Comprehensive preparation strategies for a world-class endurance athlete competing in major international competitions in hot environmental conditions: A case study

IF 1.5 4区 教育学 Q3 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Amelia J Carr, Avish P Sharma, Megan LR Ross, Brent S Vallance
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Abstract

Purpose To document a world-class race walking athlete's preparation for the 2019 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships (Doha, Qatar), including periodized training, physiological data, cooling strategies and nutritional practices. Methods Physiological data (VO 2max , mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ; submaximal economy, mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ; and %VO 2max ), training volume (km) and intensity (min·km −1 ) were recorded (January–May 2019). Additional training strategies and interventions (altitude training, heat acclimation/acclimatization, cooling methods and pre- and during-race nutrition) were described (February–October 2019). Performances in IAAF-sanctioned 20 km races were also reported. Results The athlete's highest VO 2max result was 74.6 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , and his highest 4 mmol·L −1 walking speed was 15.7 km·h −1 . The best submaximal economy measures (the lowest proportional oxygen use at 13 km·h −1 ) were 48.4 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 (65.2% VO 2max ). The best performance outcome was a bronze medal-winning performance at the 2019 IAAF World Championships (32°C; 77% RH). Six blocks of altitude training were performed (119 days). Five blocks of heat acclimatization training (127 days), one block of heat acclimation training (8 days) and two blocks of post-training passive heat sessions (16 days) were completed. Internal and external cooling strategies were used, and the athlete's nutritional intake focused on carbohydrate and fluid intake prior to and during races, pre-race supplementation with sodium bicarbonate using chronic and acute protocols, caffeine supplementation during races and pre-race hyperhydration. Conclusion The strategies used by this elite athlete included repeated heat acclimation, heat acclimatization, passive heat exposure, hypoxic training and heat mitigation strategies. Similar strategies may provide benefit to elite athletes preparing for major international competitions in hot conditions.
世界级耐力运动员在高温环境下参加重大国际比赛的综合准备策略研究
目的记录一名世界级的快走运动员为2019年国际田联(IAAF)世界锦标赛(卡塔尔多哈)所做的准备工作,包括定期训练、生理数据、冷却策略和营养实践。方法生理数据(VO 2max, mL·kg−1·min−1;次极大经济性,mL·kg−1·min−1;记录训练量(km)和强度(min·km−1)(2019年1月至5月)。描述了额外的训练策略和干预措施(高原训练、热适应/热适应、冷却方法以及赛前和赛中营养)(2019年2月至10月)。在国际田联认可的20公里比赛中也有表现。结果运动员最高VO 2max为74.6 mL·kg−1·min−1,最高4 mmol·L−1步行速度为15.7 km·h−1。最佳次最大经济指标(13 km·h−1时最低比例耗氧量)为48.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 (65.2% VO 2max)。最好的成绩是在2019年国际田联世界锦标赛(32°C;77% RH)。进行6组高原训练(119天)。共进行了5期热适应训练(127天)、1期热适应训练(8天)和2期训练后被动热训练(16天)。使用了内部和外部冷却策略,运动员的营养摄入主要集中在比赛前和比赛期间的碳水化合物和液体摄入,赛前使用慢性和急性方案补充碳酸氢钠,比赛期间补充咖啡因和赛前过度补水。结论该运动员的热适应策略包括重复热适应、热适应、被动热暴露、低氧训练和热缓解策略。类似的策略可能对在炎热条件下准备大型国际比赛的优秀运动员有益。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
15.80%
发文量
208
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.
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