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Elections and policies: Evidence from the Covid pandemic 选举与政策：科威德大流行的证据
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12387
Daryna Grechyna
{"title":"Elections and policies: Evidence from the Covid pandemic","authors":"Daryna Grechyna","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12387","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores the impact of political elections on public policies during the Covid pandemic, distinguishing between economic (supportive) and noneconomic (restrictive) policies in a panel of countries that held political elections during 3 years of pandemic, 2020–2022. An event study, controlling for the evolution of the pandemic in terms of Covid cases and deaths, as well as country and time fixed effects, reveals significant adjustments in the Covid-related restrictive, lockdown-type, policies but not in the Covid-related economic support policies before political elections during the first half of the pandemic. The pre-election policy adjustments included a gradual easing of the restrictions before elections and were driven by the changes in the restrictions that were more likely to directly affect the electorate, such as the restrictions on workplace closing, gatherings, and public events. The presence of the pre-election restrictions adjustment is conditional on the economic and political characteristics of the country, such as the state of democracy, the degree of political competition, the overall restrictions stringency, and the income level.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unemployment and households' food consumption: A cross-country panel data analysis across OECD countries 失业与家庭食品消费：经合组织国家的跨国面板数据分析
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12386
Jim Been, Vincent Bakker, Olaf van Vliet
{"title":"Unemployment and households' food consumption: A cross-country panel data analysis across OECD countries","authors":"Jim Been,&nbsp;Vincent Bakker,&nbsp;Olaf van Vliet","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a panel of all 38 OECD countries for the time period 1980–2020, we estimate elasticities between aggregate unemployment and households' average food consumption. For food consumption measured in calorie intake, we find a small but statistically and economically significant negative elasticity of about 0.02 with unemployment. This elasticity is about 0.03 for food spending measured in protein intake which suggests that unemployment most likely leads to decreases in the quality of food primarily, on average. These findings are robust to a wide variety of consumption definitions, functional forms, types of wealth and income fluctuations, countries considered, and institutions considered. Our results suggest that unemployment insurance benefits and households' savings both matter for the size of the elasticity, thereby operating as automatic stabilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The advantages of being disadvantaged 弱势群体的优势
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12388
Alexandre Bohas, Gilles Grolleau, Naoufel Mzoughi
{"title":"The advantages of being disadvantaged","authors":"Alexandre Bohas,&nbsp;Gilles Grolleau,&nbsp;Naoufel Mzoughi","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12388","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although many contributions examine how individuals and various entities (e.g., organizations and countries) manage to obtain a (competitive) advantage, there is a knowledge gap on how to make the best of disadvantages. Using notably the theories of self-enhancement and psychological reactance, the existing literature has explained the mechanisms that can motivate and support an entity to get out from a disadvantageous position. We go further by addressing the “<i>how</i>” issues. We conceptualize disadvantages and adopt a provocative stance by showing how they can be transformed into valuable opportunities. Specifically, we document how being disadvantaged may be a driver of compensatory behaviors, effectual thinking, and innovation and serves as an emotional bond and in-group marker. We also draw managerial and policy implications that offer a refreshing view on how to take advantage of disadvantages, such as changing the non-market context and promoting the disadvantage as a market differentiation factor. As a caveat, adopting this stance should not be interpreted as a catch-all solution that exonerates stakeholders from doing their part in providing support to disadvantaged entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Slave trades, kinship structures and women's political participation in Africa 非洲的奴隶贸易、亲属关系结构和妇女参政
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12384
Leoné Walters, Carolyn Chisadza, Matthew Clance
{"title":"Slave trades, kinship structures and women's political participation in Africa","authors":"Leoné Walters,&nbsp;Carolyn Chisadza,&nbsp;Matthew Clance","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12384","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study whether present-day women's political participation in sub-Saharan Africa is associated to the temporary gender ratio imbalances caused by the transatlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades, taking into account pre-existing gender norms influenced by kinship structures. To study the interrelatedness between historical exposure to the slave trades, patrilineality and their association to contemporary women's political participation, we use individual-level data for 35,595 women from 28 sub-Saharan African countries from three rounds of Afrobarometer surveys, georeferenced to historical ethnic region kinship and slave trade data. Our findings suggest that a woman's ethnic region historical exposure to the transatlantic slave trade is associated with an increase in her likelihood to vote today, however, only in non-patrilineal ethnic regions. This effect is mitigated in patrilineal ethnic regions, where women have less decision-making power. This paper contributes to the literature on the contemporary sub-national effects of the slave trades and the historical causes of gender gaps in political participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Satisfaction with public goods provision and citizen preferences for institutional changes: Evidence from the dictatorship-era constitution in Chile 对公共产品提供的满意度和公民对制度变革的偏好：智利独裁时期宪法的证据
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12385
Andrés A. Acuña-Duarte, Javier A. León, César A. Salazar
{"title":"Satisfaction with public goods provision and citizen preferences for institutional changes: Evidence from the dictatorship-era constitution in Chile","authors":"Andrés A. Acuña-Duarte,&nbsp;Javier A. León,&nbsp;César A. Salazar","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We argue that a deficient provision of public goods may influence citizen satisfaction with the status quo, thereby encouraging demands for institutional changes. We formalize and test this relationship using prior data related to the recent constitutional process carried out in Chile to replace its dictatorship-era constitution. Individual-level data from the Chile 2016/17 AmericasBarometer survey are used to estimate ordered and multinomial probit models to study the determinants of citizen preferences for constitutional change, distinguishing between amendment and replacement. The main findings reveal that preferences for reforming the Chilean constitution can be driven by greater discontent with public goods provision. These results remain robust when estimating pseudo-panel models using cohort-level data and examining coefficient stability. Moreover, higher levels of corruption are associated with a stronger demand for constitutional replacement, suggesting a potential rupture in the shared social contract due to poor governance and lower political equality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social media effects on well-being: The hypothesis of addiction of a new variety 社交媒体对幸福的影响：新型成瘾假说
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12380
Maurizio Pugno
{"title":"Social media effects on well-being: The hypothesis of addiction of a new variety","authors":"Maurizio Pugno","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12380","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent evidence shows that social media use has negative effects on well-being of children and youths. However, the underlying reasons are unclear, as social media are means that can also serve beneficial purposes. We propose the hypothesis that social media induce users to harmful addiction of a new variety because such use is not toxic per se but becomes toxic by crowding out beneficial activities. We identify, in particular, the key mechanism in the change of time preference: While social media induce users to present-biassed activities, thus encouraged by how platforms are designed, they crowd out activities that develop skills and are forward-looking, such as education, volunteering and democratic participation. This triggers a vicious circle leading to a long run deterioration of well-being and skills that would have acted as an antidote to addiction. As implication, policies should address adequate information and education in general, as well as increased competition in the digital platform market. While the available evidence supports our hypothesis in many respects, more empirical research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Split personalities? Behavioral effects of temperature on financial decision-making 人格分裂？温度对财务决策的行为影响
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12382
Despina Gavresi, Anastasia Litina, Christos A. Makridis
{"title":"Split personalities? Behavioral effects of temperature on financial decision-making","authors":"Despina Gavresi,&nbsp;Anastasia Litina,&nbsp;Christos A. Makridis","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12382","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fact that environmental factors have a broader effect on financial decision-making has been lengthily explored, but there is a gap in understanding how personality traits might mediate the effects of temperature on individual decision-making. Using plausibly exogenous variation of individuals' exposure to changes in national temperature between 2004 and 2018 across NUTS 1 regions in 29 European countries, we estimate the causal effect of a marginal change in temperature on financial investments and its interaction with the trait of optimism/pessimism using Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. A 10% increase in temperature is associated with a 0.03 percentage point (pp) rise in the probability that an optimist invests in bonds and a 0.024 pp decline in the probability for investment in stocks. However, among pessimists, we find null effects. The results are comparable on the intensive margin. In sum, our results highlight the potentially heterogeneous ways that environmental factors shape individual decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Institutions as predictors of government discrimination 机构是政府歧视的预测因素
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12383
Niclas Berggren, Christian Bjørnskov
{"title":"Institutions as predictors of government discrimination","authors":"Niclas Berggren,&nbsp;Christian Bjørnskov","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exclusion of some groups caused by the misuse of government power remains a major problem across the world. We propose that market-oriented institutions and policies have the capacity to reduce such exclusion. To test this, we use an overall measure derived from the V-Dem dataset, capturing government discrimination based on political group, social group, socio-economic group, and gender, which we combine with the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World index. The sample consists of 153 countries for 1970–2020, which we organize in a panel consisting of consecutive, non-overlapping 5-year periods, rendering up to about 1,200 observations. Our estimates show a clear negative association between the rule of law and government discrimination in electoral democracies and electoral autocracies but not in single-party autocracies. There are, however, reasons for not considering the finding for electoral autocracies causal. Two further areas of economic freedom seem to matter: free trade is negatively related to government exclusion in electoral democracies, while regulatory freedom is so in both types of autocracies. Thus, it seems as if a market-economic system may be able to constrain public officials in the direction of non-discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Underperforming reformers: Examining disappointing cases of economic reforms 表现不佳的改革者：考察令人失望的经济改革案例
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12379
Justin Callais, Kerianne Lawson
{"title":"Underperforming reformers: Examining disappointing cases of economic reforms","authors":"Justin Callais,&nbsp;Kerianne Lawson","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12379","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While pro-market economic institutions are a strong and causal predictor of economic development, such institutions are not expected to have the same impact across countries. Furthermore, there are actually a few instances where countries that enacted market-friendly reforms had negative economic growth soon after. Examining 49 cases of large and sustained increases in economic freedom over a five year window, we find 10 cases that were followed by low/negative economic growth thereafter. We consider various potential determinants of failed reforms by comparing different measures between the successful and failed reforming countries. Our strongest evidence points to the following as plausible reasons for failed reforms: culture (high levels of power distance, low levels of individualism, and low levels of generalized trust), areas of economic freedom that countries reformed (less focus on sound monetary policy, more focus on limiting the size of government, and more variance between the five areas), and autocratic political institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The election campaign for parliament in the age of the Internet 互联网时代的议会竞选活动
IF 1.5 3区 经济学
Kyklos Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12381
Raffaella Santolini
{"title":"The election campaign for parliament in the age of the Internet","authors":"Raffaella Santolini","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines whether the use of Internet-based communication technologies during election campaigns helps candidates to be elected to parliament and improves their perception of being able to win national elections. Using data from the 2013 Italian Candidate Survey, estimation results show that the use of a personal website and Twitter during the electoral race significantly improves candidates' perceptions of winning nationwide election and their likelihood of being elected to parliamentary office.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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