Talent development in childhood: Early specialization or sampling? From an either… or… question to a 2 × 2 × 3 question cuboid

IF 1.5 4区教育学 Q3 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI:10.1177/17479541231197225

Bryan Charbonnet, Achim Conzelmann

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A central, yet still unresolved, question about optimal youth talent development asks whether children should specialize and train systematically in one sport— early specialization—or gain different playful experiences in several sports— early sampling. Based upon theoretical considerations, we problematize dichotomous discussions and offer a complex 2 × 2 × 3 question cuboid differentiating between two goals (performance in adulthood and positive youth development), two continuum-based dimensions (task-specificity and exercise mode), and three perspectives (nomothetic, group-specific, and idiographic). Accordingly, resolving the question about optimal youth talent development involves assembling answers derived from 12 different questions. Through our theoretical contribution, we identified several nomothetic principles offering stakeholders initial recommendations and orientations to estimate the appropriate need for high task-specificity and exercise mode in relation to each goal. We suggest adapting these recommendations according to group-specific characteristics, such as sport and age, and idiographic fine-tuning according to children's biopsychosocial characteristics.

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儿童时期的天赋发展:早期专业化还是抽样?从非此即彼的问题变成了一个2 × 2 × 3的长方体问题

关于最佳青年人才发展的一个核心但仍未解决的问题是，孩子们是否应该在一项运动中专攻和系统地训练——早期专业化——或者在几项运动中获得不同的游戏体验——早期抽样。基于理论考虑，我们对二分法讨论提出了问题，并提供了一个复杂的2 × 2 × 3问题长方体，区分两个目标(成年期表现和积极的青年发展)、两个基于连续体的维度(任务特异性和锻炼模式)和三个视角(本体、群体特异性和具体)。因此，解决青年人才最佳发展问题需要汇集12个不同问题的答案。通过我们的理论贡献，我们确定了几个指标性原则，为利益相关者提供了初步建议和方向，以估计与每个目标相关的高任务特异性和练习模式的适当需求。我们建议根据群体的具体特征(如运动和年龄)调整这些建议，并根据儿童的生物心理社会特征进行具体调整。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Multiple-

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

15.80%

发文量

208

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.