16%, Hedges’ g = 1.16, p < 0.05) compared to those who viewed the videos at NS or HS. These findings suggest that slowing down video feedback playback to a quarter of the normal speed can be an effective strategy for enhancing technical error correction in young weightlifters.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"53 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring strength and conditioning practitioners’ perceptions about using priming exercise as a pre-competition strategy to improve performance","authors":"Patrick M. Holmberg, Scott Russell, Katherine A. O’Brien, Lachlan P. James, Vincent G. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/17479541231207951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231207951","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘priming exercise’ has recently been introduced to describe exercise stimuli prescribed to enhance performance within 1–48 hours of that stimulus. Despite evidence of these activities being utilised in competitive settings, the reasoning underpinning the application of priming exercise is not yet clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore practitioners’ perceptions about using priming exercise as a pre-competition strategy to improve performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 practitioners involved in prescribing training programs to elite Australian athletes. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed six organising themes (i.e. ‘limited and inapplicable research findings’, ‘consideration of athletes’ training age’, risk-return of priming session outcomes’, ‘logistical concerns’, ‘buy-in’ and ‘priming exercise prescription’) later grouped into a global theme, representing the ‘challenges of applying priming exercise’. The findings highlight contextual factors influencing practitioners’ use of priming exercise and, based on these considerations, draw attention to the apparent uncertainty about whether these stimuli can be prescribed effectively to improve competition performance in sports. In addition to gaining insight into applied priming strategies, the present findings may be used to inform externally valid and relevant study designs that subsequently guide practice.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"22 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable technology metrics are associated with energy deficiency and psychological stress in elite swimmers","authors":"Emily A. Lundstrom, Mary Jane De Souza, Kristen J. Koltun, Nicole C.A. Strock, Hannah N. Canil, Nancy I. Williams","doi":"10.1177/17479541231206424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231206424","url":null,"abstract":"Energy deficiency (ED) and psychological stress affect athlete health. Given the emerging capabilities of wearable technology, the purpose of this study was to explore associations of wearable technology metrics in relation to lab-based measures of ED and psychological stress. We investigated the associations between (a) wearable-derived heart rate variability (HRV), resting heart rate (RHR), exercise strain and recovery, and (b) laboratory-derived measures of metabolism (resting metabolic rate (RMR), total triiodothyronine (TT 3 )) and a validated stress assessment (Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ)-52 items) in NCAA swimmers ( n = 23, 10 male, 13 female) during heavy training. Swimmers were grouped by degree of metabolic adaption to ED using the ratio of actual-to-predicted RMR (utilizing the validated cutoff of <0.94) and by sex. Metabolically suppressed swimmers had lower HRV (81 ± 27 ms vs.110 ± 35 ms, p = 0.04). HRV correlated positively with RMR (kcal·kg LBM −1 ·day −1 ; where LBM stands for lean body mass) ( r = 0.45; p = 0.03). HRV was negatively correlated with sport-specific ( r = −0.46; p = 0.03) and total stress ( r = −0.46; p = 0.03). In males, HRV correlated negatively with general stress ( r = −0.72; p = 0.02) and total stress ( r = −0.74, p = 0.01) (RESTQ). Additionally, in males only, the strain was correlated positively with RESTQ recovery–stress balance ( r = 0.69; p = 0.03), and negatively correlated with general stress ( r = −0.81, p = 0.01), and sport stress ( r = −0.89, p < 0.01). No correlations between HRV, RHR, strain or recovery, and stress variables were observed in females. Associations between wearable technology measures of HRV, RHR, strain, and recovery with validated measures of ED and psychological stress should continue to be explored with a focus on underlying mechanisms and moderating influences of biological sex.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"21 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pre-match talk: A multiple-method examination of youth-elite football coaches’ motivational content","authors":"Pablo E Raya-Castellano, Tomás García-Calvo, Miguel A López-Gajardo, Joaquín Martín Marzano-Felisatti, Juan J Pulido","doi":"10.1177/17479541231207254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231207254","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-match meetings are popular scenes in team sports, with coaches typically gathering the full squad within the dressing room and sharing their thoughts before the warm-up and/or competition. Whilst researchers have outlined the effects of informational or emotional talks, little is known about the actual verbal strategies that coaches adopt to influence their players. Therefore, this study examined the motivational content of football coaches’ verbal behaviours and underpinning perceptions of pre-match talks’ delivery. Five coaches ( M age = 36.2 years) working at a La Liga academy were involved in six pre-match talks ( n = 30) and one semi-structured interview each. Talks were analysed using a two-stage coding process after adaptation of validated and motivationally relevant instruments, and interviews were assessed following thematic analysis procedures. Game strategy units were the most commonly employed topic across all coaches, which involved ‘neutral’ behaviours such as role description, game objective specification, and opposition statements. These were complemented with autonomy and competence supportive messages such as facilitating choices/opinions, offering rationales, supporting past performance, or ego-oriented and social climate support dimensions, depending on the coach. Data suggested that contextual factors could strengthen or attenuate the use of these verbal behaviours/dimensions. Build-up play contents were more likely to feature autonomy support game strategy comments than defending aspects, whereas lower-ranked and underdog opponents were associated with increased disapproving past performance and ego-involving statements compared to when facing higher-ranked opponents or playing derbies. Thus, it is suggested that the use of autonomy-, competence- and relatedness-supportive dimensions in addition to task-oriented messages should be reconsider by coaches if attempting to convey a need-supportive motivational climate.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive preparation strategies for a world-class endurance athlete competing in major international competitions in hot environmental conditions: A case study","authors":"Amelia J Carr, Avish P Sharma, Megan LR Ross, Brent S Vallance","doi":"10.1177/17479541231194126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231194126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To document a world-class race walking athlete's preparation for the 2019 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships (Doha, Qatar), including periodized training, physiological data, cooling strategies and nutritional practices. Methods Physiological data (VO 2max , mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ; submaximal economy, mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ; and %VO 2max ), training volume (km) and intensity (min·km −1 ) were recorded (January–May 2019). Additional training strategies and interventions (altitude training, heat acclimation/acclimatization, cooling methods and pre- and during-race nutrition) were described (February–October 2019). Performances in IAAF-sanctioned 20 km races were also reported. Results The athlete's highest VO 2max result was 74.6 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , and his highest 4 mmol·L −1 walking speed was 15.7 km·h −1 . The best submaximal economy measures (the lowest proportional oxygen use at 13 km·h −1 ) were 48.4 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 (65.2% VO 2max ). The best performance outcome was a bronze medal-winning performance at the 2019 IAAF World Championships (32°C; 77% RH). Six blocks of altitude training were performed (119 days). Five blocks of heat acclimatization training (127 days), one block of heat acclimation training (8 days) and two blocks of post-training passive heat sessions (16 days) were completed. Internal and external cooling strategies were used, and the athlete's nutritional intake focused on carbohydrate and fluid intake prior to and during races, pre-race supplementation with sodium bicarbonate using chronic and acute protocols, caffeine supplementation during races and pre-race hyperhydration. Conclusion The strategies used by this elite athlete included repeated heat acclimation, heat acclimatization, passive heat exposure, hypoxic training and heat mitigation strategies. Similar strategies may provide benefit to elite athletes preparing for major international competitions in hot conditions.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of golf practise and strength and conditioning in golf: Insights from professional golf coaches","authors":"Alex Bliss, Ben Langdown","doi":"10.1177/17479541231199657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231199657","url":null,"abstract":"Strength and conditioning (S&amp;C) interventions for golfers consistently demonstrate improvements in performance metrics such as clubhead speed. Golfers typically employ Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA) coaches to support technical and tactical development. These coaches need to ensure golfers balance S&amp;C training alongside competitions and technical golf practise, although no empirical data exist that demonstrates how this integration occurs practically. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and practises of PGA Professional golf coaches and how S&amp;C is integrated into the golf year. Forty-three (male = 35; female = 8) PGA coaches completed a mixed-methods survey with questions on themes such as coaching approach, perceptions of S&amp;C, annual planning and goal setting. Results show that formal planning processes are highly variable or absent. The majority (n = 29; 70.7%) of PGA coaches stated they worked with an S&amp;C coach and see the role of the S&amp;C coach to support golfers with their input. However, when planning the season, 63.4% (n = 26) of coaches do so without input from the S&amp;C coach. These and other related disconnects between desire for S&amp;C intervention and inclusion of the S&amp;C coach in planning processes were evident throughout survey responses. There may be subsequent risks of conflict or misunderstanding between PGA coach, S&amp;C coach and golfer. It is recommended golf coaches, golfers and S&amp;C coaches work collaboratively as a multidisciplinary support team to ensure coordinated golfer support is obtained.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does game-based training replicate match inside-50 entries in elite Australian Rules football?","authors":"Olivia Wallace, Will Vickery, Lyndell Bruce","doi":"10.1177/17479541231204114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231204114","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine if the training design of an elite Australian Rules football team replicated match conditions for inside-50 entries. Notational analyses of one professional Australian Rules football club's training and match footage were conducted for every disposal that entered the inside-50 during either game-based training or matches. Analysed variables included how the ball was received, time in possession and location. Statistical analyses were undertaken using Mann–Whitney tests, a multivariate analysis of variance and a decision tree analysis. Significant differences were identified between game-based training and competition matches for 34 of the 54 inside-50 entry variables. Of these 34 variables, 10 showed a strong effect between session types. When examining the efficiency of inside-50 entries, only effective disposals produced a significant difference between training and matches, with no differences for neutral and ineffective disposals. The session type, how the ball was received, decision (e.g., kick vs. handball) and pressure acts were the most important contributors to effective inside-50 entry disposal efficiency. The results suggest this professional Australian Rules team does not participate in training sessions that reflect inside-50 match conditions. This study may provide a framework for elite Australian Rules teams on which to structure their inside-50 training.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}