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Social media effects on well-being: The hypothesis of addiction of a new variety 社交媒体对幸福的影响：新型成瘾假说
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12380
Maurizio Pugno
{"title":"Social media effects on well-being: The hypothesis of addiction of a new variety","authors":"Maurizio Pugno","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12380","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent evidence shows that social media use has negative effects on well-being of children and youths. However, the underlying reasons are unclear, as social media are means that can also serve beneficial purposes. We propose the hypothesis that social media induce users to harmful addiction of a new variety because such use is not toxic per se but becomes toxic by crowding out beneficial activities. We identify, in particular, the key mechanism in the change of time preference: While social media induce users to present-biassed activities, thus encouraged by how platforms are designed, they crowd out activities that develop skills and are forward-looking, such as education, volunteering and democratic participation. This triggers a vicious circle leading to a long run deterioration of well-being and skills that would have acted as an antidote to addiction. As implication, policies should address adequate information and education in general, as well as increased competition in the digital platform market. While the available evidence supports our hypothesis in many respects, more empirical research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"690-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Split personalities? Behavioral effects of temperature on financial decision-making 人格分裂？温度对财务决策的行为影响
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12382
Despina Gavresi, Anastasia Litina, Christos A. Makridis
{"title":"Split personalities? Behavioral effects of temperature on financial decision-making","authors":"Despina Gavresi,&nbsp;Anastasia Litina,&nbsp;Christos A. Makridis","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12382","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fact that environmental factors have a broader effect on financial decision-making has been lengthily explored, but there is a gap in understanding how personality traits might mediate the effects of temperature on individual decision-making. Using plausibly exogenous variation of individuals' exposure to changes in national temperature between 2004 and 2018 across NUTS 1 regions in 29 European countries, we estimate the causal effect of a marginal change in temperature on financial investments and its interaction with the trait of optimism/pessimism using Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. A 10% increase in temperature is associated with a 0.03 percentage point (pp) rise in the probability that an optimist invests in bonds and a 0.024 pp decline in the probability for investment in stocks. However, among pessimists, we find null effects. The results are comparable on the intensive margin. In sum, our results highlight the potentially heterogeneous ways that environmental factors shape individual decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"664-689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Institutions as predictors of government discrimination 机构是政府歧视的预测因素
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12383
Niclas Berggren, Christian Bjørnskov
{"title":"Institutions as predictors of government discrimination","authors":"Niclas Berggren,&nbsp;Christian Bjørnskov","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exclusion of some groups caused by the misuse of government power remains a major problem across the world. We propose that market-oriented institutions and policies have the capacity to reduce such exclusion. To test this, we use an overall measure derived from the V-Dem dataset, capturing government discrimination based on political group, social group, socio-economic group, and gender, which we combine with the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World index. The sample consists of 153 countries for 1970–2020, which we organize in a panel consisting of consecutive, non-overlapping 5-year periods, rendering up to about 1,200 observations. Our estimates show a clear negative association between the rule of law and government discrimination in electoral democracies and electoral autocracies but not in single-party autocracies. There are, however, reasons for not considering the finding for electoral autocracies causal. Two further areas of economic freedom seem to matter: free trade is negatively related to government exclusion in electoral democracies, while regulatory freedom is so in both types of autocracies. Thus, it seems as if a market-economic system may be able to constrain public officials in the direction of non-discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"642-663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Underperforming reformers: Examining disappointing cases of economic reforms 表现不佳的改革者：考察令人失望的经济改革案例
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12379
Justin Callais, Kerianne Lawson
{"title":"Underperforming reformers: Examining disappointing cases of economic reforms","authors":"Justin Callais,&nbsp;Kerianne Lawson","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12379","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While pro-market economic institutions are a strong and causal predictor of economic development, such institutions are not expected to have the same impact across countries. Furthermore, there are actually a few instances where countries that enacted market-friendly reforms had negative economic growth soon after. Examining 49 cases of large and sustained increases in economic freedom over a five year window, we find 10 cases that were followed by low/negative economic growth thereafter. We consider various potential determinants of failed reforms by comparing different measures between the successful and failed reforming countries. Our strongest evidence points to the following as plausible reasons for failed reforms: culture (high levels of power distance, low levels of individualism, and low levels of generalized trust), areas of economic freedom that countries reformed (less focus on sound monetary policy, more focus on limiting the size of government, and more variance between the five areas), and autocratic political institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"593-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The election campaign for parliament in the age of the Internet 互联网时代的议会竞选活动
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12381
Raffaella Santolini
{"title":"The election campaign for parliament in the age of the Internet","authors":"Raffaella Santolini","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines whether the use of Internet-based communication technologies during election campaigns helps candidates to be elected to parliament and improves their perception of being able to win national elections. Using data from the 2013 Italian Candidate Survey, estimation results show that the use of a personal website and Twitter during the electoral race significantly improves candidates' perceptions of winning nationwide election and their likelihood of being elected to parliamentary office.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"616-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are government expenditures more cyclical the more they finance the provision of public goods? 政府支出是否越是用于提供公共产品，周期性就越强？
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12378
Andrew Abbott, Philip Jones
{"title":"Are government expenditures more cyclical the more they finance the provision of public goods?","authors":"Andrew Abbott,&nbsp;Philip Jones","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The “publicness” of services provided by governments can be gauged with reference to the extent to which services are “non-rival in consumption.” Services that are more “rival in consumption” (e.g., education and medical care) are more likely to be “parceled out” between citizens. With greater personal experience, voters are more likely to be aware of private-good benefits and therefore are far more likely to perceive these services as part of a personal “endowment.” In economic downturns, they attach priority to sustaining expenditures on more “private” services and vote-maximizing governments respond by diverting expenditure from “more public” to “more private” services. Consequently, government expenditures are more cyclical the more they finance non-rival services. Predictions are tested with reference to government expenditures in 28 OECD countries between 1997 and 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"574-592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corporate philanthropy, political connections, and costs of equity capital 企业慈善、政治关系和股权资本成本
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12376
Chuyuan Liu, Jing Tang, Chenghao Huang
{"title":"Corporate philanthropy, political connections, and costs of equity capital","authors":"Chuyuan Liu,&nbsp;Jing Tang,&nbsp;Chenghao Huang","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12376","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine how investors' perceptions of firms' philanthropic behaviors alter the effect of corporate philanthropy on costs of equity capital. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2007 to 2018, we find that firms making philanthropic donations have higher equity financing costs. In contrast, firms without politically connected executives, experiencing provincial official turnovers, and located in provinces with fiscal pressure do not see an increase in costs of equity capital. In addition, Chinese investors consider strategic corporate philanthropy to establish political connections less valuable after anticorruption campaigns are launched, hence requiring higher rates of return from firms making monetary donations. Overall, this paper provides evidence that investors' perceptions of firm behavior are shaped by unique institutional factors in emerging markets, resulting in unintended economic consequences for firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"546-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic panel analysis of the EU's fiscal reaction function with threshold effects 带门槛效应的欧盟财政反应函数的动态面板分析
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12377
Emmanuel Mamatzakis
{"title":"Dynamic panel analysis of the EU's fiscal reaction function with threshold effects","authors":"Emmanuel Mamatzakis","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study contributes to the ongoing reform of the EU's economic governance, particularly about fiscal performance. We opt for a fiscal reaction function of the cyclically adjusted primary balance. Given concerns over underlying endogeneity and heterogeneity across countries we employ a threshold dynamic analysis. The findings confirm that the fiscal policy in the EU has been procyclical overall. However, we identify two regimes of output gap. Fiscal policy has been countercyclical for EU member states in the higher output gap regime while EU member states follow a procyclical fiscal policy in the lower regime. We reveal also that the endogenous debt-to-GDP ratio threshold is at 75.6% for the EU and 78.7% for the Euro area, which notably exceeds the EU Treaty's reference value of 60%. Fiscal rules and fiscal councils mitigate procyclical fiscal policies, being more effective for low debt countries. In terms of policy implications, the identified fiscal thresholds and variability across countries warrant a higher degree of fiscal coordination in the EU, particularly in the Euro area.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"520-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public goods and diversity in democracies and non-democracies 民主和非民主国家的公益和多样性
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12374
Roxanne Raabe, Christian J. Sander, Andrea Schneider
{"title":"Public goods and diversity in democracies and non-democracies","authors":"Roxanne Raabe,&nbsp;Christian J. Sander,&nbsp;Andrea Schneider","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyzes how ethnic diversity affects the provision of public goods in democratic and non-democratic societies when political parties compete for voter support by offering a mix of private and public goods. Our model implies that increasing diversity that leads to more heterogeneous preferences for public goods decreases the provision of public goods in democracies, where political power is distributed equally among citizens, while there is a weaker or no effect in non-democracies, where political power is distributed unequally among citizens. When measuring diversity by ethnic fractionalization and public good provision by either levels of government expenses, expenditures on health, or life expectancy, we indeed observe a negative association between diversity and the provision of public goods in democracies but no or only a weak association in non-democracies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"496-519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The political process in nations: Civil society participation and income inequality 国家的政治进程：民间社会参与和收入不平等
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12375
Andreas Sintos, Michael Chletsos, Konstantinos Kontos
{"title":"The political process in nations: Civil society participation and income inequality","authors":"Andreas Sintos,&nbsp;Michael Chletsos,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kontos","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12375","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study delves into the influence of civil society participation on income inequality, a topic that has received limited scholarly attention. Civil society participation refers to the activities of citizens who organize into various groups, known as civil society organizations, to pursue common interests and goals. These organizations span a wide range, including interest groups, labor unions, spiritual bodies engaging in civic or political activities, social movements, professional associations, charities, and other nongovernmental entities. Our research utilizes an extensive panel dataset, encompassing a global sample of countries from 1975 to 2019. We aim to comprehensively analyze the direct effects of civil society participation on income inequality. Our findings reveal that higher levels of civil society participation are effective in reducing inequality over the short, medium, and long term. These results have significant implications for policymakers. They suggest that encouraging and facilitating civil society participation could be a viable strategy for addressing income inequality. By understanding the dynamics of how civil society engagement influences economic disparities, policymakers can better design and implement measures that promote more equitable economic outcomes. This research contributes to the broader discourse on economic inequality and the potential role of civil society in mitigating it.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 3","pages":"471-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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